高温非均质砂岩储层变粘胶束酸分流酸化技术及酸岩反应机理研究
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摘要
针对高温非均质砂岩储层酸化时酸液有效置放困难、高温砂岩酸岩反应过程中会出现水合二氧化硅沉淀及二次伤害明显的问题，本文首次提出采用抗高温体系的两性粘弹性表面活性剂研制适用于高温非均质砂岩储层分流酸化的变粘胶束分流酸，成功研制出了在高温砂岩储层中具有自转向功能的芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱变粘胶束分流酸；首次系统地建立了高温砂岩酸化流体流动与化学反应耦合动力学模型，用计算机程序实现了高温酸岩反应过程的重复再现，量化这种水合二氧化硅和确定了其产生的位置，建立了优化高温砂岩储层酸化设计参数的方法；同时建立了胶束凝胶分流模型和能反映包括分流剂在内的各种工作液工作状况的实时间监测模型，形成了砂岩胶束分流酸酸化技术。论文完成的主要工作有：
Ⅰ．从表面活性剂结构与性能的关系研究入手，重点分析表面活性剂胶束的形成特点和表面活性剂溶液胶束聚集随pH值变化的特点，从中得出只有两性表面活性剂的胶束溶液的粘弹性具有显著的pH值效应，详细分析了两性表面活性剂分子结构与性能的关系，设计出了具有良好粘弹性行为的两性粘弹性表面活性剂的分子结构，并对其命名为芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱。
Ⅱ．通过对两性表面活性剂合成方法的研究，探索出芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成方法，经过反复多次的合成实验尝试，成功合成出芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱，测定了反应产物的含量，并通过正交实验优化了合成条件。
Ⅲ．从芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱酸液与砂岩矿物反应及其变粘机理研究入手，研制出了适用于砂岩分流酸化的粘弹性表面活性剂酸液体系，并研究了这种酸液体系的粘弹性行为和流变性，以及各种酸液添加剂对其流变性的影响，最后用岩心流动实验对其性能进行了评价。
Ⅳ．在掌握了高温砂岩酸化酸岩反应机理的基础上，首先推导了自然界中通用的流体流动与化学反应耦合动力学模型，然后建立了高温砂岩酸化流体流动与化学反应耦合动力学模型，并对模型进行了数值解，用计算机程序实现了高温酸岩反应过程的重复再现，通过改变不同的操作条件和操作参数揭示了高温条件下酸岩反应过程中水合二氧化硅的形成特点，在不同的关键的酸化参数下(排量、用酸体积、温度、HCL与HF的比和HF浓度)量化了在不同条件下水合二氧化硅产生的数量，确定了其产生的位置，最后采用二次伤害和溶蚀能力综合诊断图版的方法来优化酸化设计参数。
Ⅴ．从考虑粘性表皮系数出发，建立了胶束凝胶分流模型和能反映包括分流剂在内的各种工作液工作状况的实时监测模型。从计算结果分析了各小层渗透率差异和表皮系数差异对分流设计的影响，完成了分流酸化时对粘性表皮系数和伤害解除过程中真实表皮系数演变的实时监测，优化了施工过程。
Confront with the problem of effective layout of acid and the problem of second damage of silica gel during reaction of acid with mineral in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir, this article firstly put forward develop amphoteric viscoelastic surfactant micelle acid used for diversion acid in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir, successfully developed sinapic amido propyl betaine micelle acid which own the property of self-diverting; systematic established coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction of acidizing in high temperature reservoir firstly, realized repeat reproduce of the reaction process of reaction of acid with mineral, quantized silica gel and ascertained its location, established optimal design method of acidizing in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir; In the same time, established micelle gel diversion model and real-time monitoring model which can response the working state of diverter and other working fluid, formed sandstone micelle acid diversion acidizng technology. The main work of this article include:
I . Originate with the research of the relation of construction and property of surfactant, emphatically analyse the feature of micelle form and the property of micelle aggregating under different pH, draw a conclusion that the viscosity of amphoteric surfactant fluid own significant pH effect, In detail analysed the relation of construction and property of amphoteric surfactant, design out a new amphoteric viscoelastic surfactant molecular structure, denominate sinapic amido propyl betaine.
II. Through the research of synthesis method of amphoteric surfactant, track out the synthesis method of sinapic amido propyl betaine, successfully synthesized sinapic amido propyl betaine, measured the amount of product, optimized synthesis condition by orthogonal experiment.
III. Originate with the research of the reaction of sinapic amido propyl betaine acid with sandstone mineral and its viscosity changing mechanism, researched out the viscoelastic surfactant acid system which can be applied in sandstone reservoir, and studied its viscoelastic behaviour and rheology, also the effect of additive on its rheology, finally, evaluated its property by core flow experiment.
IV. On the basis of mastered the mechanism of reaction of mud acid and sandstone mineral, firstly derived the coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction in nature, thence established coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction of acidizing in high temperature reservoir, and solved the model by computer program, repeat reproduce of the reaction process of reaction of acid with mineral by computer program, through changing the operation condition and the operation parameter revealed the feature of silica gel generating,
Ⅰ．从表面活性剂结构与性能的关系研究入手，重点分析表面活性剂胶束的形成特点和表面活性剂溶液胶束聚集随pH值变化的特点，从中得出只有两性表面活性剂的胶束溶液的粘弹性具有显著的pH值效应，详细分析了两性表面活性剂分子结构与性能的关系，设计出了具有良好粘弹性行为的两性粘弹性表面活性剂的分子结构，并对其命名为芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱。
Ⅱ．通过对两性表面活性剂合成方法的研究，探索出芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成方法，经过反复多次的合成实验尝试，成功合成出芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱，测定了反应产物的含量，并通过正交实验优化了合成条件。
Ⅲ．从芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱酸液与砂岩矿物反应及其变粘机理研究入手，研制出了适用于砂岩分流酸化的粘弹性表面活性剂酸液体系，并研究了这种酸液体系的粘弹性行为和流变性，以及各种酸液添加剂对其流变性的影响，最后用岩心流动实验对其性能进行了评价。
Ⅳ．在掌握了高温砂岩酸化酸岩反应机理的基础上，首先推导了自然界中通用的流体流动与化学反应耦合动力学模型，然后建立了高温砂岩酸化流体流动与化学反应耦合动力学模型，并对模型进行了数值解，用计算机程序实现了高温酸岩反应过程的重复再现，通过改变不同的操作条件和操作参数揭示了高温条件下酸岩反应过程中水合二氧化硅的形成特点，在不同的关键的酸化参数下(排量、用酸体积、温度、HCL与HF的比和HF浓度)量化了在不同条件下水合二氧化硅产生的数量，确定了其产生的位置，最后采用二次伤害和溶蚀能力综合诊断图版的方法来优化酸化设计参数。
Ⅴ．从考虑粘性表皮系数出发，建立了胶束凝胶分流模型和能反映包括分流剂在内的各种工作液工作状况的实时监测模型。从计算结果分析了各小层渗透率差异和表皮系数差异对分流设计的影响，完成了分流酸化时对粘性表皮系数和伤害解除过程中真实表皮系数演变的实时监测，优化了施工过程。
Confront with the problem of effective layout of acid and the problem of second damage of silica gel during reaction of acid with mineral in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir, this article firstly put forward develop amphoteric viscoelastic surfactant micelle acid used for diversion acid in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir, successfully developed sinapic amido propyl betaine micelle acid which own the property of self-diverting; systematic established coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction of acidizing in high temperature reservoir firstly, realized repeat reproduce of the reaction process of reaction of acid with mineral, quantized silica gel and ascertained its location, established optimal design method of acidizing in high temperature heterogeneity sandstone reservoir; In the same time, established micelle gel diversion model and real-time monitoring model which can response the working state of diverter and other working fluid, formed sandstone micelle acid diversion acidizng technology. The main work of this article include:
I . Originate with the research of the relation of construction and property of surfactant, emphatically analyse the feature of micelle form and the property of micelle aggregating under different pH, draw a conclusion that the viscosity of amphoteric surfactant fluid own significant pH effect, In detail analysed the relation of construction and property of amphoteric surfactant, design out a new amphoteric viscoelastic surfactant molecular structure, denominate sinapic amido propyl betaine.
II. Through the research of synthesis method of amphoteric surfactant, track out the synthesis method of sinapic amido propyl betaine, successfully synthesized sinapic amido propyl betaine, measured the amount of product, optimized synthesis condition by orthogonal experiment.
III. Originate with the research of the reaction of sinapic amido propyl betaine acid with sandstone mineral and its viscosity changing mechanism, researched out the viscoelastic surfactant acid system which can be applied in sandstone reservoir, and studied its viscoelastic behaviour and rheology, also the effect of additive on its rheology, finally, evaluated its property by core flow experiment.
IV. On the basis of mastered the mechanism of reaction of mud acid and sandstone mineral, firstly derived the coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction in nature, thence established coupling kinetics model of flowing and reaction of acidizing in high temperature reservoir, and solved the model by computer program, repeat reproduce of the reaction process of reaction of acid with mineral by computer program, through changing the operation condition and the operation parameter revealed the feature of silica gel generating,
引文
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