基于FDTD的环行器和天线研究
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摘要
通信技术的迅速发展和应用推动着通信设备向小型化、宽频带、多频段发展。结环行器和天线是通信系统中的重要器件,它们性能的高低直接决定着整个通信系统能否正常而高效的工作,大功率微波系统的应用使得高功率宽带环行器受到人们的重视,因此,研究小型、多频天线和高功率宽带环形器具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。
近年来,通信系统向着大容量、多功能和智能化发展,微带天线的双频特性和宽带设计引起了人们很大的兴趣。蜂窝电话和无线局域网(WLAN)为双频宽带天线提供了广阔的应用平台。研究具有双频特性并适用于WLAN的小型化微带天线,具有重要意义。
计算电磁学结合了计算机技术、数值计算学和电磁学等相关学科的知识。时域有限差分法(FDTD)由于其强大的功能,成为电磁场数值模拟的最重要方法之一。在对FDTD算法的研究上,如何在小计算存储量下达到所需的吸收性能成为各种吸收边界条件研究的目标。FDTD通过时域近远场变换算法来计算天线远场辐射特性,但数据存储量大,计算速度较慢。如何减少其计算存储量也是研究的热点。
本论文采用FDTD对波导环行器和双频微带天线进行了研究,取得了一定的研究成果,主要有:
首先,提出了采用偏心铁氧体的宽带E面T结波导环行器的设计方法,减少了环形器设计时需要调节的参数个数。利用FDTD对其进行优化和计算,并进行了实际制作与测试。测试结果与计算结果相吻合,表明了设计方法的正确性与计算结果的准确性。
其次,提出了在FDTD中使用的Mur—UPML混合吸收边界,并将其应用于偏心铁氧体环行器的分析中。计算结果表明,与单一吸收边界相比,该混合吸收边界能够在保持精度不变的前提下,减少计算所需时间。
第三,采用新型有机磁性材料为基片,提出了一种适合于WLAN的小型化双频天线结构。利用降维时域有限差分法(R-FDTD)研究了不同宽度的槽对天线谐振频率以及馈电位置对天线性能的影响。对天线的测试结果表明,该天线具有良好的性能,能够满足WEAN的要求。
第四,提出了R-FDTD中基于时域抽样法的近远场变换算法,以进一步减小计算存储量。与采用普通R-FDTD算法相比,该算法在计算天线远场方向图时能够明显降低计算存储量,减少计算时间。
With the rapid development of communication technology, the devices for modern communications are required to be compact and wideband. Junction circulators and antennas are important equipments in communication system, which decide whether the communication system can achieve high performance. With the use of high power microwave system, people pay more attention to those circulators which can offer high power-handling capability.
Communication system is developing toward larger capacity, multi-functions and intelligence; there have been increasing interests in dual frequency and wideband operation of microstrip antennas in recent years. The quick development of cellular telephone and wireless local area network (WLAN) provides broad platform for wideband dual-frequency antenna. It is very meaningful to design compact dual-band WLAN microstrip antenna.
Computational electromagnetics is the combination of several subjects including computer technology, computational mathematics and electromagnetics. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one of the most important methods in computational electromagnetics for its powerful capability. The goal of absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD is to achieve absorption performance with less computer storage. The radiation field characteristics of antenna can be computed by using near-field to far-field transformation in FDTD with huge amount of memory occupation and low speed. How to reduce storage demands is a research hotspot in FDTD.
In the researches on waveguide junction circulator and dual-frequency antenna, many results are obtained by this dissertation. The results are as follows:
Firstly, a novel broadband E-plane T-junction waveguide circulator with off-center ferrite discs is developed. This method can reduce the number of design parameters. FDTD method is applied to optimize parameters in the circulator. Fabrication and testing of the circulator are carried out. The correctness of the proposed method and calculation results are proved by testing results.
Secondly, a mixed absorbing boundary condition based on Mur-UPML is proposed and applied in the analysis of circulator with off-center ferrite discs. The calculation result shows that the mixed absorbing boundary conditions can reduce the time for calculation significantly without reducing accuracy.
Thirdly, a compact and dual-band micro-strip antenna for WLAN application is researched with organic magnetic materials. The influences of the slots on the antenna resonant frequency and the feed position on the antenna performance are studied by using reduced finite-difference time-domain(R-FDTD) method. The testing results show that the dualband antenna has good performance and can operate well in WLAN frequencies.
The dissertation proposes a method to reduce storage demands in the near-field to far-field transformation in R-FDTD by reducing the data in near-field. Calculation results show that the method can improve the calculation efficiency with satisfied accuracy comparing with common R-FDTD method.
近年来,通信系统向着大容量、多功能和智能化发展,微带天线的双频特性和宽带设计引起了人们很大的兴趣。蜂窝电话和无线局域网(WLAN)为双频宽带天线提供了广阔的应用平台。研究具有双频特性并适用于WLAN的小型化微带天线,具有重要意义。
计算电磁学结合了计算机技术、数值计算学和电磁学等相关学科的知识。时域有限差分法(FDTD)由于其强大的功能,成为电磁场数值模拟的最重要方法之一。在对FDTD算法的研究上,如何在小计算存储量下达到所需的吸收性能成为各种吸收边界条件研究的目标。FDTD通过时域近远场变换算法来计算天线远场辐射特性,但数据存储量大,计算速度较慢。如何减少其计算存储量也是研究的热点。
本论文采用FDTD对波导环行器和双频微带天线进行了研究,取得了一定的研究成果,主要有:
首先,提出了采用偏心铁氧体的宽带E面T结波导环行器的设计方法,减少了环形器设计时需要调节的参数个数。利用FDTD对其进行优化和计算,并进行了实际制作与测试。测试结果与计算结果相吻合,表明了设计方法的正确性与计算结果的准确性。
其次,提出了在FDTD中使用的Mur—UPML混合吸收边界,并将其应用于偏心铁氧体环行器的分析中。计算结果表明,与单一吸收边界相比,该混合吸收边界能够在保持精度不变的前提下,减少计算所需时间。
第三,采用新型有机磁性材料为基片,提出了一种适合于WLAN的小型化双频天线结构。利用降维时域有限差分法(R-FDTD)研究了不同宽度的槽对天线谐振频率以及馈电位置对天线性能的影响。对天线的测试结果表明,该天线具有良好的性能,能够满足WEAN的要求。
第四,提出了R-FDTD中基于时域抽样法的近远场变换算法,以进一步减小计算存储量。与采用普通R-FDTD算法相比,该算法在计算天线远场方向图时能够明显降低计算存储量,减少计算时间。
With the rapid development of communication technology, the devices for modern communications are required to be compact and wideband. Junction circulators and antennas are important equipments in communication system, which decide whether the communication system can achieve high performance. With the use of high power microwave system, people pay more attention to those circulators which can offer high power-handling capability.
Communication system is developing toward larger capacity, multi-functions and intelligence; there have been increasing interests in dual frequency and wideband operation of microstrip antennas in recent years. The quick development of cellular telephone and wireless local area network (WLAN) provides broad platform for wideband dual-frequency antenna. It is very meaningful to design compact dual-band WLAN microstrip antenna.
Computational electromagnetics is the combination of several subjects including computer technology, computational mathematics and electromagnetics. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one of the most important methods in computational electromagnetics for its powerful capability. The goal of absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD is to achieve absorption performance with less computer storage. The radiation field characteristics of antenna can be computed by using near-field to far-field transformation in FDTD with huge amount of memory occupation and low speed. How to reduce storage demands is a research hotspot in FDTD.
In the researches on waveguide junction circulator and dual-frequency antenna, many results are obtained by this dissertation. The results are as follows:
Firstly, a novel broadband E-plane T-junction waveguide circulator with off-center ferrite discs is developed. This method can reduce the number of design parameters. FDTD method is applied to optimize parameters in the circulator. Fabrication and testing of the circulator are carried out. The correctness of the proposed method and calculation results are proved by testing results.
Secondly, a mixed absorbing boundary condition based on Mur-UPML is proposed and applied in the analysis of circulator with off-center ferrite discs. The calculation result shows that the mixed absorbing boundary conditions can reduce the time for calculation significantly without reducing accuracy.
Thirdly, a compact and dual-band micro-strip antenna for WLAN application is researched with organic magnetic materials. The influences of the slots on the antenna resonant frequency and the feed position on the antenna performance are studied by using reduced finite-difference time-domain(R-FDTD) method. The testing results show that the dualband antenna has good performance and can operate well in WLAN frequencies.
The dissertation proposes a method to reduce storage demands in the near-field to far-field transformation in R-FDTD by reducing the data in near-field. Calculation results show that the method can improve the calculation efficiency with satisfied accuracy comparing with common R-FDTD method.
引文
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