FPSO软刚臂系泊系统运动分析及减振研究
摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,能源需求量日益增长,能源短缺问题已经成为制约各国经济发展的瓶颈。近年来陆上石油天然气的长期、大规模开采,导致油气资源不断枯竭。世界各国已把焦点投向了拥有丰富油气资源的海洋。
作为高技术、高附加值和最有应用前景的海洋装备FPSO,已经成为我国海上油气开发最重要的设施。经过几十年来发展,国外公司对于FPSO的关键技术研究趋于成熟,国内相关研究机构起步较晚,在消化吸收国外先进技术的基础上,突破了一些技术难关,取得一些领先性成果,但对于FPSO整体系统分析设计缺乏实际工程经验,尤其是近年来发生的多起由于系泊系统失效造成的系泊故障案例,说明对于FPSO关键技术之一的“单点系泊系统设计”缺乏相关理论分析和试验研究。
本文以渤中25-1油田的渤海明珠号FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统为工程背景,通过现场监测,发现明珠号FPSO的软刚臂单点系泊系统在海洋环境作用下经常会发生共振效应。提出软刚臂系泊系统设计中存在的缺陷,对其引起共振的原因进行了机理性研究,找出发生共振的关键因素。在不影响结构系泊刚度的前提下,通过将压载水箱改造成具有减振装置的TLD系统,以达到减振的目的。建立了系泊系统的运动方程,采用实测船体位移功率谱作为输入,通过复模态分析方法和虚拟激励法对结构动力特性进行分析,针对减振效果对水箱尺寸进行参数化分析。本文的研究工作不仅论证了TLD减振装置在软刚臂结构系统中使用的可行性,对我国掌握FPSO整体系统的设计分析有一定的指导意义,同时也为下一步开展软刚臂半实物仿真减振模型试验提供有价值的参考依据。
With the rapid development of national economy and the increasing demand for energy, energy shortage has become a bottleneck which impedes the further development of economy. In recent years, due to the long-term and large-scale exploitation of onshore oil and gas, the precious natural resources are on the brink of depletion. All countries in the world have turned their attention to the ocean which is rich in oil and gas resources.
As the offshore equipment with advanced technology, high added value and most promising application potentiality, FPSO has become the most crucial facilities for exploiting oil and gas. After decades of development, the studies on FPSO made by foreign companies tend to be mature. Although the relevant domestic researches started late, they have broke through several technical difficulties and made some leading results on the basis of the foreign advanced technologies. However, China is still lack of practical engineering experience about the analysis and design of overall FPSO system. Recently, there were several mooring failure cases which were caused by the mooring system breakdown. It illustrates that more theoretical and experimental researches about the design of single point mooring system are necessary to carry on.
This paper is based on Bohai Mingzhu's soft yoke single point mooring system in Bozhong25-1oilfield. With site monitoring, it is found that soft yoke mooring system resonates frequently in the marine environment. The flaws of steel arm mooring system are summarized. Then the mechanism research is carried out to figure out the reason which results in the resonance. Without affecting the stiffness of mooring, the ballast tank is transformed into TLD system with vibration damper for the purpose of shock absorption. First, created the equation of motion of the mooring system, then took the measured power spectrum of hull displacement as input variables, gotten the structure characteristic and dynamic response through the complex modal analysis method and the pseudo-excitation method. This paper demonstrates the possibility of applying TLD system to soft yoke mooring system, and provides theory basis for the hardware-in-loop simulation damping experiment of soft yoke in the future.
作为高技术、高附加值和最有应用前景的海洋装备FPSO,已经成为我国海上油气开发最重要的设施。经过几十年来发展,国外公司对于FPSO的关键技术研究趋于成熟,国内相关研究机构起步较晚,在消化吸收国外先进技术的基础上,突破了一些技术难关,取得一些领先性成果,但对于FPSO整体系统分析设计缺乏实际工程经验,尤其是近年来发生的多起由于系泊系统失效造成的系泊故障案例,说明对于FPSO关键技术之一的“单点系泊系统设计”缺乏相关理论分析和试验研究。
本文以渤中25-1油田的渤海明珠号FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统为工程背景,通过现场监测,发现明珠号FPSO的软刚臂单点系泊系统在海洋环境作用下经常会发生共振效应。提出软刚臂系泊系统设计中存在的缺陷,对其引起共振的原因进行了机理性研究,找出发生共振的关键因素。在不影响结构系泊刚度的前提下,通过将压载水箱改造成具有减振装置的TLD系统,以达到减振的目的。建立了系泊系统的运动方程,采用实测船体位移功率谱作为输入,通过复模态分析方法和虚拟激励法对结构动力特性进行分析,针对减振效果对水箱尺寸进行参数化分析。本文的研究工作不仅论证了TLD减振装置在软刚臂结构系统中使用的可行性,对我国掌握FPSO整体系统的设计分析有一定的指导意义,同时也为下一步开展软刚臂半实物仿真减振模型试验提供有价值的参考依据。
With the rapid development of national economy and the increasing demand for energy, energy shortage has become a bottleneck which impedes the further development of economy. In recent years, due to the long-term and large-scale exploitation of onshore oil and gas, the precious natural resources are on the brink of depletion. All countries in the world have turned their attention to the ocean which is rich in oil and gas resources.
As the offshore equipment with advanced technology, high added value and most promising application potentiality, FPSO has become the most crucial facilities for exploiting oil and gas. After decades of development, the studies on FPSO made by foreign companies tend to be mature. Although the relevant domestic researches started late, they have broke through several technical difficulties and made some leading results on the basis of the foreign advanced technologies. However, China is still lack of practical engineering experience about the analysis and design of overall FPSO system. Recently, there were several mooring failure cases which were caused by the mooring system breakdown. It illustrates that more theoretical and experimental researches about the design of single point mooring system are necessary to carry on.
This paper is based on Bohai Mingzhu's soft yoke single point mooring system in Bozhong25-1oilfield. With site monitoring, it is found that soft yoke mooring system resonates frequently in the marine environment. The flaws of steel arm mooring system are summarized. Then the mechanism research is carried out to figure out the reason which results in the resonance. Without affecting the stiffness of mooring, the ballast tank is transformed into TLD system with vibration damper for the purpose of shock absorption. First, created the equation of motion of the mooring system, then took the measured power spectrum of hull displacement as input variables, gotten the structure characteristic and dynamic response through the complex modal analysis method and the pseudo-excitation method. This paper demonstrates the possibility of applying TLD system to soft yoke mooring system, and provides theory basis for the hardware-in-loop simulation damping experiment of soft yoke in the future.
引文
[1]王芳.加强海洋资源开发,促进社会经济可持续发展[J].国土资源.2002,(7)：22-24.
[2]Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Handbook of offshore engineering[M].2005.
[3]李国荣.我国深水石油钻采装备现状及发展建议[J].石油机械,2009,37(8)：87-91.
[3]徐华.深海石油之争[J].中国船检,2009, (07)：23-27.
[4]张媛,赵树耕,FPSO的发展概况及趋势[J],中国造船,2004,Vol,45,pp.12-18.
[5]陈立,钱茹.FPSO对开发边际油田的商业价值.中国海洋平台.1999,14(5)：6-9.
[6]马延德.浮式生产储油船(FPSO)设计建造研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[7]徐亦斌,内转塔式FPSO局部强度分析研究[J],中国海洋平台,2004,Vol.13,No.3,pp.13-16.
[8]李欣,软钢臂系泊FPSO水动力响应研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2005.
[9]袁中立,李春.FPSO的现状与关键技术.石油工程建设.2005,31(6)：24-30.
[10]Lindsey Wilhoit and Chad Supan of Mustang Engineering.2010 Worldwide Survey of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Units. Chris Jones of Xenon Group.2010.
[11]陈慧民,加快技术创新促进我国海洋工程开发,中国海洋平台,Vol.14,No.3,pp.4-7.
[12]王艳杰,渤海海域FPSO过驳作业安全保障技术研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011.
[13]李玉成,海洋工程技术的新发展,中国海洋平台,1998,Vol.13,No.1,pp.9-12.
[14]茅永峻,茅九岗,告诉发展中的FPSO产业及对策,中国海洋平台,1988,Vol.13,No.4,pp.4-8.
[15]董艳秋等,深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应,天津大学出版社,2005.
[16]陈小弟.我国浮式生产储油船(FPSO)的开发现状.船舶.2003.
[17]吕立功,景勇,温宝贵.FPSO系泊系统设计上的考虑[J].中国造船,2005,46(z1)：67-75
[18]Brown M G, Hall T D, Marr D G, et al. Floating Production Mooring Integrity JIP-Key Findings[J]. Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC-17499,2005, Houston, USA.
[19]刘应中,缪国平.系泊系统动力分析的时域方法[J].上海交通大学学报,1997,33(11)：7-12.
[20]黎春,周家齐,冯柯来.FPSO系泊和定位方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,36(2)：45-48.
[21]景勇.两种不同系泊系统的风险对比[J].中国造船,2007,(11)
[22]王国强,盛振邦.船舶推进[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1985.
[23]唐永刚,毛晖.超大型FPSO软轭架转塔式单点系泊系统设计研究[J].船舶工程,2010,32(6)：60-64.
[24]Naciri M. and J.-P. Queau. The Soft Yoke Mooring and Offloading System for LNG offloading applications [C]. Mexico:22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2003.
[25]Gunter F. C., Florian S., Daniel T., Sven H. and Roland H.. Motion Behaviour of a New Offshore LNG Transfer System at Harsh Operational Conditions [C]. USA:28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering,2009.
[26]Pollack J.. Passive Tandem Mooring LNG Offloading System [C]. Proceedings of 2000 Gastech Conference,2000.
[27]Naciri M. and L. Poldervaart. Design aspects of SPM LNG Terminals in Shallow Water [C]. Proceedings of 2004 Offshore Technology Conference,2004:Paper OTC 16715.
[28]Vandiver J. K. and Mitome S. Effect of Liquid Storage Tanks on The Dynamic Response of Offshore Platform[J]. Applied Ocean Research,1978,1:67-74.
[29]张力,导管架海洋平台冰激振动控制的实验研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[30]李宏男,马百存.固定式海洋平台利用TLD减振研究[J].海洋工程,1996,14(3)：91-96.
[31]Dong S, Li H J, Takayama. T. Suppression of wave-excited. Vibration of Offshore Plantform by Use of Tuned Liquid Dampers[J]. China ocean Engineering,2001,15 (2):165-176.
[32]李宏南,闫石等.水箱减振理论与试验的国内外现状.沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1995,11(3)
[33]Housner G W. Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluid container[J]. Bult Seism. Soc. Am.1957,47 (1):15-35.
[34]Fujino Y. Sun L M. Pacheco B M. et. Al. Tuned liquid damper (TLD) for suppressing horizontal motion of structures[J]. Journal of Engineering Mech, ASCE,1992,118 (10):2017-2030.
[35]Werner P W and Sundquist K J. On hydrodynamic earthquake effects. Transaction of the American Geophysical Union,1949,30 (5):636_657.
[36]Won A Y J, Pires J A and Haroun M A. Performance assessment of tuned liquid column dampers under random seismic loading. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,1997,32 (4):745-748.
[37]王肇民.高耸结构振动控制.上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[38]井秦阳.大连国贸大厦高层水箱减振控制研究及应用：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[39]贾影,李宏男,李玉成.调谐阻尼器液体动水压力的模拟.[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(3)：82-87.
[40]李建俊.随机地震响应分析的虚拟激励法[D].大连理工大学工程力学研究所博士论文,1994年6月.
[41]Lin J H, Zhang W S and Williams F W. Pseudo excitation algorithm for nonstationary random seismic response[J]. Engineering structures,1994,16 (4):270-276.
[42]林家浩,随机地震响应功率谱快速算法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1990,10(4)：131-136.
[2]Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Handbook of offshore engineering[M].2005.
[3]李国荣.我国深水石油钻采装备现状及发展建议[J].石油机械,2009,37(8)：87-91.
[3]徐华.深海石油之争[J].中国船检,2009, (07)：23-27.
[4]张媛,赵树耕,FPSO的发展概况及趋势[J],中国造船,2004,Vol,45,pp.12-18.
[5]陈立,钱茹.FPSO对开发边际油田的商业价值.中国海洋平台.1999,14(5)：6-9.
[6]马延德.浮式生产储油船(FPSO)设计建造研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[7]徐亦斌,内转塔式FPSO局部强度分析研究[J],中国海洋平台,2004,Vol.13,No.3,pp.13-16.
[8]李欣,软钢臂系泊FPSO水动力响应研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2005.
[9]袁中立,李春.FPSO的现状与关键技术.石油工程建设.2005,31(6)：24-30.
[10]Lindsey Wilhoit and Chad Supan of Mustang Engineering.2010 Worldwide Survey of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Units. Chris Jones of Xenon Group.2010.
[11]陈慧民,加快技术创新促进我国海洋工程开发,中国海洋平台,Vol.14,No.3,pp.4-7.
[12]王艳杰,渤海海域FPSO过驳作业安全保障技术研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011.
[13]李玉成,海洋工程技术的新发展,中国海洋平台,1998,Vol.13,No.1,pp.9-12.
[14]茅永峻,茅九岗,告诉发展中的FPSO产业及对策,中国海洋平台,1988,Vol.13,No.4,pp.4-8.
[15]董艳秋等,深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应,天津大学出版社,2005.
[16]陈小弟.我国浮式生产储油船(FPSO)的开发现状.船舶.2003.
[17]吕立功,景勇,温宝贵.FPSO系泊系统设计上的考虑[J].中国造船,2005,46(z1)：67-75
[18]Brown M G, Hall T D, Marr D G, et al. Floating Production Mooring Integrity JIP-Key Findings[J]. Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC-17499,2005, Houston, USA.
[19]刘应中,缪国平.系泊系统动力分析的时域方法[J].上海交通大学学报,1997,33(11)：7-12.
[20]黎春,周家齐,冯柯来.FPSO系泊和定位方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,36(2)：45-48.
[21]景勇.两种不同系泊系统的风险对比[J].中国造船,2007,(11)
[22]王国强,盛振邦.船舶推进[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1985.
[23]唐永刚,毛晖.超大型FPSO软轭架转塔式单点系泊系统设计研究[J].船舶工程,2010,32(6)：60-64.
[24]Naciri M. and J.-P. Queau. The Soft Yoke Mooring and Offloading System for LNG offloading applications [C]. Mexico:22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2003.
[25]Gunter F. C., Florian S., Daniel T., Sven H. and Roland H.. Motion Behaviour of a New Offshore LNG Transfer System at Harsh Operational Conditions [C]. USA:28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering,2009.
[26]Pollack J.. Passive Tandem Mooring LNG Offloading System [C]. Proceedings of 2000 Gastech Conference,2000.
[27]Naciri M. and L. Poldervaart. Design aspects of SPM LNG Terminals in Shallow Water [C]. Proceedings of 2004 Offshore Technology Conference,2004:Paper OTC 16715.
[28]Vandiver J. K. and Mitome S. Effect of Liquid Storage Tanks on The Dynamic Response of Offshore Platform[J]. Applied Ocean Research,1978,1:67-74.
[29]张力,导管架海洋平台冰激振动控制的实验研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[30]李宏男,马百存.固定式海洋平台利用TLD减振研究[J].海洋工程,1996,14(3)：91-96.
[31]Dong S, Li H J, Takayama. T. Suppression of wave-excited. Vibration of Offshore Plantform by Use of Tuned Liquid Dampers[J]. China ocean Engineering,2001,15 (2):165-176.
[32]李宏南,闫石等.水箱减振理论与试验的国内外现状.沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1995,11(3)
[33]Housner G W. Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluid container[J]. Bult Seism. Soc. Am.1957,47 (1):15-35.
[34]Fujino Y. Sun L M. Pacheco B M. et. Al. Tuned liquid damper (TLD) for suppressing horizontal motion of structures[J]. Journal of Engineering Mech, ASCE,1992,118 (10):2017-2030.
[35]Werner P W and Sundquist K J. On hydrodynamic earthquake effects. Transaction of the American Geophysical Union,1949,30 (5):636_657.
[36]Won A Y J, Pires J A and Haroun M A. Performance assessment of tuned liquid column dampers under random seismic loading. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,1997,32 (4):745-748.
[37]王肇民.高耸结构振动控制.上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[38]井秦阳.大连国贸大厦高层水箱减振控制研究及应用：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[39]贾影,李宏男,李玉成.调谐阻尼器液体动水压力的模拟.[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(3)：82-87.
[40]李建俊.随机地震响应分析的虚拟激励法[D].大连理工大学工程力学研究所博士论文,1994年6月.
[41]Lin J H, Zhang W S and Williams F W. Pseudo excitation algorithm for nonstationary random seismic response[J]. Engineering structures,1994,16 (4):270-276.
[42]林家浩,随机地震响应功率谱快速算法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1990,10(4)：131-136.