沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙三下亚段沉积特征研究
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摘要
随着各大油气田勘探程度的不断加深，常规砂岩油气储量逐渐减少，泥页岩油气作为潜在储量越来越受到重视。沾化凹陷泥页岩具有巨大的勘探潜力，但对其沉积特征研究较为薄弱，论文综合运用岩心、测井、录井及相关分析测试等资料，以沉积学、岩石学及层序地层学理论为指导，对沾化凹陷四扣洼陷及其周围地区沙三下亚段泥页岩的类型进行了精细刻画，还原其沉积条件，建立泥页岩沉积的层序格架，并最终恢复了沙三下时期研究区的沉积演化过程。
在对研究区内两口重点井岩心详细观察描述的基础上，结合岩石薄片、全岩X衍射、扫描电镜、场发射电镜等分析结果，将区内泥页岩细分为七类：纹层状粘结岩、纹层状泥灰岩、纹层状灰质页岩、块状泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、块状泥灰岩和块状灰质泥岩。这七种岩性分别代表着相应的沉积环境变化，具有不同的沉积成因。利用“成因控层”的原理，以气候－陆源输入－相对湖平面变化三因素法为指导，分别选取有机质含量、矿物含量、放射性测井、微量元素等不同的代用指标，重点对两口井（罗67、罗69井）进行了层序地层的划分，建立了研究区内的深水层序格架，将沙三下亚段分别划分为两个层序、六个体系域。
以罗69井岩心分析资料及测井资料建立了沙三下亚段矿物含量测井解释模型及工区内七大类岩性的测井识别图版。选取研究区内50余口井进行了矿物含量及岩性的测井解释与校正，建立不同体系域的平面矿物含量等值线图及岩相分区图，结合岩相分析、孢粉资料、放射性测井、矿物组合、微量元素分析等，对沙三下时期的沉积环境演化规律进行恢复。认为：1）层序一低位域时期，气候较为干旱，陆源输入较少，碳酸盐岩大量沉积，该期末期，气候变得相对暖湿，底栖藻类大量繁盛，在浅滩地区形成独特的粘结岩，相对湖平面开始缓慢上升；2）层序一湖侵域时期，气候进一步暖湿，陆源输入稍有增强，相对湖平面快速上升，浮游藻类代替底栖藻类大量生长；3）层序一高位域时期，气候暖湿程度减小，陆源输入影响较大，粉砂与杂乱的生物碎屑含量增多；4）层序二时期，气候整体更为暖湿，陆源输入整体增强，湖体深度较大。泥页岩沉积条件特征的研究对泥页岩油气的进一步勘探具有重要的指导意义。
As the development of the major oil and gas in the conventional reservoir hasbeen deeply maturated, the focus of the oil and gas exploration has turned to the shalereservoirs. The shale in Zhanhua Sag has great potential of hydrocarbon and hasbecome important exploration targets. Based on cores, well logs and other testing data,using the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentary featuresof the different shale types, the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy ofshale in Lower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation, Luojia area, ZhanhuaSag are studied in this paper.
Seven lithological types which contain laminated boundstone, laminated marl,laminated calcareous shale, massive mudstone, silty mudstone, massive marl andmassive calcareous mudstone are identified using the data of thin section, whole rockX-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field emission electron microscopyand other analyzing data of the two key wells Luo67and Luo69. The different typesof shale have represented varied sedimentary environment and has distinctivedepositional process. The shale sequence stratigraphic framework is always controlledby their depositional process. Based on this theory, climate, terrigenous clastic influxand relative lake level are taken account as three major influencing factors to controlthe formation of sequence stratigraphy, and indicators like organic matter content,mineral content, radioactive loggings and trace elements are selected to help dividethe sequence stratigraphy. The deep water sequence stratigraphy of study area in theLower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation is then built and consists oftwo third-order sequence and six systems tracts.
A logging interpretation model of mineral content and a logging chart board toidentify seven major lithologies are proposed in this paper, based on the analysis ofthe cores and logging date from well Luo69. More than50wells in study area areintroduced by the above standard model and chart board to gain the mineral contentand lithological data, and therefore the contour map of mineral content andlithological facies distribution can be accurately mapped in plane among different systems tract. Then combined the analysis of lithological facies, pollen data,radioactive loggings, mineral assemblages and trace elements, the sedimentaryevolutional rule of Lower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation can berecovered.
Four periods of sedimentary evolutions are proposed in this paper. Sequence1:(1) The lowstand systems tract (LST): in its early stage, the study area is in dryclimate and has few terrigenous clastics influx and thick limestone deposited, and thenin its later, water slowly rising stage the climate has changed into wet and warmresulting the prosperity of benthic algae and finally caused the unique deposits ofboundstone in certain areas;(2) The transgressive systems tract (TST): it has a morewarm and wet climate than LST with terrigenous clastics influx also increasingslightly. In this period phytoplankton algae have replaced the benthic algae to be thedominant algae;(3) The high systems tract (HST): the climate has become less warmand wet, and the large amount influx of terrigenous clastic has made the increase ofsiltstone and bioclastic deposits.(4) Sequence2: it has presented a more warm-wetclimate, general stronger terrigenous clastic influx and deeper lake level thanSequence1. The depositional characteristics study of shale in study area is of greatimportance to guide the future hydrocarbon exploration.
在对研究区内两口重点井岩心详细观察描述的基础上，结合岩石薄片、全岩X衍射、扫描电镜、场发射电镜等分析结果，将区内泥页岩细分为七类：纹层状粘结岩、纹层状泥灰岩、纹层状灰质页岩、块状泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、块状泥灰岩和块状灰质泥岩。这七种岩性分别代表着相应的沉积环境变化，具有不同的沉积成因。利用“成因控层”的原理，以气候－陆源输入－相对湖平面变化三因素法为指导，分别选取有机质含量、矿物含量、放射性测井、微量元素等不同的代用指标，重点对两口井（罗67、罗69井）进行了层序地层的划分，建立了研究区内的深水层序格架，将沙三下亚段分别划分为两个层序、六个体系域。
以罗69井岩心分析资料及测井资料建立了沙三下亚段矿物含量测井解释模型及工区内七大类岩性的测井识别图版。选取研究区内50余口井进行了矿物含量及岩性的测井解释与校正，建立不同体系域的平面矿物含量等值线图及岩相分区图，结合岩相分析、孢粉资料、放射性测井、矿物组合、微量元素分析等，对沙三下时期的沉积环境演化规律进行恢复。认为：1）层序一低位域时期，气候较为干旱，陆源输入较少，碳酸盐岩大量沉积，该期末期，气候变得相对暖湿，底栖藻类大量繁盛，在浅滩地区形成独特的粘结岩，相对湖平面开始缓慢上升；2）层序一湖侵域时期，气候进一步暖湿，陆源输入稍有增强，相对湖平面快速上升，浮游藻类代替底栖藻类大量生长；3）层序一高位域时期，气候暖湿程度减小，陆源输入影响较大，粉砂与杂乱的生物碎屑含量增多；4）层序二时期，气候整体更为暖湿，陆源输入整体增强，湖体深度较大。泥页岩沉积条件特征的研究对泥页岩油气的进一步勘探具有重要的指导意义。
As the development of the major oil and gas in the conventional reservoir hasbeen deeply maturated, the focus of the oil and gas exploration has turned to the shalereservoirs. The shale in Zhanhua Sag has great potential of hydrocarbon and hasbecome important exploration targets. Based on cores, well logs and other testing data,using the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentary featuresof the different shale types, the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy ofshale in Lower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation, Luojia area, ZhanhuaSag are studied in this paper.
Seven lithological types which contain laminated boundstone, laminated marl,laminated calcareous shale, massive mudstone, silty mudstone, massive marl andmassive calcareous mudstone are identified using the data of thin section, whole rockX-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field emission electron microscopyand other analyzing data of the two key wells Luo67and Luo69. The different typesof shale have represented varied sedimentary environment and has distinctivedepositional process. The shale sequence stratigraphic framework is always controlledby their depositional process. Based on this theory, climate, terrigenous clastic influxand relative lake level are taken account as three major influencing factors to controlthe formation of sequence stratigraphy, and indicators like organic matter content,mineral content, radioactive loggings and trace elements are selected to help dividethe sequence stratigraphy. The deep water sequence stratigraphy of study area in theLower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation is then built and consists oftwo third-order sequence and six systems tracts.
A logging interpretation model of mineral content and a logging chart board toidentify seven major lithologies are proposed in this paper, based on the analysis ofthe cores and logging date from well Luo69. More than50wells in study area areintroduced by the above standard model and chart board to gain the mineral contentand lithological data, and therefore the contour map of mineral content andlithological facies distribution can be accurately mapped in plane among different systems tract. Then combined the analysis of lithological facies, pollen data,radioactive loggings, mineral assemblages and trace elements, the sedimentaryevolutional rule of Lower part of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation can berecovered.
Four periods of sedimentary evolutions are proposed in this paper. Sequence1:(1) The lowstand systems tract (LST): in its early stage, the study area is in dryclimate and has few terrigenous clastics influx and thick limestone deposited, and thenin its later, water slowly rising stage the climate has changed into wet and warmresulting the prosperity of benthic algae and finally caused the unique deposits ofboundstone in certain areas;(2) The transgressive systems tract (TST): it has a morewarm and wet climate than LST with terrigenous clastics influx also increasingslightly. In this period phytoplankton algae have replaced the benthic algae to be thedominant algae;(3) The high systems tract (HST): the climate has become less warmand wet, and the large amount influx of terrigenous clastic has made the increase ofsiltstone and bioclastic deposits.(4) Sequence2: it has presented a more warm-wetclimate, general stronger terrigenous clastic influx and deeper lake level thanSequence1. The depositional characteristics study of shale in study area is of greatimportance to guide the future hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
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James J. Hickey, Bo Henk. Lithofacies summary fo the Mississippian Barnett shale, Mitchell2T.P.Sims well, Wise County, Texas [J]. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
John B. Curtis. Fractured shale–gas systems [J]. AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
Julia F. W. Gale, Robert M. Reed, Jon Holder. Natural fractures in the Barnett Shale and theirimportance for hydraulic fracture treatments [J]. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
Kent A. Bowker. Barnett Shale gas production, Fort Worth Basin: Issues and discussion [J]. AAPGBulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
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Krumbein W. C. Shales and their environmental significance [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1947,17(3):101-108.
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