MSF系统建模与仿真
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摘要
随着人口的增长、社会发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，沿海淡水
资源短缺问题将日益严重，海水淡化技术将成为21世纪解决沿海淡水
供应问题的必然选择。MSF多级闪蒸技术是国际海水淡化市场的主力
军，其装置的国产化研制是一项非常重要的科研课题。
对于管式换热器，本文在全面分析总结分布参数模型的解析解及其
简化方法的基础上，充分研究了分段线性化处理方法，并进行详细的仿
真计算，得出了一些有益的结论。本文推导出分段后总传递函数的形式，
并证明当分段数趋于无穷大时，其结果与分布参数模型的解析解完全相
同，从而也证明了可以通过提高分段数改善仿真计算结果的精度。
本文根据热工理论，以每一级闪蒸器为单元，建立了MSF系统动态
过程的数学模型和MATLAB仿真模型，比其他文献提供的模型更完善，
考虑的因素更全面。将各级之间的联系以耦合扰动向量的形式给出，不
仅有助于理解扰动的耦合作用，还避免了建立大型的系统整体状态矩
阵，使仿真计算变得更容易。在此基础上，详细研究了MSF系统动态
过程数学模型的线性化处理方法，并进行了仿真计算。为MSF装置的
运行调整与控制策略的制定提供了决策依据，为MSF系统的国产化研
制提供技术支持。
With increasing of population and development of society, the shortage of fresh water resource of the coastland in China will become more severe. It is necessary to select desalination of seawater to solve the supply of fresh water in 21 century. The technique of multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation is dominant and widely used in the market of desalination at present in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more advanced MSF desalination equipment made in China. Based on research experience published in literatures, dynamic behavior of MSF system was focused on in this paper.
The brine heater, a tube heater with single import and export, is one of the main devices for the MSF system. Although it is not difficult to model and simulate its dynamic process for such a heater, some mistakes in literature are found. On the basis of the consideration of distributing parameter model and its simplification a linear ramp method with subsection is presented and a simulation is accomplished. For the various disturbance factors, the manners of connections between the subsections are not the same and can be not simply treated as a series structure; otherwise a mistake will take place. For the step temperature disturbance of seawater, the manner of connection between the subsections is in series. But for step flow disturbance of seawater or heat disturbance, due to simultaneity of effects of these step disturbances on the whole system space, the manner of connection is either in series or in parallels.
The dissertation presents the total transfer functions with three step disturbances of subsection linearization, and proves that the limits of the total transfer functions are the same as the analytical solution, if the number of subsection goes to infinity. Therefore, the precision of simulation can be improved by increasing the number of subsection.
According to thermodynamic theory, the dissertation establishes the mathematical models of dynamic process of the MSF system and the Matlab simulation models on the basis of each flash evaporator unit. The models are better than the ones presented by other references. The connection between one stage and another stage is expressed as a vector of coupling disturbance, which makes it easy to understand the coupling effects of disturbance and avoids of establishing large state matrix of the whole system, and makes it easy to simulate. The linearization methods of the mathematics models for dynamic process of the MSF system are studied and case studies are given. The aforementioned researches and analyses can provide the help on making operation regulation and control strategy of the MSF system.
资源短缺问题将日益严重，海水淡化技术将成为21世纪解决沿海淡水
供应问题的必然选择。MSF多级闪蒸技术是国际海水淡化市场的主力
军，其装置的国产化研制是一项非常重要的科研课题。
对于管式换热器，本文在全面分析总结分布参数模型的解析解及其
简化方法的基础上，充分研究了分段线性化处理方法，并进行详细的仿
真计算，得出了一些有益的结论。本文推导出分段后总传递函数的形式，
并证明当分段数趋于无穷大时，其结果与分布参数模型的解析解完全相
同，从而也证明了可以通过提高分段数改善仿真计算结果的精度。
本文根据热工理论，以每一级闪蒸器为单元，建立了MSF系统动态
过程的数学模型和MATLAB仿真模型，比其他文献提供的模型更完善，
考虑的因素更全面。将各级之间的联系以耦合扰动向量的形式给出，不
仅有助于理解扰动的耦合作用，还避免了建立大型的系统整体状态矩
阵，使仿真计算变得更容易。在此基础上，详细研究了MSF系统动态
过程数学模型的线性化处理方法，并进行了仿真计算。为MSF装置的
运行调整与控制策略的制定提供了决策依据，为MSF系统的国产化研
制提供技术支持。
With increasing of population and development of society, the shortage of fresh water resource of the coastland in China will become more severe. It is necessary to select desalination of seawater to solve the supply of fresh water in 21 century. The technique of multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation is dominant and widely used in the market of desalination at present in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more advanced MSF desalination equipment made in China. Based on research experience published in literatures, dynamic behavior of MSF system was focused on in this paper.
The brine heater, a tube heater with single import and export, is one of the main devices for the MSF system. Although it is not difficult to model and simulate its dynamic process for such a heater, some mistakes in literature are found. On the basis of the consideration of distributing parameter model and its simplification a linear ramp method with subsection is presented and a simulation is accomplished. For the various disturbance factors, the manners of connections between the subsections are not the same and can be not simply treated as a series structure; otherwise a mistake will take place. For the step temperature disturbance of seawater, the manner of connection between the subsections is in series. But for step flow disturbance of seawater or heat disturbance, due to simultaneity of effects of these step disturbances on the whole system space, the manner of connection is either in series or in parallels.
The dissertation presents the total transfer functions with three step disturbances of subsection linearization, and proves that the limits of the total transfer functions are the same as the analytical solution, if the number of subsection goes to infinity. Therefore, the precision of simulation can be improved by increasing the number of subsection.
According to thermodynamic theory, the dissertation establishes the mathematical models of dynamic process of the MSF system and the Matlab simulation models on the basis of each flash evaporator unit. The models are better than the ones presented by other references. The connection between one stage and another stage is expressed as a vector of coupling disturbance, which makes it easy to understand the coupling effects of disturbance and avoids of establishing large state matrix of the whole system, and makes it easy to simulate. The linearization methods of the mathematics models for dynamic process of the MSF system are studied and case studies are given. The aforementioned researches and analyses can provide the help on making operation regulation and control strategy of the MSF system.
引文
1． 中国高科技产业化研究会海洋分会，国家科学技术部软科学研究项目报告-“加 快我国海水利用技术产业化发展及政策研究”，2000年11月。
2． 华北电力学院北京研究生部，《热电联产海水淡化技术在解决我国沿海淡水资源 问题中的地位和作用》，电力部研究报告，1994。
3． 华北电力学院北京研究生部，《3000吨/日多级闪蒸海水淡化装置初步设计》 1992 年。
4． 宋之平，王加璇编著，《节能原理》，水利电力出版社，1985。
5． 周少祥，林宁，“采用海水淡化技术解决水资源的一个可行途径”，《北京动力经 济学院学报》，1994，No．4，ISSN1005，CN11-3266／TK。
6． 胡三高，周少祥，“MSF海水淡化系统燃料单耗”，中国工程热物理学会与能源利 用学术论文集，湖北宜昌，1995，10。
7． Arshad Hassan Khan，“Desalination Processes and Multistage Flash Distillation Practice”，Elsevier Science Publishers B．V，1986。
8． 以色列IDE产品说明书。
9． 王俊鹤等，《海水淡化》，科学出版社，1978。
10． 林斯清，“海水反渗透淡化技术现状及未来”，海水利用技术研讨会论文，北京， 1998年。
11． 辛道明编，《沸腾传热及其强化》，重庆大学出版社，1987年11月。
12． 《传热手册》，德意志联邦共和国工程协会工艺与化学工程学会。
13． [德] E．哈恩，U．格里古尔编，王兴国，华诚生译《沸腾换热》，国防工业社，1988 年。
14． [前苏联]A．M．库捷波夫等，范从振，撒应禄译，《蒸汽形成时的流体动力学和 热交换》，水利电力出版社，1983年。
15． 倪维斗，徐向东，李政等，《热动力系统建模与控制的若干问题》，科学出版社， 1996年。
16． [美]E O．道别林，童钧芳，关过枢译，《系统的建模和响应-理论及实验方法》， 上海科学技术文献出版社，1984年。
17． 丁翠菁，《换热设备动态特性计算》，水利电力出版社，1993年。
18． 陈宗海编著，《过程系统建模与仿真》，中国科学技术大学出版社，1997年。
19． Luybenm,W.L."Process Modeling Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers", McGraw-Hilll, 1973．
20． J.A.Payne, Introduction to SimulationrProgramming Techniques and Methods of Analysis, Me Graw-Hilll Book Company, 1982．
21． Miyatake.o,et al., "Fundamental Experiments with Flash Evaporation", HEAT TRANSFER Jpn.Res.,2(4) ( 1973) 89-100．
22． 蒋巍孙，愈金寿编，《化工过程动态数学模型》，化学工业出版社，1986年
23． 姚平经，《化工过程系统工程》，化学工业出版社，1991年。
24． 袁璞著，《生产过程动态数学模型及其在线应用》，中国石化出版社，1994年。
25． B．罗菲尔，J．E．里金斯多普著，王晖等译，《过程动态学、控制与保护》，科学出 版社，1992。
26． 李旭，《蒸汽发生器的动态特性-模型、结构参数的硬性和控制》，清华大学博
士学位论文，1988年。
27． Marco Mazzotti, et al., "Dynamic Modeling of Mullstage Flash Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 1279 (2000) , 207-208．
28． Emad Ali,et al., "Model reduction and robust control of multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plants", DESALINATION, 121 (1999) , 66-85．
29． N.H.Aly, "Dynamic Behavior of MSF Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 101 (1995) , 287-293．
30． Manina Rosso,et al., " Modeling multistage flash desalination plants " , DESALINATION, 108 (1996) , 365-374．
31． I.S.Al-Mutaz and M.A. Soliman, "Simulation of MSF Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 74 (1989) , 317-326．
32． I.T.Cameron et al., " A Generalized Model for Distillation Columns-II :Numberical and Computational Aspects " , Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol. 10, No3, 1986,ppl99-211．
33． Warren E.stewart et al., "simulation of Fractionation by Orthogonal Collocation", Chemical Engineering Science ,Vol.40,No.3,pp409-421．
34． A.Jernqvist et al., "Simulation of thermal desalination processes" DESALINATION, 126 (1999) , 147-152．
35． G.Wozny,L.Jeromin, " Dynamic Process Simulation in Industry " , Int.Chem.Eng.,Vol.34,No2,1994,p 159-177． 1
36． 王广军，辛国华著，《热力系统动力学及其应用》，科学出版礼，1997年。
37． Asghar Husain, et al., "Modeling, Similation, Optimization and Control of multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants", DESALINATION, 92 (1993) , 21-55．
2． 华北电力学院北京研究生部，《热电联产海水淡化技术在解决我国沿海淡水资源 问题中的地位和作用》，电力部研究报告，1994。
3． 华北电力学院北京研究生部，《3000吨/日多级闪蒸海水淡化装置初步设计》 1992 年。
4． 宋之平，王加璇编著，《节能原理》，水利电力出版社，1985。
5． 周少祥，林宁，“采用海水淡化技术解决水资源的一个可行途径”，《北京动力经 济学院学报》，1994，No．4，ISSN1005，CN11-3266／TK。
6． 胡三高，周少祥，“MSF海水淡化系统燃料单耗”，中国工程热物理学会与能源利 用学术论文集，湖北宜昌，1995，10。
7． Arshad Hassan Khan，“Desalination Processes and Multistage Flash Distillation Practice”，Elsevier Science Publishers B．V，1986。
8． 以色列IDE产品说明书。
9． 王俊鹤等，《海水淡化》，科学出版社，1978。
10． 林斯清，“海水反渗透淡化技术现状及未来”，海水利用技术研讨会论文，北京， 1998年。
11． 辛道明编，《沸腾传热及其强化》，重庆大学出版社，1987年11月。
12． 《传热手册》，德意志联邦共和国工程协会工艺与化学工程学会。
13． [德] E．哈恩，U．格里古尔编，王兴国，华诚生译《沸腾换热》，国防工业社，1988 年。
14． [前苏联]A．M．库捷波夫等，范从振，撒应禄译，《蒸汽形成时的流体动力学和 热交换》，水利电力出版社，1983年。
15． 倪维斗，徐向东，李政等，《热动力系统建模与控制的若干问题》，科学出版社， 1996年。
16． [美]E O．道别林，童钧芳，关过枢译，《系统的建模和响应-理论及实验方法》， 上海科学技术文献出版社，1984年。
17． 丁翠菁，《换热设备动态特性计算》，水利电力出版社，1993年。
18． 陈宗海编著，《过程系统建模与仿真》，中国科学技术大学出版社，1997年。
19． Luybenm,W.L."Process Modeling Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers", McGraw-Hilll, 1973．
20． J.A.Payne, Introduction to SimulationrProgramming Techniques and Methods of Analysis, Me Graw-Hilll Book Company, 1982．
21． Miyatake.o,et al., "Fundamental Experiments with Flash Evaporation", HEAT TRANSFER Jpn.Res.,2(4) ( 1973) 89-100．
22． 蒋巍孙，愈金寿编，《化工过程动态数学模型》，化学工业出版社，1986年
23． 姚平经，《化工过程系统工程》，化学工业出版社，1991年。
24． 袁璞著，《生产过程动态数学模型及其在线应用》，中国石化出版社，1994年。
25． B．罗菲尔，J．E．里金斯多普著，王晖等译，《过程动态学、控制与保护》，科学出 版社，1992。
26． 李旭，《蒸汽发生器的动态特性-模型、结构参数的硬性和控制》，清华大学博
士学位论文，1988年。
27． Marco Mazzotti, et al., "Dynamic Modeling of Mullstage Flash Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 1279 (2000) , 207-208．
28． Emad Ali,et al., "Model reduction and robust control of multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plants", DESALINATION, 121 (1999) , 66-85．
29． N.H.Aly, "Dynamic Behavior of MSF Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 101 (1995) , 287-293．
30． Manina Rosso,et al., " Modeling multistage flash desalination plants " , DESALINATION, 108 (1996) , 365-374．
31． I.S.Al-Mutaz and M.A. Soliman, "Simulation of MSF Desalination Plants", DESALINATION, 74 (1989) , 317-326．
32． I.T.Cameron et al., " A Generalized Model for Distillation Columns-II :Numberical and Computational Aspects " , Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol. 10, No3, 1986,ppl99-211．
33． Warren E.stewart et al., "simulation of Fractionation by Orthogonal Collocation", Chemical Engineering Science ,Vol.40,No.3,pp409-421．
34． A.Jernqvist et al., "Simulation of thermal desalination processes" DESALINATION, 126 (1999) , 147-152．
35． G.Wozny,L.Jeromin, " Dynamic Process Simulation in Industry " , Int.Chem.Eng.,Vol.34,No2,1994,p 159-177． 1
36． 王广军，辛国华著，《热力系统动力学及其应用》，科学出版礼，1997年。
37． Asghar Husain, et al., "Modeling, Similation, Optimization and Control of multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants", DESALINATION, 92 (1993) , 21-55．