深水浮式平台集成监测技术研究
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摘要
海洋平台是海上油气开发的主要装备,但是目前我国的深海工程技术距发达国家还有很大的差距。深海开发的难度主要在于深水区域自然环境复杂,对应的灾害机理及过程中的各环境要素的模拟不能准确认知,从而对平台结构、系泊立管等柔性结构的非线性运动响应过程以及导致的损伤破坏无法把握,稍有不慎就会造成重大的安全事故。结构监测技术是通过在原型结构的关键部位安装传感器来测量结构的受力状态和响应,根据监测的数据,分析结构的安全性,保证结构的服役安全。另一方面,结构监测技术还可以用于检验我国今后自主设计的深水浮式平台结构的合理性,改进其设计理论和方法,促进在深水结构物设计方面的技术。
本文的主要工作面向深水浮式平台结构的监测技术,研究主要内容如下：通过对4类深水浮式平台的调研,总结了深水浮式平台的主要损伤结构和主要荷载；进而对浮式平台结构监测系统的做了设计,设计包括传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统和数据处理与控制子系统,在数据采集与传输子系统中设计了智能数据采集器用于对数据格式的统一处理并对数据进行备份；着重对海洋浮式平台监测中的测试技术进行了研究,测试技术研究包括对常用测试技术的研究与总结、对GPS和惯导等现代测试技术在海洋平台监测新领域中的应用进行了研究,并自行设计和研制了用于系泊系统姿态测量和立管振动测量的海洋专用自容式传感器；最后对监测软件的设计以南海流花平台为例,说明结构监测系统的监测内容、测点布置、集成方案和软件系统的构成功能并将整套监测系统在流花平台上进行了应用并得到了检验。
The offshore platform is the main equipment of the offshore oil and gas development, but now the deep-water engineering of our country can't reach the level of kilometers. The difficulty of deep-water development mainly due to the complexity of the natural environment of the deep-sea areas, and the corresponding disaster and the process of the simulation of various environmental factors can't be accurately cognitive. The Nonlinear motion response process of the platform structure, flexible structure like mooring and riser, which lead to the damage and failure can't be grasped and that will be the major accidents in production. Structure monitoring technology is a method that installs some sensors in the key parts of the prototype structure to measure the state and response of structure, through analyzing the safety of the structure to ensure the security of the structure. On the other hand, structural monitoring technology can also be used to test the rationality of the structure of ourselves' designed deep-water floating platform in the future, improve the theory and methods of deep-water floating platform design, and promote the technological progress of the design of deep-water floating structures.
The paper presents the research of monitoring technology for deep-water floating platform structure, the main research contents are bellows:Through the review of the four categories of deep-water floating platform, the major damage of deep-water floating platform structure and their main loads are summarized; And then a floating platform structure monitoring system is designed, which includes the sensor subsystem, data acquisition and transmission subsystem, and data processing and control subsystem. An Intelligent Data Acquisition Senor is designed which is used for unified the data formats and data backup in data acquisition and transmission subsystem; deep-water floating platform's testing techniques are researched, testing techniques researches include commonly used testing techniques, modern test technology such as GPS and inertial navigation in the new areas of offshore platform monitoring, Designed and developed for the mooring system, attitude measurement and vibration measurements of umbilical cable to Ocean self-contained sensors
本文的主要工作面向深水浮式平台结构的监测技术,研究主要内容如下：通过对4类深水浮式平台的调研,总结了深水浮式平台的主要损伤结构和主要荷载；进而对浮式平台结构监测系统的做了设计,设计包括传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统和数据处理与控制子系统,在数据采集与传输子系统中设计了智能数据采集器用于对数据格式的统一处理并对数据进行备份；着重对海洋浮式平台监测中的测试技术进行了研究,测试技术研究包括对常用测试技术的研究与总结、对GPS和惯导等现代测试技术在海洋平台监测新领域中的应用进行了研究,并自行设计和研制了用于系泊系统姿态测量和立管振动测量的海洋专用自容式传感器；最后对监测软件的设计以南海流花平台为例,说明结构监测系统的监测内容、测点布置、集成方案和软件系统的构成功能并将整套监测系统在流花平台上进行了应用并得到了检验。
The offshore platform is the main equipment of the offshore oil and gas development, but now the deep-water engineering of our country can't reach the level of kilometers. The difficulty of deep-water development mainly due to the complexity of the natural environment of the deep-sea areas, and the corresponding disaster and the process of the simulation of various environmental factors can't be accurately cognitive. The Nonlinear motion response process of the platform structure, flexible structure like mooring and riser, which lead to the damage and failure can't be grasped and that will be the major accidents in production. Structure monitoring technology is a method that installs some sensors in the key parts of the prototype structure to measure the state and response of structure, through analyzing the safety of the structure to ensure the security of the structure. On the other hand, structural monitoring technology can also be used to test the rationality of the structure of ourselves' designed deep-water floating platform in the future, improve the theory and methods of deep-water floating platform design, and promote the technological progress of the design of deep-water floating structures.
The paper presents the research of monitoring technology for deep-water floating platform structure, the main research contents are bellows:Through the review of the four categories of deep-water floating platform, the major damage of deep-water floating platform structure and their main loads are summarized; And then a floating platform structure monitoring system is designed, which includes the sensor subsystem, data acquisition and transmission subsystem, and data processing and control subsystem. An Intelligent Data Acquisition Senor is designed which is used for unified the data formats and data backup in data acquisition and transmission subsystem; deep-water floating platform's testing techniques are researched, testing techniques researches include commonly used testing techniques, modern test technology such as GPS and inertial navigation in the new areas of offshore platform monitoring, Designed and developed for the mooring system, attitude measurement and vibration measurements of umbilical cable to Ocean self-contained sensors
引文
[1]高妮.南海划界纠纷中维护我国海洋权益问题的研究[D].广州：中国海洋大学,2009.
[2]周俊.深水海底管道S型铺管形态及施工工艺研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
[3]Kim, H.Y., Sensors and systems for structural health monitoring[G]. Google Patents,2006.
[4]Van den Boom H, Koning J, Aalberts P, Offshore monitoring:real world data for design, engineering and operation[C], OTC17172,2005.
[5]宋剑.海洋平台结构在偶然灾害作用下的可靠性研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005.
[6]Edwards, R., et al. Review Of 17 Real-Time, Environment, Response, And Integrity Monitoring Systems On Floating Production Platforms In The Deep Waters Of The Gulf Of Mexico[C].25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Hamburg, Germany,June 4-9,2006
[7]Van Di jk R, Van den Boom H. Full scale monitoring Marco Polo tension leg platform[C]. 6th OMAE,2007.
[8]Perego R N, Li G, Beynet P A. The Marlin TLP:Measured and Predicted responses during Hurricane Ivan[C]. Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas,2005.
[9]李润培,谢永和,舒志.深海平台技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国海洋平台,2003.18(3)：1-5.
[10]杨冬平.海洋导管架平台安全数字化技术研究[D].北京：中国石油大学,2010.
[11]欧进萍,段忠东,王刚.海冰作用下平台结构自激振动的参数分析与响应的数值计算.工程力学,2001.18(5)：8-17.
[12]邹星.张力腿平台整体式负压基础设计研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008.
[13]李飒,李忠刚,韩志强,王虎,黄建川.TLP平台锚泊系统和锚固基础的发展状况[J].海洋科学,2009.33(3)：80-83.
[14]杨雄文,樊洪海,TLP平台结构型式及其总体性能分析[J].石油机械,2008,36(5)：70-73.
[15]张智,董艳秋,芮光六.一种新型的深海采油平台Spar[J].中国海洋平台,2004(06)：29-35.
[16]徐琦.Truss Spar平台简介[J].中国造船,2002(z1)：125-131.
[17]张帆,杨建民,李润培.Spar平台的发展趋势及其关键技术[J].中国海洋平台,2005,20(2)：6-11
[18]蔡永光.深水半潜平台结构响应研究.大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[19]刘志刚.GM-Lift半潜式平台立柱的结构设计与强度分析研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2006.
[20]时军.海洋平台上的风荷载计算研究[D],大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[21]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005.
[22]Garcia G C, Cortes R J J, Valle M 0. Deep water current observations in Lankahuasa area in the Mexican Gulf of Mexico.25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering[C].Hamburg, Germany,2006.
[23]B, Mekha B, New Frontiersinthe Design of Steel Catenary Risers for Floating Production Systems[J]. Journal of Offshore Technology,2001 (123):153.
[24]LIM D F, Howells D H., Deep water riser VIV, fatigue and monitoring, Deepwater Pipeline & Riser Technology Conference[C]. Houston, USA,2000:6-9.
[25]黄维平,李华军.深水开发的新型立管系统—钢悬链线立管(SCR).中国海洋大学学报,自然科学版,2006,36(005)：775-780.
[26]DALE N M, Bridge C D. Measured VIV response of a deepwater SCR. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C]. Lisbon, Portugal,2007(17).
[27]Mekha, Basim B. On the wave and VIV fatigue of steel catenary risers connected to floating structures.21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering[C]. Oslo, Norway,2002.
[28]朱峰.深水结构现场监测系统与监测技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[29]杨海艳.风力发电机电控系统可靠性的研究[D].陕西：陕西科技大学,2010.
[30]翟锡亮.声传播时间海流计的技术研究[D],哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[31]王建华,敬大德,曹少飞.基于双悬臂梁结构的应变测量传感器研究[J].传感技术学报,2005.18(3)：589-595.
[32]胡云.GPS卫星定位技术及其在工程测量中的应用[J].科技创业月刊,2010(7)：133-124.
[33]夏熙梅.差分GPS定位技术及应用[J].现代情报,2002,22(3)：99-100.
[34]黄金山.GPS/SINS/SAR组合导航系统信息融合及误差修正技术研究[D],西安电子科技大学,Editor.2010.
[35]API Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of Stationkeeping Systems for Floating Structures [Z]. DRAFT, May,1994.
[36]L, August 0 B, Andrade B. Anehor deployment for deepwater floating offshore equipments. Ocean Engineering[J],2003(30):611-624.
[37]Jacques, R., T. Clarke, S. Morikawa. Monitoring the structural integrity of a flexible riser during dynamic loading with a combination of non-destructive testing methods. NDT and International[J],2010,43:51-506.
[38]MAHESHWARI H, RUF W, WALTERS D. Riser integrity monitoring techniques and data processing methods. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C]. Vancouver, BC, Canada,2008.
[39]Pei AN, Neil Willis, Steve Hatton. Standalone Subsea Data Monitoring System. The 6th Underwater Science Symposium Aberdeen University[C], Scotland, UK,2003.
[40]曾永红.曾延安,易新建.高性能自容式下井计的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2002(02)：18-24.
[41]武东生,张齐.海洋站数据采集器的设计要点[J].海洋技术,2001,20(1)：59-61.
[42]陈萌萌,邵贝贝.单片机系统的低功耗设计策略[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006(35)：30-34.
[43]胡泽明,王志刚,岳春生.嵌入式GIS系统软件的低功耗设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(3)：15-17.
[44]任晓荣.单片机系统可靠性设计[J].计算机测量和控制,2003,11(8)：621-626.
[45]杨冠群.智能传感器中MCU的节电设计[J].传感器技术,2005,24(8)：41-43.
[46]张波,黄长穆.南海流花11-1油田工程简介[J].中国海上油气,1996,8(4)：61-62.
[2]周俊.深水海底管道S型铺管形态及施工工艺研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
[3]Kim, H.Y., Sensors and systems for structural health monitoring[G]. Google Patents,2006.
[4]Van den Boom H, Koning J, Aalberts P, Offshore monitoring:real world data for design, engineering and operation[C], OTC17172,2005.
[5]宋剑.海洋平台结构在偶然灾害作用下的可靠性研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005.
[6]Edwards, R., et al. Review Of 17 Real-Time, Environment, Response, And Integrity Monitoring Systems On Floating Production Platforms In The Deep Waters Of The Gulf Of Mexico[C].25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Hamburg, Germany,June 4-9,2006
[7]Van Di jk R, Van den Boom H. Full scale monitoring Marco Polo tension leg platform[C]. 6th OMAE,2007.
[8]Perego R N, Li G, Beynet P A. The Marlin TLP:Measured and Predicted responses during Hurricane Ivan[C]. Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas,2005.
[9]李润培,谢永和,舒志.深海平台技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国海洋平台,2003.18(3)：1-5.
[10]杨冬平.海洋导管架平台安全数字化技术研究[D].北京：中国石油大学,2010.
[11]欧进萍,段忠东,王刚.海冰作用下平台结构自激振动的参数分析与响应的数值计算.工程力学,2001.18(5)：8-17.
[12]邹星.张力腿平台整体式负压基础设计研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008.
[13]李飒,李忠刚,韩志强,王虎,黄建川.TLP平台锚泊系统和锚固基础的发展状况[J].海洋科学,2009.33(3)：80-83.
[14]杨雄文,樊洪海,TLP平台结构型式及其总体性能分析[J].石油机械,2008,36(5)：70-73.
[15]张智,董艳秋,芮光六.一种新型的深海采油平台Spar[J].中国海洋平台,2004(06)：29-35.
[16]徐琦.Truss Spar平台简介[J].中国造船,2002(z1)：125-131.
[17]张帆,杨建民,李润培.Spar平台的发展趋势及其关键技术[J].中国海洋平台,2005,20(2)：6-11
[18]蔡永光.深水半潜平台结构响应研究.大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[19]刘志刚.GM-Lift半潜式平台立柱的结构设计与强度分析研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2006.
[20]时军.海洋平台上的风荷载计算研究[D],大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[21]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005.
[22]Garcia G C, Cortes R J J, Valle M 0. Deep water current observations in Lankahuasa area in the Mexican Gulf of Mexico.25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering[C].Hamburg, Germany,2006.
[23]B, Mekha B, New Frontiersinthe Design of Steel Catenary Risers for Floating Production Systems[J]. Journal of Offshore Technology,2001 (123):153.
[24]LIM D F, Howells D H., Deep water riser VIV, fatigue and monitoring, Deepwater Pipeline & Riser Technology Conference[C]. Houston, USA,2000:6-9.
[25]黄维平,李华军.深水开发的新型立管系统—钢悬链线立管(SCR).中国海洋大学学报,自然科学版,2006,36(005)：775-780.
[26]DALE N M, Bridge C D. Measured VIV response of a deepwater SCR. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C]. Lisbon, Portugal,2007(17).
[27]Mekha, Basim B. On the wave and VIV fatigue of steel catenary risers connected to floating structures.21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering[C]. Oslo, Norway,2002.
[28]朱峰.深水结构现场监测系统与监测技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[29]杨海艳.风力发电机电控系统可靠性的研究[D].陕西：陕西科技大学,2010.
[30]翟锡亮.声传播时间海流计的技术研究[D],哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[31]王建华,敬大德,曹少飞.基于双悬臂梁结构的应变测量传感器研究[J].传感技术学报,2005.18(3)：589-595.
[32]胡云.GPS卫星定位技术及其在工程测量中的应用[J].科技创业月刊,2010(7)：133-124.
[33]夏熙梅.差分GPS定位技术及应用[J].现代情报,2002,22(3)：99-100.
[34]黄金山.GPS/SINS/SAR组合导航系统信息融合及误差修正技术研究[D],西安电子科技大学,Editor.2010.
[35]API Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of Stationkeeping Systems for Floating Structures [Z]. DRAFT, May,1994.
[36]L, August 0 B, Andrade B. Anehor deployment for deepwater floating offshore equipments. Ocean Engineering[J],2003(30):611-624.
[37]Jacques, R., T. Clarke, S. Morikawa. Monitoring the structural integrity of a flexible riser during dynamic loading with a combination of non-destructive testing methods. NDT and International[J],2010,43:51-506.
[38]MAHESHWARI H, RUF W, WALTERS D. Riser integrity monitoring techniques and data processing methods. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C]. Vancouver, BC, Canada,2008.
[39]Pei AN, Neil Willis, Steve Hatton. Standalone Subsea Data Monitoring System. The 6th Underwater Science Symposium Aberdeen University[C], Scotland, UK,2003.
[40]曾永红.曾延安,易新建.高性能自容式下井计的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2002(02)：18-24.
[41]武东生,张齐.海洋站数据采集器的设计要点[J].海洋技术,2001,20(1)：59-61.
[42]陈萌萌,邵贝贝.单片机系统的低功耗设计策略[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006(35)：30-34.
[43]胡泽明,王志刚,岳春生.嵌入式GIS系统软件的低功耗设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(3)：15-17.
[44]任晓荣.单片机系统可靠性设计[J].计算机测量和控制,2003,11(8)：621-626.
[45]杨冠群.智能传感器中MCU的节电设计[J].传感器技术,2005,24(8)：41-43.
[46]张波,黄长穆.南海流花11-1油田工程简介[J].中国海上油气,1996,8(4)：61-62.