高精度垂直摆倾斜仪及其应用研究
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摘要
地倾斜测量是研究地壳形变及其固体潮的一种重要手段，它对地球动力学研究和
地震前兆观测都具有重要意义。高精度垂直摆倾斜仪是第三代具有数字化功能的地壳
形变连续观测仪器，其特点是体积小、高精度、高稳定性和数字化。它完全可以取代
传统的水平摆倾斜仪。
本文围绕高精度垂直摆倾斜仪这一主题，对高精度电容测微传感器，倾斜仪机械
本体的结构及其零部件，倾斜仪的调摆和标定，以及垂直摆倾斜仪的实际应用等一系
列问题进行了较为深入的研究。主要研究结果分别为：
(1)全面系统地论述了高精度电容测微器技术，并提出了数据采集系统和数据处
理解决方案。
(2)深入地研究了重要机械零部件和摆系结构，建立了摆系运动的多项数学模
型。
(3)首次提出并实现了利用空间多体中心构型概念进行倾斜仪机械整体结构的
设计，从而最大限度地满足了倾斜仪稳定性要求。
(4)分析并推导出垂直摆倾斜仪中单向摆体摆动和双向圆柱形单摆体摆动时的
非线性误差特性。
(5)首次提出并实现了重块标定的直接标定方法，设计了自动调摆和自动标定机
构和控制电路。
(6)建立了数采标定结果的程序自动识别和格值计算的数学模型。
(7)研究了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的工作环境和稳定过程，提出了相应技术要求，
获得了大量有价值的原始记录。
本文研究工作得到了中国地震局“九五”期间重点研究项目(95-04)的资助。
The measurement of earth tilt is an important method of studying earth crust deformation and its earth tide, which means much to Geodynamics and the observation of earthquake prognostic. Vertical pendulum tiltmeter , which is the third generation continuous observation instrument of earth crust deformation, processes digital function. Its features are small size high precision fine stability and digitize. It can replace traditional horizontal pendulum tiltmeter completely.
This paper focuses on the subject of high precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter, and studies deeply a series of problems that involve in high precision capacity micrometry sensor, the mechanical structure of the tiltmeter and its parts, adjusting pendulum and calibration of tiltmeter, and practical application of the vertical pendulum tiltmeter. The main studying results are as follows:
(1) The high precision capacity micrometry device is described all-sided and systematically. The solving scheme of data acquisition system and data processing are put forth.
(2) The key mechanical parts and the pendulum series structure are deeply studied, and some mathematical models of the pendulum series motion are founded.
(3) A design method, which applies spatial many-body center configuration concept to the mechanical structure of the tiltmeter, is first presented and realized.
(4) The nonlinear error feature of unidirectional pendulum and two-way columnar single pendulum in vertical pendulum tiltmeter swinging has been analyzed and derived.
(5) The direct calibration method of heavy block calibration is first presented and realized. The structures and controlling circuits of automatic adjusting pendulum and automatic calibration are designed.
(6) The mathematical models, which are automatic program identification of the calibration results of data acquisition and lattice value calculation, are put forth.
(7) The operating environment and stabilizing process of the high precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter are studied, corresponding technique demands are brought, and a lot of valuable first-hand record is gained.
China Seismology Bureau "ninth-five" duration emphasis research item(95-04) has endowed the studying works in this paper
地震前兆观测都具有重要意义。高精度垂直摆倾斜仪是第三代具有数字化功能的地壳
形变连续观测仪器，其特点是体积小、高精度、高稳定性和数字化。它完全可以取代
传统的水平摆倾斜仪。
本文围绕高精度垂直摆倾斜仪这一主题，对高精度电容测微传感器，倾斜仪机械
本体的结构及其零部件，倾斜仪的调摆和标定，以及垂直摆倾斜仪的实际应用等一系
列问题进行了较为深入的研究。主要研究结果分别为：
(1)全面系统地论述了高精度电容测微器技术，并提出了数据采集系统和数据处
理解决方案。
(2)深入地研究了重要机械零部件和摆系结构，建立了摆系运动的多项数学模
型。
(3)首次提出并实现了利用空间多体中心构型概念进行倾斜仪机械整体结构的
设计，从而最大限度地满足了倾斜仪稳定性要求。
(4)分析并推导出垂直摆倾斜仪中单向摆体摆动和双向圆柱形单摆体摆动时的
非线性误差特性。
(5)首次提出并实现了重块标定的直接标定方法，设计了自动调摆和自动标定机
构和控制电路。
(6)建立了数采标定结果的程序自动识别和格值计算的数学模型。
(7)研究了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的工作环境和稳定过程，提出了相应技术要求，
获得了大量有价值的原始记录。
本文研究工作得到了中国地震局“九五”期间重点研究项目(95-04)的资助。
The measurement of earth tilt is an important method of studying earth crust deformation and its earth tide, which means much to Geodynamics and the observation of earthquake prognostic. Vertical pendulum tiltmeter , which is the third generation continuous observation instrument of earth crust deformation, processes digital function. Its features are small size high precision fine stability and digitize. It can replace traditional horizontal pendulum tiltmeter completely.
This paper focuses on the subject of high precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter, and studies deeply a series of problems that involve in high precision capacity micrometry sensor, the mechanical structure of the tiltmeter and its parts, adjusting pendulum and calibration of tiltmeter, and practical application of the vertical pendulum tiltmeter. The main studying results are as follows:
(1) The high precision capacity micrometry device is described all-sided and systematically. The solving scheme of data acquisition system and data processing are put forth.
(2) The key mechanical parts and the pendulum series structure are deeply studied, and some mathematical models of the pendulum series motion are founded.
(3) A design method, which applies spatial many-body center configuration concept to the mechanical structure of the tiltmeter, is first presented and realized.
(4) The nonlinear error feature of unidirectional pendulum and two-way columnar single pendulum in vertical pendulum tiltmeter swinging has been analyzed and derived.
(5) The direct calibration method of heavy block calibration is first presented and realized. The structures and controlling circuits of automatic adjusting pendulum and automatic calibration are designed.
(6) The mathematical models, which are automatic program identification of the calibration results of data acquisition and lattice value calculation, are put forth.
(7) The operating environment and stabilizing process of the high precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter are studied, corresponding technique demands are brought, and a lot of valuable first-hand record is gained.
China Seismology Bureau "ninth-five" duration emphasis research item(95-04) has endowed the studying works in this paper
引文
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2．孙其政，陈德福等，地震地形变观测技术，地震出版社，北京，1995．
3．余瑞芬，传感器原理，航空工业出版社，北京，1995．
4．王家桢，王俊杰，传感器与变送器，清华大学出版社，北京，1996．
5．张福学，传感器电子学，国防工业出版社，北京，1991．
6．金篆芷，王明时，现代传感技术，电子工业出版社，北京，1995．
7．徐祥和，电子精密机械设计，国防工业出版社，北京，1995．
8．杨大地，涂光裕，数值分析，重庆大学出版社，重庆，1998．
9．肖刚，机械CAD原理与实践，清华大学出版社，北京，1999．
10．胡国庆，蔡亚先，一种高精度电容测微器，地壳变形与地震，Vol．4，No．2，1986．
11．张勤耕，高精度重力仪的标定及数字化，博士学位论文，地震研究所，1999．
12．罗俊，万有引力常数G的精确测定，博士学位论文，中科院测量与地球物理研究所，1999．
13．罗峰，VS型垂直摆倾斜仪的设计及其智能化研究，硕士学位论文，地震研究所，1999．
14．陈德福，我国地壳形变连续观测的发展和展望，形变学科通讯，Vol．6，No．2，2001．
15．马鸿均，杨又陵，新疆竖直摆倾斜仪的观测与震兆异常分析，形变学科通讯，Vol．2，No．2，1999．
16．孙和平，周江存，许厚泽，中国地壳网络基准站倾斜固体潮观测中海潮负荷信号改正问题，地球物理学进展，Vol．16，No．3，2001．
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