端面配流径向柱塞式液压泵特性的研究
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摘要
径向柱塞式液压泵具有额定工作压力高、耐冲击力强及功率重量比高等优点,易满足车辆静压传动系统对液压泵的高压、高速化要求。但目前径向柱塞式液压泵所采用的阀配流和轴配流方式都存在着径向力不平衡,致使转速难以提高等缺陷,不能适应液压泵高速发展的趋势。论文将端面配流应用到径向柱塞式液压泵中,以解决传统径向柱塞式液压泵径向力不平衡的问题,使径向柱塞式液压泵在保持原有高压优势的情况下,能够兼具端面盘配流的优点。论文的研究工作为高压、高速、大流量径向柱塞式液压泵的设计提供了理论基础。
论文对端面配流径向柱塞式液压泵进行了运动学和受力分析、建立了各柱塞腔及吸排油口的瞬时压力变化模型,通过数值求解得到了压力、流量的变化规律,分析了影响压力、流量变化的因素。论文的主要研究内容如下:
①对端面配流径向柱塞式液压泵的主要零部件进行了运动学分析。推导了柱塞的运动轨迹、极径、速度加速度和滚子旋转速度的数学方程,分析了柱塞的几何结构对运动参数的影响。
②在运动学分析的基础上,对径向柱塞式液压泵的各零部件进行了受力分析。在假定柱塞泵等角速度运动的情况下对液压泵缸体、转轴、弹簧进行分析,得到力平衡方程和动量矩方程。基于柱塞缸体副之间有无间隙两种情况,建立了两种柱塞副受力模型,对柱塞在缸体运行过程中的最大接触应力、应变、应变长度、留缸长度、摩擦力和滚子与滚道的最大接触应力进行了分析研究。在分析过程中采用柱塞腔内的瞬时压力替代原有的经验压力,真实反映柱塞的受力工况。
③对径向柱塞式液压泵的理论流量进行了分析。基于传统流量理论对径向柱塞式液压泵的瞬时流量进行分析,推导出径向柱塞式液压泵的理论瞬时流量和流量脉动系数。根据柱塞在配流盘占据的位置来判断柱塞的吸排油工况,推导出柱塞泵的柱塞几何流量方程。通过仿真得到几何流量及其脉动系数。
④建立了柱塞腔与带卸荷槽配流盘最小通流面积的数学模型。通过对三角卸荷槽结构的分析,确定了三角卸荷槽的最小过流面积,推导了各柱塞腔对配流盘的最小通流面积公式,分析了三角槽几何参数和分度角对配流窗口面积的影响规律。
⑤建立了径向柱塞式液压泵柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力模型。根据柱塞控制腔内的流体质量守恒定理,在考虑各摩擦副的泄漏、工作介质的可压缩性等因素的情况下,建立柱塞泵柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力变化模型。通过数值方法求解,得出了各柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力与瞬时流量。研究了三角槽的结构和负载压力、转速对柱塞泵各个柱塞腔、进出口压力流量变化的影响规律。
⑥通过对双向径向柱塞泵马达试验测试系统的改造,进行了径向柱塞泵的性能试验,为径向柱塞泵设计提供借鉴经验。对径向柱塞式液压泵的压力进行了检测并作了频域分析,由频域图显示可知:除了几何脉动频率线外,还有其他明显的频率谱线存在,这表明柱塞泵的压力脉动并不仅是几何结构脉动引起的,而是几何结构与其他因素共同作用的结果。几何脉动的频率是一个关于柱塞的个数和转速的函数f=n·z/60。
Radial piston hydrostatic pump has several advantages like high rated working pressure, strong anti pulsation and high ratio of power to weight, which are suit to the need of vehicle hydrostatic transmission system—higher pressure and rotational speed. Nowadays, valve distribution and axis distribution are adopted in the development of radial piston hydrostatic pump, but they have problems like the imbalance radial force which cause they hard to enhance rotational speed. So, both of them are not suit to the trend of development of higher pressure and rotational speed hydrostatic pump. The dissertation introduces valve plate to design radial piston hydrostatic pump, which solved the imbalance radial force problem, and make it easy to enhance the rotational speed. The work could provide fundamental theory for the design of higher pressure, higher speed and larger flow rate radial piston hydrostatic pump.
Kinematical analysis, force analysis, instantaneous pressure model of inside piston/cylinder chamber, suction and discharge chamber of valve plate hydrostatic pump are studied in the dissertation. And the change laws of pressure and flow rate are deduced through mathematic calculation. Then causes of pressure and flow rate change are analyzed in the dissertation. The main investigation work focuses on the flowing several aspects:
①Kinematical analysis of radial piston pump's key components were studied. Equations of the position, polar distance, velocity and acceleration of the piston were inferred. Then, the effect of varied geometry structures were analyzed by comparing kinematic parameters.
②Based on the kinematical analysis, the forces acted on hydrostatic machine parts were analyzed. Force and momentum equations of main parts were deduced on the assumption that the pump remains in a constant angular speed. Then, utilizing two force models to study the contract stress and deformation, piston length remained inside, friction force, contract force between the two friction pairs. During the investigation processing, the traditional hydraulic pressure was replaced by the instantaneous pressure in the piston chamber, which make the calculation result close to the real operating condition.
③The theoretical flow-ripple of a radial piston valve plate type hydrostatic pump was studied. Based on the traditional theory, the instantaneous flow ripple formula was deduced. Then, based on the real relative position of the piston and valve plate, the piston chamber participate the discharge or suction processing can be judged. The actual flow ripple equations of a radial piston pump were presented. Flow ripple and flow ripple frequency were acquired by using simulation calculation.
④The model of the discharge area of the piston chamber to the discharge port in the valve plate were analyzed. The smallest cross-section areas were computed by analyzing the geometry of tetrahedral structured slot. Then, formulas of the valve plate opening area for each piston port were deduced. Based on these formulas, the relationship between the valve plate opening area and slot structure were created.
⑤The model of instantaneous pressure inside the piston/cylinder chamber, suction, and discharge chamber is created. Based on the conservation laws, taking leakage passed through the pairs clearance, and liquid compressibility into consideration, the piston kinematical volume change, the volumetric volume causing by the leakage happened in the clearance of the friction pairs is considered. The instantaneous pressure formulas were created. Then, get the pressure pulsation and flow ripple in all controlled volume by numerical calculation. The relations between pressure pulsation and flow ripple and slot structure were investigated.
⑥According to researching and manufacturing of the radial piston pump test system, some references for developing new radial piston valve plate type pump were acquired. FFT analyzing method was adopted to acquire a frequency-domain plot, which shows that there are other distinc frequencies in discharge pressure spectrogram and suction pressure spectrogram besides the piston kinematical frequency. It means that not only the kinematical frequency but also some other factors are the reason to achieve this result. The kinematical frequency depends on the piston's number and rotate speed,ω. The equitation of frequency is f = n·z /60 .
论文对端面配流径向柱塞式液压泵进行了运动学和受力分析、建立了各柱塞腔及吸排油口的瞬时压力变化模型,通过数值求解得到了压力、流量的变化规律,分析了影响压力、流量变化的因素。论文的主要研究内容如下:
①对端面配流径向柱塞式液压泵的主要零部件进行了运动学分析。推导了柱塞的运动轨迹、极径、速度加速度和滚子旋转速度的数学方程,分析了柱塞的几何结构对运动参数的影响。
②在运动学分析的基础上,对径向柱塞式液压泵的各零部件进行了受力分析。在假定柱塞泵等角速度运动的情况下对液压泵缸体、转轴、弹簧进行分析,得到力平衡方程和动量矩方程。基于柱塞缸体副之间有无间隙两种情况,建立了两种柱塞副受力模型,对柱塞在缸体运行过程中的最大接触应力、应变、应变长度、留缸长度、摩擦力和滚子与滚道的最大接触应力进行了分析研究。在分析过程中采用柱塞腔内的瞬时压力替代原有的经验压力,真实反映柱塞的受力工况。
③对径向柱塞式液压泵的理论流量进行了分析。基于传统流量理论对径向柱塞式液压泵的瞬时流量进行分析,推导出径向柱塞式液压泵的理论瞬时流量和流量脉动系数。根据柱塞在配流盘占据的位置来判断柱塞的吸排油工况,推导出柱塞泵的柱塞几何流量方程。通过仿真得到几何流量及其脉动系数。
④建立了柱塞腔与带卸荷槽配流盘最小通流面积的数学模型。通过对三角卸荷槽结构的分析,确定了三角卸荷槽的最小过流面积,推导了各柱塞腔对配流盘的最小通流面积公式,分析了三角槽几何参数和分度角对配流窗口面积的影响规律。
⑤建立了径向柱塞式液压泵柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力模型。根据柱塞控制腔内的流体质量守恒定理,在考虑各摩擦副的泄漏、工作介质的可压缩性等因素的情况下,建立柱塞泵柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力变化模型。通过数值方法求解,得出了各柱塞腔、吸排油腔的瞬时压力与瞬时流量。研究了三角槽的结构和负载压力、转速对柱塞泵各个柱塞腔、进出口压力流量变化的影响规律。
⑥通过对双向径向柱塞泵马达试验测试系统的改造,进行了径向柱塞泵的性能试验,为径向柱塞泵设计提供借鉴经验。对径向柱塞式液压泵的压力进行了检测并作了频域分析,由频域图显示可知:除了几何脉动频率线外,还有其他明显的频率谱线存在,这表明柱塞泵的压力脉动并不仅是几何结构脉动引起的,而是几何结构与其他因素共同作用的结果。几何脉动的频率是一个关于柱塞的个数和转速的函数f=n·z/60。
Radial piston hydrostatic pump has several advantages like high rated working pressure, strong anti pulsation and high ratio of power to weight, which are suit to the need of vehicle hydrostatic transmission system—higher pressure and rotational speed. Nowadays, valve distribution and axis distribution are adopted in the development of radial piston hydrostatic pump, but they have problems like the imbalance radial force which cause they hard to enhance rotational speed. So, both of them are not suit to the trend of development of higher pressure and rotational speed hydrostatic pump. The dissertation introduces valve plate to design radial piston hydrostatic pump, which solved the imbalance radial force problem, and make it easy to enhance the rotational speed. The work could provide fundamental theory for the design of higher pressure, higher speed and larger flow rate radial piston hydrostatic pump.
Kinematical analysis, force analysis, instantaneous pressure model of inside piston/cylinder chamber, suction and discharge chamber of valve plate hydrostatic pump are studied in the dissertation. And the change laws of pressure and flow rate are deduced through mathematic calculation. Then causes of pressure and flow rate change are analyzed in the dissertation. The main investigation work focuses on the flowing several aspects:
①Kinematical analysis of radial piston pump's key components were studied. Equations of the position, polar distance, velocity and acceleration of the piston were inferred. Then, the effect of varied geometry structures were analyzed by comparing kinematic parameters.
②Based on the kinematical analysis, the forces acted on hydrostatic machine parts were analyzed. Force and momentum equations of main parts were deduced on the assumption that the pump remains in a constant angular speed. Then, utilizing two force models to study the contract stress and deformation, piston length remained inside, friction force, contract force between the two friction pairs. During the investigation processing, the traditional hydraulic pressure was replaced by the instantaneous pressure in the piston chamber, which make the calculation result close to the real operating condition.
③The theoretical flow-ripple of a radial piston valve plate type hydrostatic pump was studied. Based on the traditional theory, the instantaneous flow ripple formula was deduced. Then, based on the real relative position of the piston and valve plate, the piston chamber participate the discharge or suction processing can be judged. The actual flow ripple equations of a radial piston pump were presented. Flow ripple and flow ripple frequency were acquired by using simulation calculation.
④The model of the discharge area of the piston chamber to the discharge port in the valve plate were analyzed. The smallest cross-section areas were computed by analyzing the geometry of tetrahedral structured slot. Then, formulas of the valve plate opening area for each piston port were deduced. Based on these formulas, the relationship between the valve plate opening area and slot structure were created.
⑤The model of instantaneous pressure inside the piston/cylinder chamber, suction, and discharge chamber is created. Based on the conservation laws, taking leakage passed through the pairs clearance, and liquid compressibility into consideration, the piston kinematical volume change, the volumetric volume causing by the leakage happened in the clearance of the friction pairs is considered. The instantaneous pressure formulas were created. Then, get the pressure pulsation and flow ripple in all controlled volume by numerical calculation. The relations between pressure pulsation and flow ripple and slot structure were investigated.
⑥According to researching and manufacturing of the radial piston pump test system, some references for developing new radial piston valve plate type pump were acquired. FFT analyzing method was adopted to acquire a frequency-domain plot, which shows that there are other distinc frequencies in discharge pressure spectrogram and suction pressure spectrogram besides the piston kinematical frequency. It means that not only the kinematical frequency but also some other factors are the reason to achieve this result. The kinematical frequency depends on the piston's number and rotate speed,ω. The equitation of frequency is f = n·z /60 .
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