白音查干凹陷西部下白垩统层序地层及沉积相研究
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摘要
本论文利用三维地震、钻井、测井等资料,依据层序地层学的理论和研究方法,在研究区下白垩统识别出4个主要不整合面,将下白垩统阿尔善组到都一段划分为三个三级层序(层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅲ)。通过地震精细解释,在三个三级层序内部分别识别了一个次级不整合面,将目的层系划分出6个四级层序,自下而上,依次为层序Ⅰ1(阿尔善组下段下部)、层序Ⅰ2(阿尔善组下段上部)、层序Ⅱ1(阿尔善上段+腾格尔组下段)、层序Ⅱ2(腾格尔组上段)、层序Ⅲ1(都红木组一段下部)和层序Ⅲ2(都红木组一段上部)。在此基础上,利用钻井、测井和三维地震资料,进行了基准面旋回的划分。
根据岩石学和地球物理学的相标志,结合单井相和剖面相划分,在研究区下白垩统识别出扇三角洲沉积相、辫状河三角洲沉积相、湖泊沉积相和浊积扇等沉积相类型。通过岩性分布和地震反射特征的研究,指出研究区共有四个物源方向,分别为:锡19井北东方向物源、达30井处北西向物源、锡6井处北北西向物源和锡10井处北北西向物源。
利用砂岩百分比、测井相、地震相和地震属性的平面分布特征,结合物源方向,综合分析了研究区各层位的沉积相展布及其特征。阿尔善组至腾格尔组下段沉积时期,研究区的西南部、东南部和东北部继承性的发育了辫状河三角洲沉积相;腾格尔组上段至都红木组一段沉积时期,研究区的西南部、东南部和东北部三个地区转为扇三角洲沉积相,由下而上继承性发育。
扇体沉积主要受到了坡折带、古沟道和断层的控制。其中坡折带的发育控制了砂体的发育和分布规律,在坡折带之上的滨浅湖浅水区,发育了辫状河三角洲和扇三角洲砂体,在坡折带以下的水体迅速加深斜坡区及半深湖-深湖区发育了滑塌浊积扇砂体。
The subject formation is devided into three third grade sequences by the unconformity surfaces which are recognized by drilling data,log data and seismic data by combining method of classic sequence stratigraphy and High resolution sequence stratigraphy : sequenceⅠ, sequenceⅡand sequenceⅢ. It is further divided into six fourth grade sequences by subordinated unconformity surfaces which are recognized by precise interpretation: sequenceⅠ1,sequenceⅠ2,sequenceⅡ1,sequenceⅡ2,sequenceⅢ1 and sequenceⅢ2.Based on the fourth grade sequence framework, the short-term base-level cycles are recognized by High resolution sequence stratigraphic method.
There are fan delta facies,braided river delta facies,turbidite fan facies and lakes faciess which are recognized by petrology sedimentary facies marks and physical geography sedimentary facies marks.
Four sedimentery sources are recognized in the study area by petrology distribution and seismic reflaction characters:the NE dicretion source near by Xi19,the NW dicretion source near by Da30,the NNW dicretion source near by Xi6 and the NNW dicretion source near by Xi10.
The horizontal distribution of the faciess is devided by the horizontal distribution of sand-ground ratio、the horizontal distribution of electrofacies、the horizontal distribution of seismic facies and the horizontal distribution of seismic attribute. The fan delta facies is mainly distribute in sequenceⅢin the southwest, southeast northeast of the study area.The braided river delta facies is mainly distribute in sequenceⅠ1 to sequenceⅡ2 in the southwest, south and east of the study area.
Delta facies distribution iscontroled by the slope break,fault and channel.The fan delta facies and braided river delta facies deposite up the slope break,and the turbidite fan facies deposite down the slope break.
根据岩石学和地球物理学的相标志,结合单井相和剖面相划分,在研究区下白垩统识别出扇三角洲沉积相、辫状河三角洲沉积相、湖泊沉积相和浊积扇等沉积相类型。通过岩性分布和地震反射特征的研究,指出研究区共有四个物源方向,分别为:锡19井北东方向物源、达30井处北西向物源、锡6井处北北西向物源和锡10井处北北西向物源。
利用砂岩百分比、测井相、地震相和地震属性的平面分布特征,结合物源方向,综合分析了研究区各层位的沉积相展布及其特征。阿尔善组至腾格尔组下段沉积时期,研究区的西南部、东南部和东北部继承性的发育了辫状河三角洲沉积相;腾格尔组上段至都红木组一段沉积时期,研究区的西南部、东南部和东北部三个地区转为扇三角洲沉积相,由下而上继承性发育。
扇体沉积主要受到了坡折带、古沟道和断层的控制。其中坡折带的发育控制了砂体的发育和分布规律,在坡折带之上的滨浅湖浅水区,发育了辫状河三角洲和扇三角洲砂体,在坡折带以下的水体迅速加深斜坡区及半深湖-深湖区发育了滑塌浊积扇砂体。
The subject formation is devided into three third grade sequences by the unconformity surfaces which are recognized by drilling data,log data and seismic data by combining method of classic sequence stratigraphy and High resolution sequence stratigraphy : sequenceⅠ, sequenceⅡand sequenceⅢ. It is further divided into six fourth grade sequences by subordinated unconformity surfaces which are recognized by precise interpretation: sequenceⅠ1,sequenceⅠ2,sequenceⅡ1,sequenceⅡ2,sequenceⅢ1 and sequenceⅢ2.Based on the fourth grade sequence framework, the short-term base-level cycles are recognized by High resolution sequence stratigraphic method.
There are fan delta facies,braided river delta facies,turbidite fan facies and lakes faciess which are recognized by petrology sedimentary facies marks and physical geography sedimentary facies marks.
Four sedimentery sources are recognized in the study area by petrology distribution and seismic reflaction characters:the NE dicretion source near by Xi19,the NW dicretion source near by Da30,the NNW dicretion source near by Xi6 and the NNW dicretion source near by Xi10.
The horizontal distribution of the faciess is devided by the horizontal distribution of sand-ground ratio、the horizontal distribution of electrofacies、the horizontal distribution of seismic facies and the horizontal distribution of seismic attribute. The fan delta facies is mainly distribute in sequenceⅢin the southwest, southeast northeast of the study area.The braided river delta facies is mainly distribute in sequenceⅠ1 to sequenceⅡ2 in the southwest, south and east of the study area.
Delta facies distribution iscontroled by the slope break,fault and channel.The fan delta facies and braided river delta facies deposite up the slope break,and the turbidite fan facies deposite down the slope break.
引文
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[2]顾家裕,范土芝.层序地层学回顾与展望[J].海相地质,2001,6(4):17.
[3]Vail P.R,Michum R.M.,Thonoson S..Seismic Stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy.part1:Seismic stratigraphy interpratition procedure [J].American Association of petroleum Geiligists,studies in geology,1987,27:1-10.
[4]Galloway W.E..Genetic stratigraphy sequence in basin analysis1:Architecture and genesis of flooding-sueface bounded depositional units [J].AAPG Bull,1989,73:125-142.
[5]Johnson J.H.,Kalaper G..North American mid-continent Devonian T-R cycles[J]. OKlahoma geological Survey Bulletin,1992,145:127-135.
[6]纪友亮.层序地层学.同济大学出版社,2007:133-141.
[7]汪彦,彭军,游李伟,等.中国高分辨率层序地层学研究现状[J].天然气地球科学, 2005,16(3):352-356.
[8]张光明,陈恭洋.高分辨率层序地层学在油层对比中的应用[J].断块油气田,2004, 11(3):30-32.
[9]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派-高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(2):90-96.
[10]樊继宗,陈林媛,张素君.高分辨率层序地层学在划分流动单元中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,2006,28(5):23-25.
[11]周祺,郑荣才,赵正文,等.高分辨率层序地层学的应用-以鄂尔多斯盆地榆林长北气田山西组2段为例[J].石油物探,2008,47(1):77-82.
[12]熊伟,邱桂强,闵伟,等.断陷湖盆基准面变化模式探讨[J].石油与天然气地质, 2008,29(3):412-417.
[13]王嗣敏,刘招君.高分辨率层序地层学在陆相地层研究中若干问题的探讨[J].地质学杂志,2004,28(2):179-184.
[14]邓宏文,王洪亮.高分辨率层序地层学对比在河流相中的应用[J].石油天然气地质, 1997,18(2):90-95.
[15]刘宗堡,马世忠,孙雨,等.三肇凹陷葡萄花油层高分辨率层序地层划分及沉积相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):399-406.
[16]吴胜和,王仲林.陆相储层流动单元研究的新思路[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2):252- 256.
[17]黄彦庆,张尚峰,张昌民,等.高分辨率层序地层学中自旋回作用的探讨[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2006,28(2):6-8.
[18]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝荣,等.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报, 2001,19(2):249-254.
[19]方勇,邓宏文,郝雪峰,等.东营三角洲高频旋回划分与浊积砂体预测[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):504-507.
[20]邱桂强.陆相断陷盆地高精度层序地层研究现状与思路[J].油气地质与采收率, 2005,12(3):1-8.
[21]赖生华,李晓宏.断陷盆地沉积体系研究新思路:从古地貌、岩性变化、水体深度到沉积体系[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):465-475.
[22]陈安清,陈洪德,向芳,等.鄂尔多斯北部山西组-上石盒子组砂岩特征及物源分析[J].成都理工大学学报,2007,34(3):305-311.
[23]陈全红,李文厚.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚古生代早-中期物源分析[J].现代地质, 2006,20(4):628-634.
[24]尉晓玮,郑晓东,李艳东,等.优选地质属性预测生物礁储集层[J].新疆石油地质, 2009,30(2):221-224.
[25]陈宝书,样午阳,刘全新,等.地震属性组合方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2): 173-176.
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