海湾资源的价值评估在海湾环境容量研究中的应用
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摘要
随着人类社会经济的发展,越来越多的人开始把眼光投向海洋,海洋所能够给人类提供的资源和能量是巨大的。但是,人们在利用海洋资源的过程中,出现了很多的问题,例如,未能对海洋资源的价值有清醒而深刻的认识,在海洋资源的利用过程中只注重眼前的短期利益,而忽略长期的利益,造成了很多海洋资源的过度开发,破坏了海洋资源的可持续性和造成了环境的严重负荷。
随着这种现象的增多,人类开始认识到海洋资源价值评估的重要性,越来越多的人开始进行这方面的研究,本文在总结前人的研究基础上,运用环境科学、海洋学、环境经济学的基本理论,结合资料查询、理论分析、社会调查和案例研究等手段,探讨海湾资源的价值评估在环境容量研究中的应用。论文取得了以下的研究成果:
第一,详细总结了前人在海湾资源价值评估中所作的工作,包括每一类资源都分别做了详细而充足的综述,通过对前人工作的总结,从而找出本篇论文的立论依据以及研究方法等技术路线。将本文所要考虑的资源划分为渔业资源,港航资源,旅游资源,浅海与滩涂资源,矿产资源五种资源。
第二,构建了海湾资源价值评估的体系。通过对前人工作的总结以及对比分析目前所存在的各种价值评估的方法,然后选择最适合中国南方海湾的评估方法,构建了厦门湾海湾资源价值评估的体系。比较分析了直接市场法、替代市场法和模拟市场法的不同评估方法,找出他们的优缺点,结合海湾的特性,选择适合每种资源的评价方法,构建了海湾资源的价值评估体系。
第三,尝试用所建立的价值评估体系对于厦门湾的资源进行评价。结果显示:厦门西海域的渔业资源价值为322.9万元,同安湾的渔业资源价值为347.1万元,厦门西海域的港航资源价值为4259.82万元,同安湾港航资源的价值为6103.43万元,厦门西海域的矿产资源价值为627.8万元,同安湾矿产资源的价值为1084.5万元,厦门整个海湾的旅游资源的价值为3.65亿元,而大型养殖资源,同安湾为18903.6万元,大嶝、小嶝海域的养殖资源价值为6125万元。
第四,在尝试案例分析的基础上进行情景分析,为了解决厦门西海域和同安湾的污水排放问题,假设将其调入东部海域或者南部海域,分析计算调入污水后对于东部海域和南部海域的资源造成的损失,然后比较分析此举对于厦门西海域和同安湾所带来的收益,对比资源的损失和环境容量的收益,从而得出可供参考的政策建议。
As the development of society and economy, more and more people began to look for the resources into the ocean, the resources and energy that provided by the sea is enormous. However, in the process of using marine resources, there were a lot of issues, for example, people had not a clear and profound understanding of the value of marine resources; in the process of usage, they had been just focusing only on the immediate short-term interests rather than long-term interests; so it caused some behaviors of over-exploitation, undermined the sustainability of marine resources and caused serious environmental load.
As things became more and more serious, people began to realize that the importance of evaluation of marine resources, and some people began to do some researches. Based on previous research, this thesis used the basic theory of environmental science, oceanography and environmental economics, combining with information inquiries, theoretical analysis, social surveys and case studies and other means to explore the application of evaluation of the marine resources in the study of environmental capacity. Paper made the following findings:
Firstly, this paper summarized the previous researches about evaluation of marine resources in detail, including doing the detail synthesis in each resources category respectively. By summing up the work of predecessors, it would find this paper's argument basis, research methods, as well as technical routes. This paper divided the resources into fishery resources, port and shoreline resources, tourism resources, shallow water and beach resources, mineral resources.
Secondly, the system of evaluation of marine resources was built. First of all, the paper summed up the work of predecessors, and then comparatively analyzed a variety of the current existent assessment methods, the last one was that it chose the most suitable assessment methods for the Gulf in south China's and constructed the system of assessment. The paper comparatively analyzed different approaches of Direct Markets Method, Alternative Markets Method and Simulated Markets Method and identified their strengths and weaknesses. Combining with the characteristics of the Gulf, it selected appropriate evaluation methods for each resource to build up the Gulf Resources Evaluation System.
Thirdly, the paper tried to assess the resources of Xiamen Bay by using the established evaluation system of marine resources. The results showed that: the value of fisheries resources is 3.229 million yuan of the Xiamen Western Sea; the value of fisheries resources is 3.471 million yuan in the Tong'an Bay; the value of port and shoreline resources is 42.5982 million yuan in Xiamen Western Sea; the value of port and shoreline resources is 61.0343 million yuan in Tong'an Bay; the value of mineral resources is 6.278 million yuan in Xiamen Western Sea; the value of mineral resources is 10.845 million yuan in Tong'an Bay; the value of tourism resources of the Xiamen Bay is 3.65 billion; and the value of large-scale aquaculture resources in Tong'an Bay is 189.036 million yuan, the value of aquaculture resources in Da Deng Sea and Xiao Deng Sea is 61.25 million yuan.
Fourthly, based on the case study, the paper tried doing some scenario analysis. In order to solve the discharge of the effluent of Xiamen Western Sea and Tong'an Bay, it tried to transfer the effluent to the Xiamen Eastern Sea or Southern Sea, and it would calculate the loss of the marine resources in these two parts of the sea. Then it would compare with the environmental capacity benefits in Xiamen Western Sea and Tong'an Bay. After that, it would provide some policy recommendations for references.
随着这种现象的增多,人类开始认识到海洋资源价值评估的重要性,越来越多的人开始进行这方面的研究,本文在总结前人的研究基础上,运用环境科学、海洋学、环境经济学的基本理论,结合资料查询、理论分析、社会调查和案例研究等手段,探讨海湾资源的价值评估在环境容量研究中的应用。论文取得了以下的研究成果:
第一,详细总结了前人在海湾资源价值评估中所作的工作,包括每一类资源都分别做了详细而充足的综述,通过对前人工作的总结,从而找出本篇论文的立论依据以及研究方法等技术路线。将本文所要考虑的资源划分为渔业资源,港航资源,旅游资源,浅海与滩涂资源,矿产资源五种资源。
第二,构建了海湾资源价值评估的体系。通过对前人工作的总结以及对比分析目前所存在的各种价值评估的方法,然后选择最适合中国南方海湾的评估方法,构建了厦门湾海湾资源价值评估的体系。比较分析了直接市场法、替代市场法和模拟市场法的不同评估方法,找出他们的优缺点,结合海湾的特性,选择适合每种资源的评价方法,构建了海湾资源的价值评估体系。
第三,尝试用所建立的价值评估体系对于厦门湾的资源进行评价。结果显示:厦门西海域的渔业资源价值为322.9万元,同安湾的渔业资源价值为347.1万元,厦门西海域的港航资源价值为4259.82万元,同安湾港航资源的价值为6103.43万元,厦门西海域的矿产资源价值为627.8万元,同安湾矿产资源的价值为1084.5万元,厦门整个海湾的旅游资源的价值为3.65亿元,而大型养殖资源,同安湾为18903.6万元,大嶝、小嶝海域的养殖资源价值为6125万元。
第四,在尝试案例分析的基础上进行情景分析,为了解决厦门西海域和同安湾的污水排放问题,假设将其调入东部海域或者南部海域,分析计算调入污水后对于东部海域和南部海域的资源造成的损失,然后比较分析此举对于厦门西海域和同安湾所带来的收益,对比资源的损失和环境容量的收益,从而得出可供参考的政策建议。
As the development of society and economy, more and more people began to look for the resources into the ocean, the resources and energy that provided by the sea is enormous. However, in the process of using marine resources, there were a lot of issues, for example, people had not a clear and profound understanding of the value of marine resources; in the process of usage, they had been just focusing only on the immediate short-term interests rather than long-term interests; so it caused some behaviors of over-exploitation, undermined the sustainability of marine resources and caused serious environmental load.
As things became more and more serious, people began to realize that the importance of evaluation of marine resources, and some people began to do some researches. Based on previous research, this thesis used the basic theory of environmental science, oceanography and environmental economics, combining with information inquiries, theoretical analysis, social surveys and case studies and other means to explore the application of evaluation of the marine resources in the study of environmental capacity. Paper made the following findings:
Firstly, this paper summarized the previous researches about evaluation of marine resources in detail, including doing the detail synthesis in each resources category respectively. By summing up the work of predecessors, it would find this paper's argument basis, research methods, as well as technical routes. This paper divided the resources into fishery resources, port and shoreline resources, tourism resources, shallow water and beach resources, mineral resources.
Secondly, the system of evaluation of marine resources was built. First of all, the paper summed up the work of predecessors, and then comparatively analyzed a variety of the current existent assessment methods, the last one was that it chose the most suitable assessment methods for the Gulf in south China's and constructed the system of assessment. The paper comparatively analyzed different approaches of Direct Markets Method, Alternative Markets Method and Simulated Markets Method and identified their strengths and weaknesses. Combining with the characteristics of the Gulf, it selected appropriate evaluation methods for each resource to build up the Gulf Resources Evaluation System.
Thirdly, the paper tried to assess the resources of Xiamen Bay by using the established evaluation system of marine resources. The results showed that: the value of fisheries resources is 3.229 million yuan of the Xiamen Western Sea; the value of fisheries resources is 3.471 million yuan in the Tong'an Bay; the value of port and shoreline resources is 42.5982 million yuan in Xiamen Western Sea; the value of port and shoreline resources is 61.0343 million yuan in Tong'an Bay; the value of mineral resources is 6.278 million yuan in Xiamen Western Sea; the value of mineral resources is 10.845 million yuan in Tong'an Bay; the value of tourism resources of the Xiamen Bay is 3.65 billion; and the value of large-scale aquaculture resources in Tong'an Bay is 189.036 million yuan, the value of aquaculture resources in Da Deng Sea and Xiao Deng Sea is 61.25 million yuan.
Fourthly, based on the case study, the paper tried doing some scenario analysis. In order to solve the discharge of the effluent of Xiamen Western Sea and Tong'an Bay, it tried to transfer the effluent to the Xiamen Eastern Sea or Southern Sea, and it would calculate the loss of the marine resources in these two parts of the sea. Then it would compare with the environmental capacity benefits in Xiamen Western Sea and Tong'an Bay. After that, it would provide some policy recommendations for references.
引文
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