基于分形理论沥青路表面离析判别方法研究
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摘要
沥青路面是我国路面结构的主要型式。沥青混合料的离析是沥青路面产生早期破坏的主要原因之一。国内外许多研究学者针对控制沥青混合料在施工过程中发生离析的方法展开了许多研究,取得了较大的进步。目前,对沥青路面离析的判定和检测方法主要依赖于观察法、铺沙法、路面雷达法和取芯法,这些方法存在主观性强、测速慢和误差大,且具有一定的破坏性。为此,亟需提出一种快速高效、客观无损的沥青路面离析检测技术。
分形理论作为研究自然界复杂现象的非线性理论新工具,在描述评价具有层次连续性、随机性或不规则性等特征的对象方面,具有很强的功能。对微观、细观层次下的精细结构和自相似特征能有效地描述。沥青路面从级配设计到铺筑成型后,在体积和性能形态方面均表现出统计自相似性,传统的经验指标很难对离析进行准确的描述和评价,故可以借助于分形理论进行定量地分析。
本文借助激光断面构造仪,测量获得能精确描述沥青路面表面轮廓曲折边界的数据,基于分形理论提出分维特征参数作为描述沥青混合料离析的指标,对级配特征和路表面构造轮廓具有的分形特征进行计算分析,发现不同级配和路表面构造轮廓具有不同分维值。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出粗细集料不同级配的分形评价模式和路表面构造轮廓的分形评价指标。
文中所得结论和研究方法对沥青混凝土路面离析判别技术的研究和应用具有重要的借鉴意义。
Asphalt pavement has become the primary pavement type in our country. The segregation of asphalt mixture is one of the main reasons for the damage in the early stage of asphalt pavement. Many researchers all over the world have explored extensively research on the segregation of the asphalt mixture during the process of the construction. Recently, the test and estimation of segregation in asphalt pavements mainly rely on traditional methods as visual identification, sand patch testing, ground-penetrating radar and coring. Due to some disadvantages of these test methods metioned, such as slow test speed, subjectivity, deviation and some destructivity. Therefore, it is urgent to find a nondestructive segregation test technology of asphalt pavement with high speed and objectivity.
Fractal theory is a new theoretical non-linear tool to study complicate phenomena in nature, and has a powerful function in describing and evaluating the phenomena with continuous in scale, stochastic in distribute or erose in shape. Fractal theory can describe microstructure, ultrastructure and self-similarity characteristics effectively. From gradation design to pavement construction, there are so many self-similarity characteristics in asphalt pavement. Based on traditional index, it is difficult to describe and evaluate the segregation accurately. In this paper, we choose fractal theory as the method to give them a quantitative analysis.
In this paper we get a lot of data, which can describe the surface of asphalt pavement directly, based on Laser Cross Section Instrument. Turn to fractal theory and propose fractal index to describe segregation, then study the fractal characteristics of gradation and pavement texture and find that different fractal dimensions can reflect different details of gradation and pavement texture. Based on the tests and fractal analysis, propose a fractal evaluate model of gradations and fractal evaluate index of pavement texture.
The conclusions and fractal method of this paper will provide an important reference for research and application of segeregation evaluation in the further.
分形理论作为研究自然界复杂现象的非线性理论新工具,在描述评价具有层次连续性、随机性或不规则性等特征的对象方面,具有很强的功能。对微观、细观层次下的精细结构和自相似特征能有效地描述。沥青路面从级配设计到铺筑成型后,在体积和性能形态方面均表现出统计自相似性,传统的经验指标很难对离析进行准确的描述和评价,故可以借助于分形理论进行定量地分析。
本文借助激光断面构造仪,测量获得能精确描述沥青路面表面轮廓曲折边界的数据,基于分形理论提出分维特征参数作为描述沥青混合料离析的指标,对级配特征和路表面构造轮廓具有的分形特征进行计算分析,发现不同级配和路表面构造轮廓具有不同分维值。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出粗细集料不同级配的分形评价模式和路表面构造轮廓的分形评价指标。
文中所得结论和研究方法对沥青混凝土路面离析判别技术的研究和应用具有重要的借鉴意义。
Asphalt pavement has become the primary pavement type in our country. The segregation of asphalt mixture is one of the main reasons for the damage in the early stage of asphalt pavement. Many researchers all over the world have explored extensively research on the segregation of the asphalt mixture during the process of the construction. Recently, the test and estimation of segregation in asphalt pavements mainly rely on traditional methods as visual identification, sand patch testing, ground-penetrating radar and coring. Due to some disadvantages of these test methods metioned, such as slow test speed, subjectivity, deviation and some destructivity. Therefore, it is urgent to find a nondestructive segregation test technology of asphalt pavement with high speed and objectivity.
Fractal theory is a new theoretical non-linear tool to study complicate phenomena in nature, and has a powerful function in describing and evaluating the phenomena with continuous in scale, stochastic in distribute or erose in shape. Fractal theory can describe microstructure, ultrastructure and self-similarity characteristics effectively. From gradation design to pavement construction, there are so many self-similarity characteristics in asphalt pavement. Based on traditional index, it is difficult to describe and evaluate the segregation accurately. In this paper, we choose fractal theory as the method to give them a quantitative analysis.
In this paper we get a lot of data, which can describe the surface of asphalt pavement directly, based on Laser Cross Section Instrument. Turn to fractal theory and propose fractal index to describe segregation, then study the fractal characteristics of gradation and pavement texture and find that different fractal dimensions can reflect different details of gradation and pavement texture. Based on the tests and fractal analysis, propose a fractal evaluate model of gradations and fractal evaluate index of pavement texture.
The conclusions and fractal method of this paper will provide an important reference for research and application of segeregation evaluation in the further.
引文
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[4] NAPA.Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement.NCHRP Report441, 2000
[5] WSTC.Construction-Related Asphalt Concrete Pavement Temperature Differentials and the Corresponding Density Differentials.FHA Report, 2001
[6] Meegoda J N, Rowe G M, Andris Jumikis, et al. Nishantha Bandara and Nicholas Gephart. Detection of surface segregation using Laser.Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research, 2003
[7] Alberta Transportation Paving Guidelines and Segregation Rating Manual.Canada, 2002
[8] Jun-Xia Wu and Pedro Romero. Analysis of Multivariate Models to Evaluate Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements. Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research, 2004
[9]包秀宁,张肖宁,王端宜等.应用构造深度表征沥青路面的离析.公路交通科技,2006,23(9):20-22
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[11]王端宜,张肖宁,王绍怀.表面离析作为沥青混凝土路面施工质量评价指标的研究.公路,2005,(1):54-58
[12]张肖宁,姜旺恒,李智等.基于无损检测的转运车使用效果评价.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(6):62-66
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[15]迟凤霞,张肖宁,薛忠军等.基于激光纹理仪的沥青路面表面离析评价方法.中国公路学报,2008,21(5):1-5
[16] Prowell B D, Hanson D. Evaluation of Circular Texture Meter for Measuring Surface Texture of Pavements. Transportation Research Record, 2005, (1929): 88-96
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[23]陈军,刘常福.沥青混凝土路面离析现象的检测方法.辽宁交通科技,2004,(5):19-20
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[27]张国柄,邱志雄等.评价沥青路面离析状态的无损检测方法探讨.中外公路, 2006,26(3):102-104
[28]成华,王海峰等.热拌沥青混合料宏观构造离析检测方法的现场验证.中外公路,2008,28(1):45-47
[29]邱志雄,潘放等.数字图像和激光构造深度离析分析方法在开阳高速公路的应用.公路,2003,8(8):91-94
[30]郑晓光,朱云升等.应用构造深度评价沥青混合料离析.公路,2005,12(12):175-179
[31]陈少幸,张肖宁.应用PQI评价沥青路面离析的研究.公路交通科技,2006,23(5):11-15
[32]张起森,王辉等译.热拌沥青混合料铺面手册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2008:209-212
[33]彭余华.沥青混合料离析特征判别与控制方法的研究:[长安大学博士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2006,11-82
[34]郝培文,刘红瑛.沥青路面施工质量控制与验收务实.北京:人民交通出版社, 2007:235-250
[35]徐世法,季节等.沥青铺装层病害防治与典型实例.北京:人民交通出版社, 2005:80-87
[36]张超,郑南翔等.路基路面试验检测技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:380-405
[37] Donna Harmelink, Scott Shuler, Tim Aschenbrener. Top-Down Cracking inAsphalt Pavements: Causes, Effects, and Cures. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2008, 134(1):1-3
[38] Kim Gilbert. Thermal Segregation: Research Report. Colorado: Colorado Department of Transportation. 2005,:1-18
[39] Amin EI Gendy, Ahmed Shalaby. Mean Profile Depth of Pavement Surface Macrotexture Using Photometric Stereo Techniques. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2007, 133(7):433-440
[40]张济忠.分形.北京:清华大学出版社,1995:1-138
[41]孙霞,吴自勤等.分形原理及其应用.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2003:23-73
[42] B.H.Kaye.分形漫步.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1994:1-68
[43]葛世荣,朱华.摩擦学分形.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:1-124
[44] J.D Orford, W.B Whalley. The Use of the Fractal Dimension to Quantify the Morphology of Irregular-Shaped Partiles. Sedimentology. 1983, (33):655-668
[45]王协康,方铎等.非均匀沙床面粗糙度的分形特征.水利学报,1999,7(7):70-73
[46]陈瑜,张大千等.分形在混凝土损伤表面的应用及其分数维的计算方法探讨.混凝土,2004,10(11):18-21
[47]黄宝涛,梁轶等.沥青混合料抗车辙性能的分形描述方法.交通运输工程学报, 2007,7(6):59-63
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[2]严家伋.道路建筑材料.北京:人民交通出版社,2001:70-98
[3]沈金安.关于沥青混合料的均匀性和离析问题.公路交通科技,2001,18(6):20-24
[4] NAPA.Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement.NCHRP Report441, 2000
[5] WSTC.Construction-Related Asphalt Concrete Pavement Temperature Differentials and the Corresponding Density Differentials.FHA Report, 2001
[6] Meegoda J N, Rowe G M, Andris Jumikis, et al. Nishantha Bandara and Nicholas Gephart. Detection of surface segregation using Laser.Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research, 2003
[7] Alberta Transportation Paving Guidelines and Segregation Rating Manual.Canada, 2002
[8] Jun-Xia Wu and Pedro Romero. Analysis of Multivariate Models to Evaluate Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements. Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research, 2004
[9]包秀宁,张肖宁,王端宜等.应用构造深度表征沥青路面的离析.公路交通科技,2006,23(9):20-22
[10]包秀宁.论沥青路面不均匀性研究.公路,2006,(9):148-150
[11]王端宜,张肖宁,王绍怀.表面离析作为沥青混凝土路面施工质量评价指标的研究.公路,2005,(1):54-58
[12]张肖宁,姜旺恒,李智等.基于无损检测的转运车使用效果评价.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(6):62-66
[13]王端宜,李维杰,张肖宁.用数字图像技术评价和测量沥青路表面构造深度.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(2):42-45
[14]麻旭荣,李立寒.沥青混合料级配离析判别指标的探讨.公路交通科技,2006,23(2):48-51
[15]迟凤霞,张肖宁,薛忠军等.基于激光纹理仪的沥青路面表面离析评价方法.中国公路学报,2008,21(5):1-5
[16] Prowell B D, Hanson D. Evaluation of Circular Texture Meter for Measuring Surface Texture of Pavements. Transportation Research Record, 2005, (1929): 88-96
[17]邓习树,李自光,李冰.基于转运车的沥青混凝土路面机械化施工工艺应用研究.中国公路学报,2005,18(2):116-119
[18]彭余华,罗志华.沥青混合料集料离析特征分析.公路,2008,10(10):91-96
[19]郑晓光,丛林.沥青混合料离析评价方法的介绍.石油沥青,2005,19(6):43-47
[20] Williams R C, Duncan G Jr, White T D. Hot-Mix Asphalt Segregation: Measurement and Effects. Transportation Research Record, 1996, (1543): 97-105
[21]田小革,吕松涛,郑健龙.沥青混合料转运车对减轻沥青路面级配离析的作用.公路交通科技,2005,22(6):21-23
[22]付辛,彭勇.沥青混凝土路面离析评价方法新构想.公路,2005,8(8):343-346
[23]陈军,刘常福.沥青混凝土路面离析现象的检测方法.辽宁交通科技,2004,(5):19-20
[24]彭余华,沙爱民.沥青路面不均匀性的影响因素分析.公路交通科技,2006,23(6):9-13
[25]姜海涛,罗青等.沥青路面离析的表现形态与机理分析.公路交通科技,2008,25(11):11-15
[26]伏晓宁.沥青路面摊铺离析评价方法研究.公路交通科技,2008,25(4):37-41
[27]张国柄,邱志雄等.评价沥青路面离析状态的无损检测方法探讨.中外公路, 2006,26(3):102-104
[28]成华,王海峰等.热拌沥青混合料宏观构造离析检测方法的现场验证.中外公路,2008,28(1):45-47
[29]邱志雄,潘放等.数字图像和激光构造深度离析分析方法在开阳高速公路的应用.公路,2003,8(8):91-94
[30]郑晓光,朱云升等.应用构造深度评价沥青混合料离析.公路,2005,12(12):175-179
[31]陈少幸,张肖宁.应用PQI评价沥青路面离析的研究.公路交通科技,2006,23(5):11-15
[32]张起森,王辉等译.热拌沥青混合料铺面手册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2008:209-212
[33]彭余华.沥青混合料离析特征判别与控制方法的研究:[长安大学博士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2006,11-82
[34]郝培文,刘红瑛.沥青路面施工质量控制与验收务实.北京:人民交通出版社, 2007:235-250
[35]徐世法,季节等.沥青铺装层病害防治与典型实例.北京:人民交通出版社, 2005:80-87
[36]张超,郑南翔等.路基路面试验检测技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:380-405
[37] Donna Harmelink, Scott Shuler, Tim Aschenbrener. Top-Down Cracking inAsphalt Pavements: Causes, Effects, and Cures. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2008, 134(1):1-3
[38] Kim Gilbert. Thermal Segregation: Research Report. Colorado: Colorado Department of Transportation. 2005,:1-18
[39] Amin EI Gendy, Ahmed Shalaby. Mean Profile Depth of Pavement Surface Macrotexture Using Photometric Stereo Techniques. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2007, 133(7):433-440
[40]张济忠.分形.北京:清华大学出版社,1995:1-138
[41]孙霞,吴自勤等.分形原理及其应用.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2003:23-73
[42] B.H.Kaye.分形漫步.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1994:1-68
[43]葛世荣,朱华.摩擦学分形.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:1-124
[44] J.D Orford, W.B Whalley. The Use of the Fractal Dimension to Quantify the Morphology of Irregular-Shaped Partiles. Sedimentology. 1983, (33):655-668
[45]王协康,方铎等.非均匀沙床面粗糙度的分形特征.水利学报,1999,7(7):70-73
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