沙子口湾及其邻近水域渔业生物多样性的调查研究
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摘要
根据2006年5月～2007年5月逐月采集青岛沙子口近海作业的定置网具渔获物的分析与测定,记述了该海区出现的98种渔业生物,并进行了定置网渔获物组成的分析,分析了种类组成特点及生物多样性的季节变化情况。结果表明,本调查区域渔获物以小型低值鱼类、经济无脊椎动物和经济幼鱼为主,渔获个体偏小。据此提出了保护近海生物多样性与合理利用近海渔业资源的一些建议。
本研究的主要结果如下:
(1)沙子口湾及其邻近水域共出现98种渔业生物,其中鱼类56种,甲壳类28种,头足类6种,其他种类8种。
(2)调查中捕获56种鱼类全部为硬骨鱼类。其中暖温性种占47%,暖水性种占32%,冷温性种占21%;定居型鱼类占52%,洄游型鱼类48%;中上层鱼类占16%,底层、近底层鱼类占84%。共捕获甲壳类28种,主要以鹰爪虾、葛氏长臂虾、日本鼓虾、鲜明鼓虾和双斑蟳为主。共捕获头足类6种,主要以短蛸、长蛸和日本枪乌贼为主。
(3)本调查区域优势种以小型低值鱼类(鳀鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、玉筋鱼、方氏云鳚等)、经济无脊椎动物(鹰爪虾、口虾蛄、葛氏长臂虾、短蛸、长蛸)和经济幼鱼(小黄鱼)为主,以上优势种交替出现构成渔汛季节的主要生产捕捞对象。
(4)生物多样性指数的计算结果表明,2006年8月渔业生物种类数出现最多,为31种,2006年12月出现最少,为20种;以重量计Margalef种类丰富度指数D以2006年6月最高,之后为2007年1月和5月,2006年9月最低;以重量计均匀度J'以2006年12月最高,5月最低;以重量计多样性指数H' 2007年1月最高,2006年5月最低
(5)对主要渔业生物体长组成和体重组成的分析结果表明,小黄鱼、叫姑鱼、绿鳍鱼、鹰爪虾、口虾蛄等渔获个体偏小,主要以当年生幼鱼和小虾为主。
The paper is based on the setnet catch data in ShaZiKou Bay and its neighbouring waters from May, 2006 to May, 2007. There were 99 species recorded. The catch composition of the setnet fishing gear were analyzed, the seasonal variations of biodiversity were analyzed. The results showed that the catches in the study area consisted of juveniles of the commercial fishes, small low-value fishes, and commercial invertebrates. The fish sizes were generally small. On the basis of the results, we made some suggestions to conserve the near-shore biodiversity and to rationally utilize the coastal fishery resources.
The most important results are as follows:
(1) There are 98 species recorded in the ShaZiKou Bay and its neighboring waters, including 56 fish species, 28 crustacean species , 6 cephalopod species and 8 other species.
(2) In this investigation, 56 fish species are caught, with warm temperature species, warm water species and cold temperature species accounting for 47.0%, 32.0% and 21.0%. The settling species and the migratory species account for 52.0% and 48.0%. The pelagic species accounts for 16.0%, while the demersal species amounts to 84.0%. 28 crustacean species are caught, and the main species are Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Palaemon gravieri, Alpheus japonicus, Alpheus heterocarpus and charybdis bimaculata. 6 cephalopod species are caught, and the main species are Octopus ocellatus ,Octopus variabilis and Loligo japonica.
(3) The dominant species in the study area consist of small low-value fishes (such as Engraulis japanicus, Thryssa kammalensis, Ammodytes personatus, Enedrias fangi etc.)、commercial invertebrates (such as Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Palaemon gravieri, Octopus ocellatus, Octopus variabilis) and juveniles of commercial fishes (such as Pseudosciaena polyactis, Argyrosomus argentatus). These dominant species appear by turns. They make up the most catches in the fishing seasons.
(4) The number of species are the largest in August 2006, with the number of 31, while the number of species are the smallest in December 2006 with the number of 20. The species richness index (D) is highest in June 2006 (2.927) and lowest in September 2006 (2.200). When it comes to Shannon-Wiener index (H'), the highest value appears in January 2007 (2.479), and the lowest value appears in May 2006 (1.673). When the species evenness index (J') is concerned, it is highest in December 2006 (0.800) and lowest in May 2006 (0.533).
(5) The length composition and weight composition of the catch are studied. The results show that the sizes of individuals of Pseudosciaena polyactis, Johnius belengeri, Chelidonichthys kumu, Trachypenaeus, Oratosquilla oratoria are very small, most of which are juveniles and small shrimps.
本研究的主要结果如下:
(1)沙子口湾及其邻近水域共出现98种渔业生物,其中鱼类56种,甲壳类28种,头足类6种,其他种类8种。
(2)调查中捕获56种鱼类全部为硬骨鱼类。其中暖温性种占47%,暖水性种占32%,冷温性种占21%;定居型鱼类占52%,洄游型鱼类48%;中上层鱼类占16%,底层、近底层鱼类占84%。共捕获甲壳类28种,主要以鹰爪虾、葛氏长臂虾、日本鼓虾、鲜明鼓虾和双斑蟳为主。共捕获头足类6种,主要以短蛸、长蛸和日本枪乌贼为主。
(3)本调查区域优势种以小型低值鱼类(鳀鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、玉筋鱼、方氏云鳚等)、经济无脊椎动物(鹰爪虾、口虾蛄、葛氏长臂虾、短蛸、长蛸)和经济幼鱼(小黄鱼)为主,以上优势种交替出现构成渔汛季节的主要生产捕捞对象。
(4)生物多样性指数的计算结果表明,2006年8月渔业生物种类数出现最多,为31种,2006年12月出现最少,为20种;以重量计Margalef种类丰富度指数D以2006年6月最高,之后为2007年1月和5月,2006年9月最低;以重量计均匀度J'以2006年12月最高,5月最低;以重量计多样性指数H' 2007年1月最高,2006年5月最低
(5)对主要渔业生物体长组成和体重组成的分析结果表明,小黄鱼、叫姑鱼、绿鳍鱼、鹰爪虾、口虾蛄等渔获个体偏小,主要以当年生幼鱼和小虾为主。
The paper is based on the setnet catch data in ShaZiKou Bay and its neighbouring waters from May, 2006 to May, 2007. There were 99 species recorded. The catch composition of the setnet fishing gear were analyzed, the seasonal variations of biodiversity were analyzed. The results showed that the catches in the study area consisted of juveniles of the commercial fishes, small low-value fishes, and commercial invertebrates. The fish sizes were generally small. On the basis of the results, we made some suggestions to conserve the near-shore biodiversity and to rationally utilize the coastal fishery resources.
The most important results are as follows:
(1) There are 98 species recorded in the ShaZiKou Bay and its neighboring waters, including 56 fish species, 28 crustacean species , 6 cephalopod species and 8 other species.
(2) In this investigation, 56 fish species are caught, with warm temperature species, warm water species and cold temperature species accounting for 47.0%, 32.0% and 21.0%. The settling species and the migratory species account for 52.0% and 48.0%. The pelagic species accounts for 16.0%, while the demersal species amounts to 84.0%. 28 crustacean species are caught, and the main species are Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Palaemon gravieri, Alpheus japonicus, Alpheus heterocarpus and charybdis bimaculata. 6 cephalopod species are caught, and the main species are Octopus ocellatus ,Octopus variabilis and Loligo japonica.
(3) The dominant species in the study area consist of small low-value fishes (such as Engraulis japanicus, Thryssa kammalensis, Ammodytes personatus, Enedrias fangi etc.)、commercial invertebrates (such as Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Palaemon gravieri, Octopus ocellatus, Octopus variabilis) and juveniles of commercial fishes (such as Pseudosciaena polyactis, Argyrosomus argentatus). These dominant species appear by turns. They make up the most catches in the fishing seasons.
(4) The number of species are the largest in August 2006, with the number of 31, while the number of species are the smallest in December 2006 with the number of 20. The species richness index (D) is highest in June 2006 (2.927) and lowest in September 2006 (2.200). When it comes to Shannon-Wiener index (H'), the highest value appears in January 2007 (2.479), and the lowest value appears in May 2006 (1.673). When the species evenness index (J') is concerned, it is highest in December 2006 (0.800) and lowest in May 2006 (0.533).
(5) The length composition and weight composition of the catch are studied. The results show that the sizes of individuals of Pseudosciaena polyactis, Johnius belengeri, Chelidonichthys kumu, Trachypenaeus, Oratosquilla oratoria are very small, most of which are juveniles and small shrimps.
引文
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