DNA损伤应答：杂种细胞染色体不稳定及miR-214调控RNF8的研究
|
摘要
在大量的种间杂种细胞中,来自一个物种的染色体易发生丢失,而另一个物种的染色体则通常保持完整；例如,在人和小鼠的杂种细胞中,大量的人源染色体会被丢失。关于单一物种染色体丢失的机制目前仍知之甚少。在人工诱导或者有性杂交形成的杂种细胞研究中,对于染色体的丢失,前人曾提出一些假设,如物种间染色体分离不同步、核蛋白复制不同步及染色体空间隔离等；然而这些假设均源于对少量的固定细胞观察所得。活细胞实时摄影技术可追踪观察染色体在细胞周期进程中的行为,可准确确定染色体丢失的途径。本研究利用活细胞实时摄影和荧光原位杂交等技术,发现人鼠杂种细胞中人源染色体的丢失是渐进性的,以染色体断片的形式丢失。这种丢失与人源染色体上存在未修复的DNA损伤而细胞持续分裂有关。人源染色体上未修复的DNA损伤,可能是由于细胞发生融合后DNA损伤修复机制发生改变所致。此外,通过辐照增加人源染色体上的DNA损伤会加速杂种细胞中人源染色体的丢失,进一步表明,在人鼠杂种细胞中,人源染色体的丢失是因为人源染色体存在未修复的DNA损伤所致。综上,通过研究人鼠杂种细胞中染色体不稳定性,发现了一条新的引起染色体不稳定性的机制；该研究可为了解肿瘤发生提供参考。另外,本研究也提示：杂种细胞可作为深入研究DNA损伤应答分子机制的细胞模型。
在多类肿瘤中,肿瘤的发生与DNA损伤应答的异常密切相关。DNA损伤应答信号通路包括感应DNA损伤、信号传递和促进DNA损伤修复等,其缺陷将导致肿瘤中普遍的特征之一染色体不稳定的发生。然而,目前对于这条信号通路仍不甚了解。泛素化连接酶RNF8介导着H2AX的泛素化,从而促进53BP1和BRCA1被募集到DNA损伤部位,进而促进DNA损伤修复,防止染色体不稳定。虽然RNF8是DNA损伤应答通路中的关键蛋白,但是对其表达的调控目前尚不清楚。本研究发现,在人卵巢癌细胞株中,miR-214可以通过结合3’UTR来抑制RNF8的表达,从而对DNA损伤应答造成干扰。同时,抑制miR-214的功能则可增加RNF8的表达,增强细胞的DNA损伤修复能力。另外,高表达不带有3’UTR的RNF8可以拯救miR-214过表达的效应。综上,这些结果表明,miR-214介导的RNF8的下调将干扰对DNA损伤的应答,进而导致卵巢癌染色体不稳定；该研究将有助于认识染色体不稳定性发生机制。
In many interspecific hybrid cells, the chromosomes from one parental set preferentially lose, while those from the other parent are retained. In human-mouse hybrid cells, the extensive chromosomal elimination of human genome often occurs. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying the elimination of uniparental chromosomes in the interspecific hybrid cells formed by sexual hybridization or artificial cell fusion, such as asynchronous chromosome segregation, asynchronous nucleoprotein synthesis or spatial separation of parental genomes, etc. However, these hypotheses were derived from the observations on small numbers of fixed cells, and the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Live cell imaging can be used to observe the dynamics of chromosomes during progression of cell cycle, to determine the way of chromosome loss. Here, we for the first time found that the elimination of human chromosomes is progressive through the loss of fragmented chromosomes. The results showed that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells is accompanied by continued cell division at the presence of DNA damage on human chromosomes. Deficiency in DNA damage repair on human chromosomes occurs after cell fusion. Furthermore, increasing the level of DNA damage on human chromosomes by irradiation accelerates human chromosome loss in hybrid cells. Our results indicate that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells results from unrepaired DNA damage on human chromosomes. Altogether, we study CIN in human-mouse hybrid cells formed by cell fusion and provide direct evidence for a novel mechanism underlying CIN, which may facilitate the understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our results show that human-mouse hybrid cells may be as a good model to facilitate the research on the mechanisms of DNA damage response.
A defective DNA damage response in tumours is frequently associated with carcinogenesis. The DNA damage response includes sensing DNA lesions, signal transduction and promoting damage repair. Abrogation of this response can cause chromosome instability, which is a common characteristic of most tumours. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms on the regulation of this network are still elusive. The ubiquitin ligase RNF8mediates the ubiquitination of H2AX to recruit53BP1and BRCAl at DNA damage sites, further promoting DNA damage response and inhibiting chromosomal instability. Though RNF8is a key protein involved in the DNA damage response, regulation of its expression is poorly understood. Here, we show that miR-214represses RNF8expression in ovarian cancer cell lines, by binding to its3'-untranslated region and so impairs the DNA damage response, while antagonizing miR-214increases RNF8expression and thus improves the level of DNA damage repair. Consistent with the role of miR-214in regulating RNF8level, the impaired DNA repair induced by miR-214over-expression can be rescued by over-expressing RNF8without3'-untranslated region. Together, these results suggest that miR-214-mediated down-regulation of RNF8impedes DNA damage response to induce chromosome instability in ovarian cancers, which may facilitates the understanding of mechanisms of chromosome instability.
在多类肿瘤中,肿瘤的发生与DNA损伤应答的异常密切相关。DNA损伤应答信号通路包括感应DNA损伤、信号传递和促进DNA损伤修复等,其缺陷将导致肿瘤中普遍的特征之一染色体不稳定的发生。然而,目前对于这条信号通路仍不甚了解。泛素化连接酶RNF8介导着H2AX的泛素化,从而促进53BP1和BRCA1被募集到DNA损伤部位,进而促进DNA损伤修复,防止染色体不稳定。虽然RNF8是DNA损伤应答通路中的关键蛋白,但是对其表达的调控目前尚不清楚。本研究发现,在人卵巢癌细胞株中,miR-214可以通过结合3’UTR来抑制RNF8的表达,从而对DNA损伤应答造成干扰。同时,抑制miR-214的功能则可增加RNF8的表达,增强细胞的DNA损伤修复能力。另外,高表达不带有3’UTR的RNF8可以拯救miR-214过表达的效应。综上,这些结果表明,miR-214介导的RNF8的下调将干扰对DNA损伤的应答,进而导致卵巢癌染色体不稳定；该研究将有助于认识染色体不稳定性发生机制。
In many interspecific hybrid cells, the chromosomes from one parental set preferentially lose, while those from the other parent are retained. In human-mouse hybrid cells, the extensive chromosomal elimination of human genome often occurs. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying the elimination of uniparental chromosomes in the interspecific hybrid cells formed by sexual hybridization or artificial cell fusion, such as asynchronous chromosome segregation, asynchronous nucleoprotein synthesis or spatial separation of parental genomes, etc. However, these hypotheses were derived from the observations on small numbers of fixed cells, and the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Live cell imaging can be used to observe the dynamics of chromosomes during progression of cell cycle, to determine the way of chromosome loss. Here, we for the first time found that the elimination of human chromosomes is progressive through the loss of fragmented chromosomes. The results showed that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells is accompanied by continued cell division at the presence of DNA damage on human chromosomes. Deficiency in DNA damage repair on human chromosomes occurs after cell fusion. Furthermore, increasing the level of DNA damage on human chromosomes by irradiation accelerates human chromosome loss in hybrid cells. Our results indicate that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells results from unrepaired DNA damage on human chromosomes. Altogether, we study CIN in human-mouse hybrid cells formed by cell fusion and provide direct evidence for a novel mechanism underlying CIN, which may facilitate the understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our results show that human-mouse hybrid cells may be as a good model to facilitate the research on the mechanisms of DNA damage response.
A defective DNA damage response in tumours is frequently associated with carcinogenesis. The DNA damage response includes sensing DNA lesions, signal transduction and promoting damage repair. Abrogation of this response can cause chromosome instability, which is a common characteristic of most tumours. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms on the regulation of this network are still elusive. The ubiquitin ligase RNF8mediates the ubiquitination of H2AX to recruit53BP1and BRCAl at DNA damage sites, further promoting DNA damage response and inhibiting chromosomal instability. Though RNF8is a key protein involved in the DNA damage response, regulation of its expression is poorly understood. Here, we show that miR-214represses RNF8expression in ovarian cancer cell lines, by binding to its3'-untranslated region and so impairs the DNA damage response, while antagonizing miR-214increases RNF8expression and thus improves the level of DNA damage repair. Consistent with the role of miR-214in regulating RNF8level, the impaired DNA repair induced by miR-214over-expression can be rescued by over-expressing RNF8without3'-untranslated region. Together, these results suggest that miR-214-mediated down-regulation of RNF8impedes DNA damage response to induce chromosome instability in ovarian cancers, which may facilitates the understanding of mechanisms of chromosome instability.
引文
Abou-Elhamd, K.E., and Habib, T.N. (2007). The flow cytometric analysis of premalignant and malignant lesions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 43,366-372.
Albertson, D.G., Collins, C., McCormick, R, and Gray, J.W. (2003). Chromosome aberrations in solid tumors. Nat Genet 34,369-376.
Alsop, K., Fereday, S., Meldrum, C., deFazio, A., Emmanuel, C., George, J., Dobrovic, A., Birrer, M.J., Webb, P.M., Stewart, C., et al. (2012). BRCA mutation frequency and patterns of treatment response in BRCA mutation-positive women with ovarian cancer:a report from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Journal of clinical oncology:official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 30,2654-2663.
Alvarez-Dolado, M., Pardal, R., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., Fike, J.R., Lee, H.O., Pfeffer, K., Lois, C., Morrison, S.J., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2003). Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Nature 425,968-973.
Babiarz, J.E., Ruby, J.G., Wang, Y., Bartel, D.P., and Blelloch, R. (2008). Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs. Genes Dev 22,2773-2785.
Bakhoum, S.F., and Compton, D.A. (2012). Chromosomal instability and cancer:a complex relationship with therapeutic potential. J Clin Invest 122,1138-1143.
Bakhoum, S.F., Genovese, G., and Compton, D.A. (2009a). Deviant Kinetochore Microtubule Dynamics Underlie Chromosomal Instability. Curr Biol 19,1937-1942.
Bakhoum, S.F., Thompson, S.L., Manning, A.L., and Compton, D.A. (2009b). Genome stability is ensured by temporal control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics. Nature cell biology 11, 27-U51.
Barnard, D.R., Lange, B., Alonzo, T.A., Buckley, J., Kobrinsky, J.N., Gold, S., Neudorf, S., Sanders, J., Burden, L., and Woods, W.G.(2002). Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children treated for cancer:comparison with primary presentation. Blood 100,427-434.
Barrow, P., Khan, M., Lalloo, F., Evans, D.G, and Hill, J. (2013). Systematic review of the impact of registration and screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Brit J Surg 100,1719-1731.
Bartel, D.P. (2004). MicroRNAs:genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116, 281-297.
Bayani, J., Selvarajah, S., Maire, G., Vukovic, B., Al-Romaih, K., Zielenska, M., and Squire, J.A. (2007). Genomic mechanisms and measurement of structural and numerical instability in cancer cells. Seminars in cancer biology 17,5-18.
Bennett, M.D., Finch, R.A., and Barclay, I.R. (1976). Time Rate and Mechanism of Chromosome Elimination in Hordeum Hybrids. Chromosoma 54,175-200.
Beroukhim, R., Mermel, C.H., Porter, D., Wei, G., Raychaudhuri, S., Donovan, J., Barretina, J., Boehm, J.S., Dobson, J., Urashima, M., et al. (2010). The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers. Nature 463,899-905.
Birchler, J.A., Auger, D.L., and Riddle, N.C. (2003). In search of the molecular basis of heterosis. Plant Cell 15,2236-2239.
Blau, H.M. (2002). A twist of fate. Nature 419,437.
Blond, J.L., Lavillette, D., Cheynet, V., Bouton, O., Oriol, G, Chapel-Fernandes, S., Mandrand, B., Mallet, F., and Cosset, F.L. (2000). An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. J Virol 74,3321-3329.
Borchert, G.M., Lanier, W., and Davidson, B.L. (2006). RNA polymerase III transcribes human microRNAs. Nature structural & molecular biology 13,1097-1101.
Bouwman, P., and Jonkers, J. (2012). The effects of deregulated DNA damage signalling on cancer chemotherapy response and resistance. Nature reviews Cancer 12,587-598.
Briata, P., Chen, C.Y., Ramos, A., and Gherzi, R. (2013). Functional and molecular insights into KSRP function in mRNA decay. Biochim Biophys Acta 1829,689-694.
Brinkley, B.R. (2001a). Managing the centrosome numbers game:from chaos to stability in cancer cell division. Trends Cell Biol 11,18-21:
Brinkley, B.R. (2001b). Managing the centrosome numbers game:from chaos to stability in cancer cell division. Trends Cell Biol 11,18-21.
Bucci, M., and Wente, S.R. (1997). In vivo dynamics of nuclear pore complexes in yeast. J Cell Biol 136,1185-1199.
Carlsson, S.A., Luger, O., Ringertz, N.R., and Savage, R.E. (1974a). Phenotypic Expression in Chick Erythrocyte X Rat Myoblast Hybrids and in Chick Myoblast X Rat Myoblast Hybrids. Experimental cell research 84,47-55.
Carlsson, S.A., Luger, O., Ringertz, N.R., and Savage, R.E. (1974b). Phenotypic expression in chick erythrocyte x rat myoblast hybrids and in chick myoblast x rat myoblast hybrids. Experimental cell research 84,47-55.
Cha, H.J., Seong, K.M., Bae, S., Jung, J.H., Kim, C.S., Yang, K.H., Jin, Y.W., and An, S. (2009). Identification of specific microRNAs responding to low and high dose gamma-irradiation in the human lymphoblast line M9. Oncol Rep 22,863-868.
Chapman, J.R., Taylor, M.R., and Boulton, S.J. (2012). Playing the end game:DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice. Mol Cell 47,497-510.
Chaudhry, MA., Sachdeva, H., and Omaruddin, R.A. (2010). Radiation-induced micro-RNA modulation in glioblastoma cells differing in DNA-repair pathways. DNA and cell biology 29, 553-561.
Chehab, N.H., Malikzay, A., Appel, M., and Halazonetis, T.D. (2000). Chk2/hCdsl functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G(1) by stabilizing p53. Genes Dev 14,278-288.
Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Geng, Y, and Chen, Z. (2000). Inducing somatic meiosis-like reduction at high frequency by caffeine in root-tip cells of Vicia faba. Mutat Res 452,67-72.
Chen, Z.J. (2013). Genomic and epigenetic insights into the molecular bases of heterosis. Nat Rev Genet 14,471-482.
Chendrimada, T.P., Gregory, R.I., Kumaraswamy, E., Norman, J., Cooch, N., Nishikura, K., and Shiekhattar, R. (2005). TRBP recruits the Dicer complex to Ago2 for microRNA processing and gene silencing. Nature 436,740-744.
Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z.H., Keenan, B., Roschke, A.V., Nakahara, K., and Aplan, P.D. (2010). Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks in malignant cells with structural instability. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 683,115-122.
Cieplinski, W., Reardon, P., and Testa, M.A. (1983). Non-Random Human-Chromosome Distribution in Human-Mouse Myeloma Somatic-Cell Hybrids. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 35,93-99.
Cimini, D., Howell, B., Maddox, P., Khodjakov, A., Degrassi, R, and Salmon, E.D. (2001). Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy in mitotic mammalian tissue cells. Journal of Cell Biology 153,517-527.
Compton, D.A. (2011). Mechanisms of aneuploidy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 23,109-113.
Corredor, E., Diez, M., Shepherd, K., and Naranjo, T. (2005). The positioning of rye homologous chromosomes added to wheat through the cell cycle in somatic cells untreated and treated with colchicine. Cytogenet Genome Res 109,112-119.
Curtin, N.J. (2012). DNA repair dysregulation from cancer driver to therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cancer 12,801-817.
Davis, B.N., Hilyard, A.C., Lagna, G., and Hata, A. (2008). SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation. Nature 454,56-61.
Davis, B.N., Hilyard, A.C., Nguyen, PH., Lagna, G, and Hata, A. (2010). Smad proteins bind a conserved RNA sequence to promote microRNA maturation by Drosha. Molecular cell 39, 373-384.
De Baetselier, P., Roos, E., Brys, L., Remels, L., Gobert, M., Dekegel, D., Segal, S., and Feldman, M. (1984). Nonmetastatic tumor cells acquire metastatic properties following somatic hybridization with normal cells. Cancer metastasis reviews 3,5-24.
Deng, M., Ye, Q., Qin, Z., Zheng, Y., He, W., Tang, H., Zhou, Y, Xiong, W., Zhou, M., Li, X., et al. (2013). miR-214 promotes tumorigenesis by targeting lactotransferrin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour biology:the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34,1793-1800.
Derfoul, A., Juan, A.H., Difilippantonio, M.J., Palanisamy, N., Ried, T., and Sartorelli, V. (2011). Decreased microRNA-214 levels in breast cancer cells coincides with increased cell proliferation, invasion and accumulation of the Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase. Carcinogenesis 32,1607-1614.
Dorsett, D. (2011). Cohesin:genomic insights into controlling gene transcription and development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 21,199-206.
Dunwell, J.M. (2010). Haploids in flowering plants:origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J 8, 377-424.
Frias, C., Pampalona, J., Genesca, A., and Tusell, L. (2012). Telomere dysfunction and genome instability. Front Biosci 17,2181-2196.
Fruscalzo, A., Lelle, R.J., Calcagno, A., Driul, L., Damante, G, and Marchesoni, D. (2006). [Management of gynecological tumors associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations. Case report and literature review]. Minerva ginecologica 58,171-175.
Fujiwara, A., Abe, S., Yamaha, E., Yamazaki, F., and Yoshida, M.C. (1997). Uniparental chromosome elimination in the early embryogenesis of the inviable salmonid hybrids between masu salmon female and rainbow trout male. Chromosoma 106,44-52.
Fujiwara, T., Bandi, M., Nitta, M., Ivanova, E.V., Bronson, R.T., and Pellman, D. (2005). Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells. Nature 437,1043-1047.
Fukuda, T., Yamagata, K., Fujiyama, S., Matsumoto, T., Koshida, I., Yoshimura, K., Mihara, M., Naitou, M., Endoh, H., Nakamura, T., et al. (2007). DEAD-box RNA helicase subunits of the Drosha complex are required for processing of rRNA and a subset of microRNAs. Nat Cell BiolP,604-611.
Galliano, M.F., Huet, C., Frygelius, J., Polgren, A., Wewer, U.M., and Engvall, E. (2000). Binding of ADAM12, a marker of skeletal muscle regeneration, to the muscle-specific actin-binding protein, alpha-actinin-2, is required for myoblast fusion. The Journal of biological chemistry 275,13933-13939.
Ganem, N.J., Godinho, S.A., and Pellman, D. (2009). A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability. Nature 460,278-U146.
Gao, P., and Zheng, J. (2011). Oncogenic virus-mediated cell fusion:new insights into initiation and progression of oncogenic viruses--related cancers. Cancer Lett 303,1-8.
Gapud, E.J., and Sleckman, B.P. (2011). Unique and redundant functions of ATM and DNA-PKcs during V(D)J recombination. Cell Cycle 10,1928-1935.
Geigl, J.B., Obenauf, A.C., Schwarzbraun, T., and Speicher, M.R. (2008). Defining'chromosomal instability1. Trends in genetics:TIG 24,64-69.
Gernand, D., Rutten, T., Pickering, R., and Houben, A. (2006). Elimination of chromosomes in Hordeum vulgare x H-bulbosum crosses at mitosis and interphase involves micronucleus formation and progressive heterochromatinization. Cytogenet Genome Res 114,169-174.
Gernand, D., Rutten, T, Varshney, A., Rubtsova, M., Prodanovic, S., Bruss, C., Kumlehn, J., Matzk, F., and Houben, A. (2005). Uniparental chromosome elimination at mitosis and interphase in wheat and pearl millet crosses involves micronucleus formation, progressive heterochromatinization, and DNA fragmentation. Plant Cell 17,2431-2438.
Gilpin, B.J., Loechel, R, Mattei, M.G., Engvall, E., Albrechtsen, R., and Wewer, U.M. (1998). A novel, secreted form of human ADAM 12 (meltrin alpha) provokes myogenesis in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry 273,157-166.
Gollin, S.M. (2005). Mechanisms leading to chromosomal instability. Seminars in cancer biology 15,33-42.
Gordon, D.J., Resio, B., and Pellman, D. (2012a). Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 13,189-203.
Gordon, D.J., Resio, B., and Pellman, D. (2012b). Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 13,189-203.
Gradzka, I. (2006). [Mechanisms and regulation of the programmed cell death]. Postepy Biochem 52,157-165.
Gramantieri, L., Melchiorri, C., Chieco, P., Gaiani, S., Stecca, B., Casali, A., and Bolondi, L. (1996). Alteration of DNA ploidy and cell nuclearity in human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV infection. J Hepatol 25,848-853.
Greenberg, R.A., and Rudolph, K.L. (2005). Telomere structural dynamics in genome integrity control and carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 570,311-341.
Gregan, J., Polakova, S., Zhang, L.J., Tolic-Norrelykke, I.M., and Cimini, D. (2011). Merotelic kinetochore attachment:causes and effects. Trends Cell Biol 21,374-381.
Gregory, R.I., Chendrimada, T.P., Cooch, N., and Shiekhattar, R. (2005). Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing. Cell 123,631-640.
Grigsby, R.V., Fairbairn, D., and O'Neill, K.L. (1993). Differential DNA damage detected in hybridomas. Hybridoma 12,755-761.
Gupta, S.B. (1969). Duration of Mitotic Cycle and Regulation of DNA Replication in Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia and a Hybrid Derivative of N Tabacum Showing Chromosome Instability. Can J Genet Cytol 11,133-&.
Hafezparast, M., Cole, C.G, Kaur, G.P., Athwal, R.S., and Jeggo, P.A. (1994). An Extended Panel of Hamster-Human Hybrids for Chromosome 2q. Somat Cell Molec Gen 20,541-548.
Hanel, W., and Moll, U.M. (2012). Links between mutant p53 and genomic instability. J Cell Biochem 113,433-439.
Harris, H. (1971). The expression of genetic information:a study with hybrid animal cells. Harvey lectures 65,1-32.
Harris, H., and Watkins, J.F. (1965). Hybrid Cells Derived from Mouse and Man-Artificial Heterokaryons of Mammalian Cells from Different Species. Nature 205,640-&.
Haruta, M., Matsumoto, Y., Izumi, H., Watanabe, N., Fukuzawa, M., Matsuura, S., and Kaneko, Y. (2008). Combined BubRl protein down-regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation in Wilms tumors with diverse cytogenetic changes. Mol Carcinogen 47,660-666.
He, L., He, X., Lim, L.P., de Stanchina, E., Xuan, Z., Liang, Y, Xue, W., Zender, L., Magnus, J., Ridzon, D., et al. (2007). A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature 447,1130-1134.
He, M.F., Wang, S., Wang, Y, and Wang, X.N. (2013). Modeling cell-in-cell structure into its biological significance. Cell death & disease 4, e630.
Hennequin, C., Quero, L., and Favaudon, V. (2011). [DNA repair and tumour radiosensitivity: focus on ATM gene]. Bull Cancer 98,239-246.
Heo, I., Joo, C., Cho, J., Ha, M., Han, J., and Kim, V.N. (2008). Lin28 mediates the terminal uridylation of let-7 precursor MicroRNA. Molecular cell 32,276-284.
Heo, I., Joo, C., Kim, Y.K., Ha, M., Yoon, M.J., Cho, J., Yeom, K.H., Han, J., and Kim, V.N. (2009). TUT4 in concert with Lin28 suppresses microRNA biogenesis through pre-microRNA uridylation. Cell 138,696-708.
Hirao, A., Kong, Y.Y., Matsuoka, S., Wakeham, A., Ruland, J., Yoshida, H., Liu, D., Elledge, S.J., and Mak, T.W. (2000). DNA damage-induced activation of p53 by the checkpoint kinase Chk2. Science 287,1824-1827.
Holland, A.J., and Cleveland, D.W. (2009). Boveri revisited:chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 10,478-487.
Hoshina, M., Boothby, M., and Boime, I. (1982). Cytological localization of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and placental lactogen mRNAs during development of the human placenta. J Cell Biol 93,190-198.
Huen, M.S., Grant, R., Manke, I., Minn, K., Yu, X., Yaffe, M.B., and Chen, J. (2007). RNF8 transduces the DNA-damage signal via histone ubiquitylation and checkpoint protein assembly. Cell 131,901-914.
Hummel, R., Wang, T., Watson, D.I., Michael, M.Z., Van der Hoek, M., Haier, J., and Hussey, D J. (2011). Chemotherapy-induced modification of microRNA expression in esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 26,1011-1017.
Inoue, N., Ikawa, M., Isotani, A., and Okabe, M. (2005). The immunoglobulin superfamily protein Izumo is required for sperm to fuse with eggs. Nature 434,234-238.
Insel, R.A., and Gigliotti, F. (1983). Monoclonal antibodies. Clinical relevance to pediatrics. American journal of diseases of children 137,69-76.
Ishii, T., Ueda, T., Tanaka, H., and Tsujimoto, H. (2010). Chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet:pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells. Chromosome research:an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 18,821-831.
Iwamatsu, T., Uwa, H., Inden, A., and Hirata, K. (1984). Experiments on Interspecific Hybridization between Oryzias-Latipes and Oryzias-Celebensis. Zool Sci 1,653-663.
Iwamatsu, T., Watanabe, T., Hori, R., Lam, T.J., and Saxena, O.P. (1986). Experiments on Interspecific Hybridization between Oryzias-Melastigma and Oryzias Javanicus. Zool Sci 3, 287-293.
Jackson, S.P., and Bartek, J. (2009). The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease. Nature 461,1071-1078.
Johansen, M., Redman, C.W., Wilkins, T., and Sargent, I.L. (1999). Trophoblast deportation in human pregnancy-its relevance for pre-eclampsia. Placenta 20,531-539.
Kasparek, T.R., and Humphrey, T.C. (2011). DNA double-strand break repair pathways, chromosomal rearrangements and cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 22,886-897.
Kastury, K., Taylor, W.E., Gutierrez, M., Ramirez, L., Coucke, P.J., VanHauwe, P., VanCamp, G., and Bhasin, S. (1997). Chromosomal mapping of two members of the human dynein gene family to chromosome regions 7p15 and 11q13 near the deafness loci DFNA 5 and DFNA 11. Genomics 44,362-364.
Kawahara, Y, and Mieda-Sato, A. (2012). TDP-43 promotes microRNA biogenesis as a component of the Drosha and Dicer complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A109,3347-3352.
Kawai, S., and Amano, A. (2012). BRCA1 regulates microRNA biogenesis via the DROSHA microprocessor complex. J Cell Biol 197,201-208.
Kerzendorfer, C., and O'Driscoll, M. (2009). Human DNA damage response and repair deficiency syndromes:Linking genomic instability and cell cycle checkpoint proficiency. DNA Repair 8, 1139-1152.
Khincha, P.P., and Savage, S.A. (2013). Genomic Characterization of the Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Semin Hematol 50,333-347.
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A., and Jayasena, S.D. (2003). Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell 115,209-216.
Kim, N.S., Armstrong, K.C., Fedak, G, Ho, K., and Park, N.I. (2002). A microsatellite sequence from the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) distinguishes between the centromeres of Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum in hybrid plants. Genome 45,165-174.
Kobayashi, M., Bennett, M.C., Bercot, T., and Singh, I.R. (2006). Functional analysis of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins, using a cell-cell fusion assay. J Virol 80,1817-1825.
Kohler, G., and Milstein, C. (1975). Continuous Cultures of Fused Cells Secreting Antibody of Predefined Specificity. Nature 256,495-497.
Kolas, N.K., Chapman, J.R., Nakada, S., Ylanko, J., Chahwan, R., Sweeney, F.D., Panier, S., Mendez, M., Wildenhain, J., Thomson, T.M., et al. (2007). Orchestration of the DNA-damage response by the RNF8 ubiquitin ligase. Science 318,1637-1640.
Kondratenko, I., Paschenko, O., Polyakov, A., and Bologov, A. (2007). Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol 601,61-67.
Kozlov, M.M., and Markin, V.S. (1983). Possible Mechanism of Membrane-Fusion. Biofizika+28, 242-247.
Krejci, L., Altmannova, V., Spirek, M., and Zhao, X. (2012). Homologous recombination and its regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 40,5795-5818.
Kroll, K.M., Ferrantini, A., and Domany, E. (2010). Introduction to biology and chromosomal instabilities in cancer. Physica A 389,4374-4388.
Lal, A., Pan, Y, Navarro, F., Dykxhoorn, D.M., Moreau, L., Meire, E., Bentwich, Z., Lieberman, J., and Chowdhury, D. (2009). miR-24-mediated downregulation of H2AX suppresses DNA repair in terminally differentiated blood cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16,492-498.
Laurie DA, B.M. (1989). The timing of chromosome elimination in hexaploid wheat x maize crosses. Genome 32,953-961.
Lavin, M.F. (2013). The appropriateness of the mouse model for ataxia-telangiectasia: Neurological defects but no neurodegeneration. DNA Repair 12,612-619.
Lawrence, J.B., and Coleman, J.R. (1984). Extinction of muscle-specific properties in somatic cell heterokaryons. Dev Biol 101,463-476.
Leikina, E., and Chernomordik, L.V. (2000). Reversible merger of membranes at the early stage of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated fusion. Mol Biol Cell 11,2359-2371.
Lengauer, C., Kinzler, K.W., and Vogelstein, B. (1997). Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature 386,623-627.
Li, B., Han, Q., Zhu, Y., Yu, Y, Wang, J., and Jiang, X. (2012). Down-regulation of miR-214 contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis by targeting Twist. The FEBS journal 279,2393-2398.
Li, G., Luna, C., Qiu, J., Epstein, D.L., and Gonzalez, P. (2009). Alterations in microRNA expression in stress-induced cellular senescence. Mechanisms of ageing and development 130,731-741.
Liu, Y, and Liu, Q. (2011). ATM signals miRNA biogenesis through KSRP. Molecular cell 41, 367-368.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2007). Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 12,153-162.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2009a). Cell fusion as a hidden force in tumor progression. Cancer Res 69, 8536-8539.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2009b). Efficient acquisition of dual metastasis organotropism to bone and lung through stable spontaneous fusion between MDA-MB-231 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106,9385-9390.
Luijsterburg, M.S., and van Attikum, H. (2011). Chromatin and the DNA damage response:the cancer connection. Mol Oncol 5,349-367.
Lund, E., Guttinger, S., Calado, A., Dahlberg, J.E., and Kutay, U. (2004). Nuclear export of microRNA precursors. Science 303,95-98.
Lytle, J.R., Yario, T.A., and Steitz, J.A. (2007). Target mRNAs are repressed as efficiently by microRNA-binding sites in the 5'UTR as in the 31 UTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 9667-9672.
Mailand, N., Bekker-Jensen, S., Faustrup, H., Melander, F., Bartek, J., Lukas, C., and Lukas, J. (2007). RNF8 ubiquitylates histones at DNA double-strand breaks and promotes assembly of repair proteins. Cell 131,887-900.
Margolis, R.L. (2005). Tetraploidy and tumor development. Cancer cell 8,353-354.
Matsuya, Y, and Green, H. (1969). Somatic cell hybrid between the established human line D98 (presumptive HeLa) and 3T3. Science 163,697-698.
Matsuya, Y., Green, H., and Basilico, C. (1968). Properties and uses of human-mouse hybrid cell lines. Nature 220,1199-1202.
Mi, S., Lee, X., Li, X.P., Veldman, G.M., Finnerty, H., Racie, L., LaVallie, E., Tang, X.Y., Edouard, P., Howes, S., et al. (2000). Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature 403,785-789.
Migeon, B.R., and Miller, C.S. (1968). Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids with single human chromosome (group E):link with thymidine kinase activity. Science 162,1005-1006.
Mirzayans, R., Andrais, B., Scott, A., and Murray, D. (2012). New insights into p53 signaling and cancer cell response to DNA damage:implications for cancer therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012,170325.
Mochida, K., Tsujimoto, H., and Sasakuma, T. (2004). Confocal analysis of chromosome behavior in wheat x maize zygotes. Genome 47,199-205.
Mohler, W.A., Shemer, G, del Campo, J.J., Valansi, C., Opoku-Serebuoh, E., Scranton, V., Assaf, N., White, J.G., and Podbilewicz, B. (2002). The type I membrane protein EFF-1 is essential for developmental cell fusion. Developmental cell 2,355-362.
Moskwa, P., Buffa, F.M., Pan, Y., Panchakshari, R., Gottipati, P., Muschel, R.J., Beech, J., Kulshrestha, R., Abdelmohsen, K., Weinstock, D.M., et al. (2011). miR-182-mediated downregulation of BRCA1 impacts DNA repair and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Mol Cell 41,210-220.
Mueller, A.C., Sun, D., and Dutta, A. (2013). The miR-99 family regulates the DNA damage response through its target SNF2H. Oncogene 32,1164-1172.
Musacchio, A., and Salmon, E.D. (2007a). The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 8,379-393.
Musacchio, A., and Salmon, E.D. (2007b). The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8,379-393.
Nabholz, M., Miggiano, V., and Bodmer, W. (1969). Genetic analysis with human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Nature 223,358-363.
Narisawa-Saito, M., and Kiyono, T. (2007). Basic mechanisms of high-risk human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis:roles of E6 and E7 proteins. Cancer Sci 98, 1505-1511.
Narod, S.A. (2010). BRCA mutations in the management of breast cancer:the state of the art. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7,702-707.
Niemoeller, O.M., Niyazi, M., Corradini, S., Zehentmayr, F., Li, M., Lauber, K., and Belka, C. (2011). MicroRNA expression profiles in human cancer cells after ionizing radiation. Radiation oncology 6,29.
Nigg, E.A. (2006). Origins and consequences of centrosome aberrations in human cancers. Int J Cancer 119,2717-2723.
Nikiforova, M.N., Gandhi, M., Kelly, L., and Nikiforov, Y.E. (2011). MicroRNA dysregulation in human thyroid cells following exposure to ionizing radiation. Thyroid:official journal of the American Thyroid Association 21,261-266.
Nishikawa, S., Terazawa, Y., Nakayama, T., Hirata, A., Makio, T., and Endo, T. (2003). Nep98p is a component of the yeast spindle pole body and essential for nuclear division and fusion. The Journal of biological chemistry 278,9938-9943.
Nowak-Imialek, M., Kues, W.A., Rudolph, C., Schlegelberger, B., Taylor, U., Carnwath, J.W., and Niemann, H. (2010). Preferential loss of porcine chromosomes in reprogrammed interspecies cell hybrids. Cell Reprogram 12,55-65.
Ogle, B.M., Cascalho, M., and Platt, J.L. (2005). Biological implications of cell fusion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6,567-575.
Ozaki, T., and Nakagawara, A. (2011). p53:the attractive tumor suppressor in the cancer research field. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011,603925.
Park, H.Y., Jeon, Y.K., Shin, H.J., Kim, I.J., Kang, H.C., Jeong, S.J., Chung, D.H., and Lee, C.W. (2007). Differential promoter methylation may be a key molecular mechanism in regulating BubRl expression in cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 39,195-204.
Paulsson, K., and Johansson, B. (2007). Trisomy 8 as the sole chromosomal aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Pathol Biol 55,37-48.
Pawelek, J.M. (2014). Fusion of bone marrow-derived cells with cancer cells:metastasis as a secondary disease in cancer. Chinese journal of cancer 33,133-139.
Pawelek, J.M., and Chakraborty, A.K. (2008). Fusion of tumour cells with bone marrow-derived cells:a unifying explanation for metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 8,377-386.
Penna, E., Orso, F., Cimino, D., Tenaglia, E., Lembo, A., Quaglino, E., Poliseno, L., Haimovic, A., Osella-Abate, S., De Pitta, C., et al. (2011). microRNA-214 contributes to melanoma tumour progression through suppression of TFAP2C. EMBO J 30,1990-2007.
Pihan, GA., Wallace, J., Zhou, Y.N., and Doxsey, S.J. (2003). Centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability occur together in pre-invasive carcinomas. Cancer Res 63, 1398-1404.
Qi, H., Cin, P.D., Hernandez, J.M., Garcia, J.L., Sciot, R., Fletcher, C., VanEyken, P., DeWever, I., and VanDenBerghe, H. (1996). Trisomies 8 and 20 in desmoid tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogen 92,147-149.
Quintyne, N.J., Reing, J.E., Hoffelder, D.R., Gollin, S.M., and Saunders, W.S. (2005). Spindle multipolarity is prevented by centrosomal clustering. Science 307,127-129.
RA, F. (1983). Tissue-specific elimination of alternative whole parental genomes in one barley hybrid. Chromosoma 88,386-393.
Rajagopalan, H., Nowak, M.A., Vogelstein, B., and Lengauer, C. (2003). The significance of unstable chromosomes in colorectal cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer 3,695-701.
Rass, E., Grabarz, A., Bertrand, P., and Lopez, B.S. (2012). [Double strand break repair, one mechanism can hide another:alternative non-homologous end joining]. Cancer Radiother 16, 1-10.
Redman, C.W., and Sargent, I.L. (2000). Placental debris, oxidative stress and pre-eclampsia. Placenta 21,597-602.
Reinhardt, H.C., and Schumacher, B. (2012). The p53 network:cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and cancer. Trends in genetics:TIG 28,128-136.
Rieder, C.L., Schultz, A., Cole, R., and Sluder, G. (1994). Anaphase Onset in Vertebrate Somatic-Cells Is Controlled by a Checkpoint That Monitors Sister Kinetochore Attachment to the Spindle. Journal of Cell Biology 127,1301-1310.
Ring, D., Hubble, R., and Kirschner, M. (1982). Mitosis in a Cell with Multiple Centrioles. Journal of Cell Biology 94,549-556.
Ringertz, N.R., Carlsson, S.A., Ege, T., and Bolund, L. (1971). Detection of Human and Chick Nuclear Antigens in Nuclei of Chick Erythrocytes during Reactivation in Heterokaryons with Hela Cells. P Natl Acad Sci USA 68,3228-&.
Roos, W.P., and Kaina, B. (2006). DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. Trends Mol Med 12,440-450.
Roschke, A.V., Stover, K., Tonon, G, Schaffer, A.A., and Kirsch, I.R. (2002). Stable karyotypes in epithelial cancer cell lines despite high rates of ongoing structural and numerical chromosomal instability. Neoplasia 4,19-31.
Sakai, C., Konno, F., Nakano, O., Iwai, T., Yokota, T., Lee, J., Nishida-Umehara, C., Kuroiwa, A., Matsuda, Y., and Yamashita, M. (2007). Chromosome elimination in the interspecific hybrid medaka between Oryzias latipes and O-hubbsi. Chromosome Research 15,697-709.
Salim, H., Akbar, N.S., Zong, D., Vaculova, A.H., Lewensohn, R., Moshfegh, A., Viktorsson, K., and Zhivotovsky, B. (2012). miRNA-214 modulates radiotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of p38MAPK, apoptosis and senescence. British journal of cancer 107,1361-1373.
Sanei, M., Pickering, R., Kumke, K., Nasuda, S., and Houben, A. (2011). Loss of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) from centromeres precedes uniparental chromosome elimination in interspecific barley hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A108, E498-505.
Sanson, M., Zhang, R, Demczuk, S., Delattre, O., DeJong, P., Aurias, A., Thomas, G., and Rouleau, G.A. (1993). Isolation and mapping of 45 NotI linking clones to chromosome 22. Genomics 17,776-779.
Schwarzacher Robinson T, F.R., Smith JB, Bennett MD (1987). Genotypic control of centromere positions of parental genomes in Hordeum X Secale hybrid metaphases. Journal of cell science 87,291-304.
Seki, M., Tada, S., and Enomoto, T. (2006). Function of recQ family helicase in genome stability. Sub-cellular biochemistry 40,49-73.
Shay, J.W., and Wright, W.E. (2011). Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 21,349-353.
Shemer, G., and Podbilewicz, B. (2003). The story of cell fusion:big lessons from little worms. Bioessays 25,672-682.
Shin, S., Cha, H.J., Lee, E.M., Lee, S.J., Seo, S.K., Jin, H.O., Park, I.C., Jin, Y.W., and An, S. (2009). Alteration of miRNA profiles by ionizing radiation in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. International journal of oncology 35,81-86.
Sikora, E., Arendt, T., Bennett, M., and Narita, M. (2011). Impact of cellular senescence signature on ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 10,146-152.
Silkworth, W.T., Nardi, I.K., Scholl, L.M., and Cimini, D. (2009). Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells. PLoS One 4, e6564.
Solier, S., Zhang, Y.W., Ballestrero, A., Pommier, Y., and Zoppoli, G (2012). DNA damage response pathways and cell cycle checkpoints in colorectal cancer:current concepts and future perspectives for targeted treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 12,356-371.
Solomon, D.A., Kim, T., Diaz-Martinez, L.A., Fair, J., Elkahloun, A.G., Harris, B.T., Toretsky, J.A., Rosenberg, S.A., Shukla, N., Ladanyi, M., et al. (2011). Mutational Inactivation of STAG2 Causes Aneuploidy in Human Cancer. Science 333,1039-1043.
Song, L., Dai, T., Xie, Y, Wang, C., Lin, C., Wu, Z., Ying, Z., Wu, J., Li, M., and Li, J. (2012). Up-regulation of miR-1245 by c-myc targets BRCA2 and impairs DNA repair. Journal of molecular cell biology 4,108-117.
Symington, L.S., and Gautier, J. (2011). Double-strand break end resection and repair pathway choice. Annu Rev Genet 45,247-271.
Taylor, W.R., and Stark, G.R. (2001). Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene 20, 1803-1815.
Toyoda, H., Bregerie, O., Vallet, A., Nalpas, B., Pivert, G, Brechot, C., and Desdouets, C. (2005). Changes to hepatocyte ploidy and binuclearity profiles during human chronic viral hepatitis. Gut 54,297-302.
Trabucchi, M., Briata, P., Garcia-Mayoral, M., Haase, A.D., Filipowicz, W., Ramos, A., Gherzi, R., and Rosenfeld, M.G (2009). The RNA-binding protein KSRP promotes the biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs. Nature 459,1010-1014.
Vig, B.K., and Athwal, R.S. (1989). Sequence of centromere separation:separation in a quasi-stable mouse-human somatic cell hybrid. Chromosoma 98,167-173.
Vitale, I., Senovilla, L., Jemaa, M., Michaud, M., Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., Nanty, L., Criollo, A., Rello-Varona, S., Manic, G, et al. (2010). Multipolar mitosis of tetraploid cells:inhibition by p53 and dependency on Mos. EMBO J 29,1272-1284.
Wang, J.H. (2012). Mechanisms and impacts of chromosomal translocations in cancers. Front Med 6,263-274.
Wang, X., Chen, J., Li, F., Lin, Y., Zhang, X., Lv, Z., and Jiang, J. (2012a). MiR-214 inhibits cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of beta-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 428,525-531.
Wang, X., Willenbring, H., Akkari, Y., Torimaru, Y, Foster, M., Al-Dhalimy, M., Lagasse, E., Finegold, M., Olson, S., and Grompe, M. (2003). Cell fusion is the principal source of bone-marrow-derived hepatocytes. Nature 422,897-901.
Wang, Y, Huang, J.W., Calses, P., Kemp, C.J., and Taniguchi, T. (2012b). MiR-96 downregulates REV1 and RAD51 to promote cellular sensitivity to cisplatin and PARP inhibition. Cancer Res 72,4037-4046.
Wang, Y, Huang, J.W., Li, M., Cavenee, W.K., Mitchell, P.S., Zhou, X., Tewari, M., Furnari, F.B., and Taniguchi, T. (2011). MicroRNA-138 modulates DNA damage response by repressing histone H2AX expression. Molecular cancer research:MCR 9,1100-1111.
Wang, Y, and Taniguchi, T. (2013). MicroRNAs and DNA damage response:implications for cancer therapy. Cell Cycle 12,32-42.
Wasmuth, J.J. (2001). Overview of somatic cell hybrid mapping. Current protocols in human genetics/editorial board, Jonathan L Haines [et al] Chapter 3, Unit 31.
Watanabe, Y, and Maekawa, M. (2010). Spatiotemporal regulation of DNA replication in the human genome and its association with genomic instability and disease. Curr Med Chem 17, 222-233.
Weaver, B.A.A., and Cleveland, D.W. (2007). Does aneuploidy cause cancer? (vol 18, pg 658, 2006). Curr Opin Cell Biol 19,246-246.
Weimann, J.M., Johansson, C.B., Trejo, A., and Blau, H.M. (2003). Stable reprogrammed heterokaryons form spontaneously in Purkinje neurons after bone marrow transplant. Nat Cell Biol 5,959-966.
Wright, W.E., and Aronoff, J. (1983). The Suppression of Myogenic Functions in Heterokaryons Formed by Fusing Chick Myocytes to Diploid Rat Fibroblasts. Cell Differ Dev 12,299-306.
Yan, D., Ng, W.L., Zhang, X., Wang, P., Zhang, Z., Mo, Y.Y., Mao, H., Hao, C., Olson, J.J., Curran, W.J., et al. (2010). Targeting DNA-PKcs and ATM with miR-101 sensitizes tumors to radiation. PloS one 5, e11397.
Yang, H., Kong, W., He, L., Zhao, J.J., O'Donnell, J.D., Wang, J., Wenham, R.M., Coppola, D., Kruk, P.A., Nicosia, S.V., et al. (2008). MicroRNA expression profiling in human ovarian cancer:miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN. Cancer Res 68,425-433.
Yang, L., and Huang, H.W. (2002). Observation of a membrane fusion intermediate structure. Science 297,1877-1879.
Yang, L., Li, Y, Cheng, M., Huang, D., Zheng, J., Liu, B., Ling, X., Li, Q., Zhang, X., Ji, W., et al. (2012). A functional polymorphism at microRNA-629-binding site in the 3'-untranslated region of NBS1 gene confers an increased risk of lung cancer in Southern and Eastern Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 33,338-347.
Yang, T.S., Yang, X.H., Wang, X.D., Wang, Y.L., Zhou, B., and Song, Z.S. (2013). MiR-214 regulate gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting PTEN. Cancer cell international 13,68.
Yerle, M., Echard, G., Robic, A., Mairal, A., Dubut-Fontana, C., Riquet, J., Pinton, P., Milan, D., Lahbib-Mansais, Y, and Gellin, J. (1996). A somatic cell hybrid panel for pig regional gene mapping characterized by molecular cytogenetics. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 73, 194-202.
Zelesco, P.A., and Graves, JA. (1988). Chromosome segregation from cell hybrids. Ⅳ. Movement and position of segregant set chromosomes in early-phase interspecific cell hybrids. Journal of cell science 89 (Pt 1),49-56.
Zhang, M., and Hu, J. (2013). Homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes in plant cells. Frontiers in plant science 4,514.
Zhang, X., Wan, G., Berger, F.G., He, X., and Lu, X. (2011). The ATM kinase induces microRNA biogenesis in the DNA damage response. Molecular cell 41,371-383.
Zhang, X.J., Ye, H., Zeng, C.W., He, B., Zhang, H., and Chen, Y.Q. (2010). Dysregulation of miR-15a and miR-214 in human pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 3,46.
Zhang, Z.C., Li, Y.Y., Wang, H.Y., Fu, S., Wang, X.P., Zeng, M.S., Zeng, Y.X., and Shao, J.Y. (2014). Knockdown of miR-214 Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PloS one 9, e86149.
Zijlstra, C., Bosma, A.A., and de Haan, N.A. (1994). Comparative study of pig-rodent somatic cell hybrids. Animal genetics 25,319-327.
Zinkel, S., Gross, A., and Yang, E. (2006). BCL2 family in DNA damage and cell cycle control. Cell Death Differ 13,1351-1359.
Albertson, D.G., Collins, C., McCormick, R, and Gray, J.W. (2003). Chromosome aberrations in solid tumors. Nat Genet 34,369-376.
Alsop, K., Fereday, S., Meldrum, C., deFazio, A., Emmanuel, C., George, J., Dobrovic, A., Birrer, M.J., Webb, P.M., Stewart, C., et al. (2012). BRCA mutation frequency and patterns of treatment response in BRCA mutation-positive women with ovarian cancer:a report from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Journal of clinical oncology:official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 30,2654-2663.
Alvarez-Dolado, M., Pardal, R., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., Fike, J.R., Lee, H.O., Pfeffer, K., Lois, C., Morrison, S.J., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2003). Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Nature 425,968-973.
Babiarz, J.E., Ruby, J.G., Wang, Y., Bartel, D.P., and Blelloch, R. (2008). Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs. Genes Dev 22,2773-2785.
Bakhoum, S.F., and Compton, D.A. (2012). Chromosomal instability and cancer:a complex relationship with therapeutic potential. J Clin Invest 122,1138-1143.
Bakhoum, S.F., Genovese, G., and Compton, D.A. (2009a). Deviant Kinetochore Microtubule Dynamics Underlie Chromosomal Instability. Curr Biol 19,1937-1942.
Bakhoum, S.F., Thompson, S.L., Manning, A.L., and Compton, D.A. (2009b). Genome stability is ensured by temporal control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics. Nature cell biology 11, 27-U51.
Barnard, D.R., Lange, B., Alonzo, T.A., Buckley, J., Kobrinsky, J.N., Gold, S., Neudorf, S., Sanders, J., Burden, L., and Woods, W.G.(2002). Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children treated for cancer:comparison with primary presentation. Blood 100,427-434.
Barrow, P., Khan, M., Lalloo, F., Evans, D.G, and Hill, J. (2013). Systematic review of the impact of registration and screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Brit J Surg 100,1719-1731.
Bartel, D.P. (2004). MicroRNAs:genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116, 281-297.
Bayani, J., Selvarajah, S., Maire, G., Vukovic, B., Al-Romaih, K., Zielenska, M., and Squire, J.A. (2007). Genomic mechanisms and measurement of structural and numerical instability in cancer cells. Seminars in cancer biology 17,5-18.
Bennett, M.D., Finch, R.A., and Barclay, I.R. (1976). Time Rate and Mechanism of Chromosome Elimination in Hordeum Hybrids. Chromosoma 54,175-200.
Beroukhim, R., Mermel, C.H., Porter, D., Wei, G., Raychaudhuri, S., Donovan, J., Barretina, J., Boehm, J.S., Dobson, J., Urashima, M., et al. (2010). The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers. Nature 463,899-905.
Birchler, J.A., Auger, D.L., and Riddle, N.C. (2003). In search of the molecular basis of heterosis. Plant Cell 15,2236-2239.
Blau, H.M. (2002). A twist of fate. Nature 419,437.
Blond, J.L., Lavillette, D., Cheynet, V., Bouton, O., Oriol, G, Chapel-Fernandes, S., Mandrand, B., Mallet, F., and Cosset, F.L. (2000). An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. J Virol 74,3321-3329.
Borchert, G.M., Lanier, W., and Davidson, B.L. (2006). RNA polymerase III transcribes human microRNAs. Nature structural & molecular biology 13,1097-1101.
Bouwman, P., and Jonkers, J. (2012). The effects of deregulated DNA damage signalling on cancer chemotherapy response and resistance. Nature reviews Cancer 12,587-598.
Briata, P., Chen, C.Y., Ramos, A., and Gherzi, R. (2013). Functional and molecular insights into KSRP function in mRNA decay. Biochim Biophys Acta 1829,689-694.
Brinkley, B.R. (2001a). Managing the centrosome numbers game:from chaos to stability in cancer cell division. Trends Cell Biol 11,18-21:
Brinkley, B.R. (2001b). Managing the centrosome numbers game:from chaos to stability in cancer cell division. Trends Cell Biol 11,18-21.
Bucci, M., and Wente, S.R. (1997). In vivo dynamics of nuclear pore complexes in yeast. J Cell Biol 136,1185-1199.
Carlsson, S.A., Luger, O., Ringertz, N.R., and Savage, R.E. (1974a). Phenotypic Expression in Chick Erythrocyte X Rat Myoblast Hybrids and in Chick Myoblast X Rat Myoblast Hybrids. Experimental cell research 84,47-55.
Carlsson, S.A., Luger, O., Ringertz, N.R., and Savage, R.E. (1974b). Phenotypic expression in chick erythrocyte x rat myoblast hybrids and in chick myoblast x rat myoblast hybrids. Experimental cell research 84,47-55.
Cha, H.J., Seong, K.M., Bae, S., Jung, J.H., Kim, C.S., Yang, K.H., Jin, Y.W., and An, S. (2009). Identification of specific microRNAs responding to low and high dose gamma-irradiation in the human lymphoblast line M9. Oncol Rep 22,863-868.
Chapman, J.R., Taylor, M.R., and Boulton, S.J. (2012). Playing the end game:DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice. Mol Cell 47,497-510.
Chaudhry, MA., Sachdeva, H., and Omaruddin, R.A. (2010). Radiation-induced micro-RNA modulation in glioblastoma cells differing in DNA-repair pathways. DNA and cell biology 29, 553-561.
Chehab, N.H., Malikzay, A., Appel, M., and Halazonetis, T.D. (2000). Chk2/hCdsl functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G(1) by stabilizing p53. Genes Dev 14,278-288.
Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Geng, Y, and Chen, Z. (2000). Inducing somatic meiosis-like reduction at high frequency by caffeine in root-tip cells of Vicia faba. Mutat Res 452,67-72.
Chen, Z.J. (2013). Genomic and epigenetic insights into the molecular bases of heterosis. Nat Rev Genet 14,471-482.
Chendrimada, T.P., Gregory, R.I., Kumaraswamy, E., Norman, J., Cooch, N., Nishikura, K., and Shiekhattar, R. (2005). TRBP recruits the Dicer complex to Ago2 for microRNA processing and gene silencing. Nature 436,740-744.
Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z.H., Keenan, B., Roschke, A.V., Nakahara, K., and Aplan, P.D. (2010). Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks in malignant cells with structural instability. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 683,115-122.
Cieplinski, W., Reardon, P., and Testa, M.A. (1983). Non-Random Human-Chromosome Distribution in Human-Mouse Myeloma Somatic-Cell Hybrids. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 35,93-99.
Cimini, D., Howell, B., Maddox, P., Khodjakov, A., Degrassi, R, and Salmon, E.D. (2001). Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy in mitotic mammalian tissue cells. Journal of Cell Biology 153,517-527.
Compton, D.A. (2011). Mechanisms of aneuploidy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 23,109-113.
Corredor, E., Diez, M., Shepherd, K., and Naranjo, T. (2005). The positioning of rye homologous chromosomes added to wheat through the cell cycle in somatic cells untreated and treated with colchicine. Cytogenet Genome Res 109,112-119.
Curtin, N.J. (2012). DNA repair dysregulation from cancer driver to therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cancer 12,801-817.
Davis, B.N., Hilyard, A.C., Lagna, G., and Hata, A. (2008). SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation. Nature 454,56-61.
Davis, B.N., Hilyard, A.C., Nguyen, PH., Lagna, G, and Hata, A. (2010). Smad proteins bind a conserved RNA sequence to promote microRNA maturation by Drosha. Molecular cell 39, 373-384.
De Baetselier, P., Roos, E., Brys, L., Remels, L., Gobert, M., Dekegel, D., Segal, S., and Feldman, M. (1984). Nonmetastatic tumor cells acquire metastatic properties following somatic hybridization with normal cells. Cancer metastasis reviews 3,5-24.
Deng, M., Ye, Q., Qin, Z., Zheng, Y., He, W., Tang, H., Zhou, Y, Xiong, W., Zhou, M., Li, X., et al. (2013). miR-214 promotes tumorigenesis by targeting lactotransferrin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour biology:the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34,1793-1800.
Derfoul, A., Juan, A.H., Difilippantonio, M.J., Palanisamy, N., Ried, T., and Sartorelli, V. (2011). Decreased microRNA-214 levels in breast cancer cells coincides with increased cell proliferation, invasion and accumulation of the Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase. Carcinogenesis 32,1607-1614.
Dorsett, D. (2011). Cohesin:genomic insights into controlling gene transcription and development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 21,199-206.
Dunwell, J.M. (2010). Haploids in flowering plants:origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J 8, 377-424.
Frias, C., Pampalona, J., Genesca, A., and Tusell, L. (2012). Telomere dysfunction and genome instability. Front Biosci 17,2181-2196.
Fruscalzo, A., Lelle, R.J., Calcagno, A., Driul, L., Damante, G, and Marchesoni, D. (2006). [Management of gynecological tumors associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations. Case report and literature review]. Minerva ginecologica 58,171-175.
Fujiwara, A., Abe, S., Yamaha, E., Yamazaki, F., and Yoshida, M.C. (1997). Uniparental chromosome elimination in the early embryogenesis of the inviable salmonid hybrids between masu salmon female and rainbow trout male. Chromosoma 106,44-52.
Fujiwara, T., Bandi, M., Nitta, M., Ivanova, E.V., Bronson, R.T., and Pellman, D. (2005). Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells. Nature 437,1043-1047.
Fukuda, T., Yamagata, K., Fujiyama, S., Matsumoto, T., Koshida, I., Yoshimura, K., Mihara, M., Naitou, M., Endoh, H., Nakamura, T., et al. (2007). DEAD-box RNA helicase subunits of the Drosha complex are required for processing of rRNA and a subset of microRNAs. Nat Cell BiolP,604-611.
Galliano, M.F., Huet, C., Frygelius, J., Polgren, A., Wewer, U.M., and Engvall, E. (2000). Binding of ADAM12, a marker of skeletal muscle regeneration, to the muscle-specific actin-binding protein, alpha-actinin-2, is required for myoblast fusion. The Journal of biological chemistry 275,13933-13939.
Ganem, N.J., Godinho, S.A., and Pellman, D. (2009). A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability. Nature 460,278-U146.
Gao, P., and Zheng, J. (2011). Oncogenic virus-mediated cell fusion:new insights into initiation and progression of oncogenic viruses--related cancers. Cancer Lett 303,1-8.
Gapud, E.J., and Sleckman, B.P. (2011). Unique and redundant functions of ATM and DNA-PKcs during V(D)J recombination. Cell Cycle 10,1928-1935.
Geigl, J.B., Obenauf, A.C., Schwarzbraun, T., and Speicher, M.R. (2008). Defining'chromosomal instability1. Trends in genetics:TIG 24,64-69.
Gernand, D., Rutten, T., Pickering, R., and Houben, A. (2006). Elimination of chromosomes in Hordeum vulgare x H-bulbosum crosses at mitosis and interphase involves micronucleus formation and progressive heterochromatinization. Cytogenet Genome Res 114,169-174.
Gernand, D., Rutten, T, Varshney, A., Rubtsova, M., Prodanovic, S., Bruss, C., Kumlehn, J., Matzk, F., and Houben, A. (2005). Uniparental chromosome elimination at mitosis and interphase in wheat and pearl millet crosses involves micronucleus formation, progressive heterochromatinization, and DNA fragmentation. Plant Cell 17,2431-2438.
Gilpin, B.J., Loechel, R, Mattei, M.G., Engvall, E., Albrechtsen, R., and Wewer, U.M. (1998). A novel, secreted form of human ADAM 12 (meltrin alpha) provokes myogenesis in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry 273,157-166.
Gollin, S.M. (2005). Mechanisms leading to chromosomal instability. Seminars in cancer biology 15,33-42.
Gordon, D.J., Resio, B., and Pellman, D. (2012a). Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 13,189-203.
Gordon, D.J., Resio, B., and Pellman, D. (2012b). Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 13,189-203.
Gradzka, I. (2006). [Mechanisms and regulation of the programmed cell death]. Postepy Biochem 52,157-165.
Gramantieri, L., Melchiorri, C., Chieco, P., Gaiani, S., Stecca, B., Casali, A., and Bolondi, L. (1996). Alteration of DNA ploidy and cell nuclearity in human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV infection. J Hepatol 25,848-853.
Greenberg, R.A., and Rudolph, K.L. (2005). Telomere structural dynamics in genome integrity control and carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 570,311-341.
Gregan, J., Polakova, S., Zhang, L.J., Tolic-Norrelykke, I.M., and Cimini, D. (2011). Merotelic kinetochore attachment:causes and effects. Trends Cell Biol 21,374-381.
Gregory, R.I., Chendrimada, T.P., Cooch, N., and Shiekhattar, R. (2005). Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing. Cell 123,631-640.
Grigsby, R.V., Fairbairn, D., and O'Neill, K.L. (1993). Differential DNA damage detected in hybridomas. Hybridoma 12,755-761.
Gupta, S.B. (1969). Duration of Mitotic Cycle and Regulation of DNA Replication in Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia and a Hybrid Derivative of N Tabacum Showing Chromosome Instability. Can J Genet Cytol 11,133-&.
Hafezparast, M., Cole, C.G, Kaur, G.P., Athwal, R.S., and Jeggo, P.A. (1994). An Extended Panel of Hamster-Human Hybrids for Chromosome 2q. Somat Cell Molec Gen 20,541-548.
Hanel, W., and Moll, U.M. (2012). Links between mutant p53 and genomic instability. J Cell Biochem 113,433-439.
Harris, H. (1971). The expression of genetic information:a study with hybrid animal cells. Harvey lectures 65,1-32.
Harris, H., and Watkins, J.F. (1965). Hybrid Cells Derived from Mouse and Man-Artificial Heterokaryons of Mammalian Cells from Different Species. Nature 205,640-&.
Haruta, M., Matsumoto, Y., Izumi, H., Watanabe, N., Fukuzawa, M., Matsuura, S., and Kaneko, Y. (2008). Combined BubRl protein down-regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation in Wilms tumors with diverse cytogenetic changes. Mol Carcinogen 47,660-666.
He, L., He, X., Lim, L.P., de Stanchina, E., Xuan, Z., Liang, Y, Xue, W., Zender, L., Magnus, J., Ridzon, D., et al. (2007). A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature 447,1130-1134.
He, M.F., Wang, S., Wang, Y, and Wang, X.N. (2013). Modeling cell-in-cell structure into its biological significance. Cell death & disease 4, e630.
Hennequin, C., Quero, L., and Favaudon, V. (2011). [DNA repair and tumour radiosensitivity: focus on ATM gene]. Bull Cancer 98,239-246.
Heo, I., Joo, C., Cho, J., Ha, M., Han, J., and Kim, V.N. (2008). Lin28 mediates the terminal uridylation of let-7 precursor MicroRNA. Molecular cell 32,276-284.
Heo, I., Joo, C., Kim, Y.K., Ha, M., Yoon, M.J., Cho, J., Yeom, K.H., Han, J., and Kim, V.N. (2009). TUT4 in concert with Lin28 suppresses microRNA biogenesis through pre-microRNA uridylation. Cell 138,696-708.
Hirao, A., Kong, Y.Y., Matsuoka, S., Wakeham, A., Ruland, J., Yoshida, H., Liu, D., Elledge, S.J., and Mak, T.W. (2000). DNA damage-induced activation of p53 by the checkpoint kinase Chk2. Science 287,1824-1827.
Holland, A.J., and Cleveland, D.W. (2009). Boveri revisited:chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 10,478-487.
Hoshina, M., Boothby, M., and Boime, I. (1982). Cytological localization of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and placental lactogen mRNAs during development of the human placenta. J Cell Biol 93,190-198.
Huen, M.S., Grant, R., Manke, I., Minn, K., Yu, X., Yaffe, M.B., and Chen, J. (2007). RNF8 transduces the DNA-damage signal via histone ubiquitylation and checkpoint protein assembly. Cell 131,901-914.
Hummel, R., Wang, T., Watson, D.I., Michael, M.Z., Van der Hoek, M., Haier, J., and Hussey, D J. (2011). Chemotherapy-induced modification of microRNA expression in esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 26,1011-1017.
Inoue, N., Ikawa, M., Isotani, A., and Okabe, M. (2005). The immunoglobulin superfamily protein Izumo is required for sperm to fuse with eggs. Nature 434,234-238.
Insel, R.A., and Gigliotti, F. (1983). Monoclonal antibodies. Clinical relevance to pediatrics. American journal of diseases of children 137,69-76.
Ishii, T., Ueda, T., Tanaka, H., and Tsujimoto, H. (2010). Chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet:pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells. Chromosome research:an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 18,821-831.
Iwamatsu, T., Uwa, H., Inden, A., and Hirata, K. (1984). Experiments on Interspecific Hybridization between Oryzias-Latipes and Oryzias-Celebensis. Zool Sci 1,653-663.
Iwamatsu, T., Watanabe, T., Hori, R., Lam, T.J., and Saxena, O.P. (1986). Experiments on Interspecific Hybridization between Oryzias-Melastigma and Oryzias Javanicus. Zool Sci 3, 287-293.
Jackson, S.P., and Bartek, J. (2009). The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease. Nature 461,1071-1078.
Johansen, M., Redman, C.W., Wilkins, T., and Sargent, I.L. (1999). Trophoblast deportation in human pregnancy-its relevance for pre-eclampsia. Placenta 20,531-539.
Kasparek, T.R., and Humphrey, T.C. (2011). DNA double-strand break repair pathways, chromosomal rearrangements and cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 22,886-897.
Kastury, K., Taylor, W.E., Gutierrez, M., Ramirez, L., Coucke, P.J., VanHauwe, P., VanCamp, G., and Bhasin, S. (1997). Chromosomal mapping of two members of the human dynein gene family to chromosome regions 7p15 and 11q13 near the deafness loci DFNA 5 and DFNA 11. Genomics 44,362-364.
Kawahara, Y, and Mieda-Sato, A. (2012). TDP-43 promotes microRNA biogenesis as a component of the Drosha and Dicer complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A109,3347-3352.
Kawai, S., and Amano, A. (2012). BRCA1 regulates microRNA biogenesis via the DROSHA microprocessor complex. J Cell Biol 197,201-208.
Kerzendorfer, C., and O'Driscoll, M. (2009). Human DNA damage response and repair deficiency syndromes:Linking genomic instability and cell cycle checkpoint proficiency. DNA Repair 8, 1139-1152.
Khincha, P.P., and Savage, S.A. (2013). Genomic Characterization of the Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Semin Hematol 50,333-347.
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A., and Jayasena, S.D. (2003). Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell 115,209-216.
Kim, N.S., Armstrong, K.C., Fedak, G, Ho, K., and Park, N.I. (2002). A microsatellite sequence from the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) distinguishes between the centromeres of Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum in hybrid plants. Genome 45,165-174.
Kobayashi, M., Bennett, M.C., Bercot, T., and Singh, I.R. (2006). Functional analysis of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins, using a cell-cell fusion assay. J Virol 80,1817-1825.
Kohler, G., and Milstein, C. (1975). Continuous Cultures of Fused Cells Secreting Antibody of Predefined Specificity. Nature 256,495-497.
Kolas, N.K., Chapman, J.R., Nakada, S., Ylanko, J., Chahwan, R., Sweeney, F.D., Panier, S., Mendez, M., Wildenhain, J., Thomson, T.M., et al. (2007). Orchestration of the DNA-damage response by the RNF8 ubiquitin ligase. Science 318,1637-1640.
Kondratenko, I., Paschenko, O., Polyakov, A., and Bologov, A. (2007). Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol 601,61-67.
Kozlov, M.M., and Markin, V.S. (1983). Possible Mechanism of Membrane-Fusion. Biofizika+28, 242-247.
Krejci, L., Altmannova, V., Spirek, M., and Zhao, X. (2012). Homologous recombination and its regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 40,5795-5818.
Kroll, K.M., Ferrantini, A., and Domany, E. (2010). Introduction to biology and chromosomal instabilities in cancer. Physica A 389,4374-4388.
Lal, A., Pan, Y, Navarro, F., Dykxhoorn, D.M., Moreau, L., Meire, E., Bentwich, Z., Lieberman, J., and Chowdhury, D. (2009). miR-24-mediated downregulation of H2AX suppresses DNA repair in terminally differentiated blood cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16,492-498.
Laurie DA, B.M. (1989). The timing of chromosome elimination in hexaploid wheat x maize crosses. Genome 32,953-961.
Lavin, M.F. (2013). The appropriateness of the mouse model for ataxia-telangiectasia: Neurological defects but no neurodegeneration. DNA Repair 12,612-619.
Lawrence, J.B., and Coleman, J.R. (1984). Extinction of muscle-specific properties in somatic cell heterokaryons. Dev Biol 101,463-476.
Leikina, E., and Chernomordik, L.V. (2000). Reversible merger of membranes at the early stage of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated fusion. Mol Biol Cell 11,2359-2371.
Lengauer, C., Kinzler, K.W., and Vogelstein, B. (1997). Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature 386,623-627.
Li, B., Han, Q., Zhu, Y., Yu, Y, Wang, J., and Jiang, X. (2012). Down-regulation of miR-214 contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis by targeting Twist. The FEBS journal 279,2393-2398.
Li, G., Luna, C., Qiu, J., Epstein, D.L., and Gonzalez, P. (2009). Alterations in microRNA expression in stress-induced cellular senescence. Mechanisms of ageing and development 130,731-741.
Liu, Y, and Liu, Q. (2011). ATM signals miRNA biogenesis through KSRP. Molecular cell 41, 367-368.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2007). Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 12,153-162.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2009a). Cell fusion as a hidden force in tumor progression. Cancer Res 69, 8536-8539.
Lu, X., and Kang, Y. (2009b). Efficient acquisition of dual metastasis organotropism to bone and lung through stable spontaneous fusion between MDA-MB-231 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106,9385-9390.
Luijsterburg, M.S., and van Attikum, H. (2011). Chromatin and the DNA damage response:the cancer connection. Mol Oncol 5,349-367.
Lund, E., Guttinger, S., Calado, A., Dahlberg, J.E., and Kutay, U. (2004). Nuclear export of microRNA precursors. Science 303,95-98.
Lytle, J.R., Yario, T.A., and Steitz, J.A. (2007). Target mRNAs are repressed as efficiently by microRNA-binding sites in the 5'UTR as in the 31 UTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 9667-9672.
Mailand, N., Bekker-Jensen, S., Faustrup, H., Melander, F., Bartek, J., Lukas, C., and Lukas, J. (2007). RNF8 ubiquitylates histones at DNA double-strand breaks and promotes assembly of repair proteins. Cell 131,887-900.
Margolis, R.L. (2005). Tetraploidy and tumor development. Cancer cell 8,353-354.
Matsuya, Y, and Green, H. (1969). Somatic cell hybrid between the established human line D98 (presumptive HeLa) and 3T3. Science 163,697-698.
Matsuya, Y., Green, H., and Basilico, C. (1968). Properties and uses of human-mouse hybrid cell lines. Nature 220,1199-1202.
Mi, S., Lee, X., Li, X.P., Veldman, G.M., Finnerty, H., Racie, L., LaVallie, E., Tang, X.Y., Edouard, P., Howes, S., et al. (2000). Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature 403,785-789.
Migeon, B.R., and Miller, C.S. (1968). Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids with single human chromosome (group E):link with thymidine kinase activity. Science 162,1005-1006.
Mirzayans, R., Andrais, B., Scott, A., and Murray, D. (2012). New insights into p53 signaling and cancer cell response to DNA damage:implications for cancer therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012,170325.
Mochida, K., Tsujimoto, H., and Sasakuma, T. (2004). Confocal analysis of chromosome behavior in wheat x maize zygotes. Genome 47,199-205.
Mohler, W.A., Shemer, G, del Campo, J.J., Valansi, C., Opoku-Serebuoh, E., Scranton, V., Assaf, N., White, J.G., and Podbilewicz, B. (2002). The type I membrane protein EFF-1 is essential for developmental cell fusion. Developmental cell 2,355-362.
Moskwa, P., Buffa, F.M., Pan, Y., Panchakshari, R., Gottipati, P., Muschel, R.J., Beech, J., Kulshrestha, R., Abdelmohsen, K., Weinstock, D.M., et al. (2011). miR-182-mediated downregulation of BRCA1 impacts DNA repair and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Mol Cell 41,210-220.
Mueller, A.C., Sun, D., and Dutta, A. (2013). The miR-99 family regulates the DNA damage response through its target SNF2H. Oncogene 32,1164-1172.
Musacchio, A., and Salmon, E.D. (2007a). The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 8,379-393.
Musacchio, A., and Salmon, E.D. (2007b). The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8,379-393.
Nabholz, M., Miggiano, V., and Bodmer, W. (1969). Genetic analysis with human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Nature 223,358-363.
Narisawa-Saito, M., and Kiyono, T. (2007). Basic mechanisms of high-risk human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis:roles of E6 and E7 proteins. Cancer Sci 98, 1505-1511.
Narod, S.A. (2010). BRCA mutations in the management of breast cancer:the state of the art. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7,702-707.
Niemoeller, O.M., Niyazi, M., Corradini, S., Zehentmayr, F., Li, M., Lauber, K., and Belka, C. (2011). MicroRNA expression profiles in human cancer cells after ionizing radiation. Radiation oncology 6,29.
Nigg, E.A. (2006). Origins and consequences of centrosome aberrations in human cancers. Int J Cancer 119,2717-2723.
Nikiforova, M.N., Gandhi, M., Kelly, L., and Nikiforov, Y.E. (2011). MicroRNA dysregulation in human thyroid cells following exposure to ionizing radiation. Thyroid:official journal of the American Thyroid Association 21,261-266.
Nishikawa, S., Terazawa, Y., Nakayama, T., Hirata, A., Makio, T., and Endo, T. (2003). Nep98p is a component of the yeast spindle pole body and essential for nuclear division and fusion. The Journal of biological chemistry 278,9938-9943.
Nowak-Imialek, M., Kues, W.A., Rudolph, C., Schlegelberger, B., Taylor, U., Carnwath, J.W., and Niemann, H. (2010). Preferential loss of porcine chromosomes in reprogrammed interspecies cell hybrids. Cell Reprogram 12,55-65.
Ogle, B.M., Cascalho, M., and Platt, J.L. (2005). Biological implications of cell fusion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6,567-575.
Ozaki, T., and Nakagawara, A. (2011). p53:the attractive tumor suppressor in the cancer research field. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011,603925.
Park, H.Y., Jeon, Y.K., Shin, H.J., Kim, I.J., Kang, H.C., Jeong, S.J., Chung, D.H., and Lee, C.W. (2007). Differential promoter methylation may be a key molecular mechanism in regulating BubRl expression in cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 39,195-204.
Paulsson, K., and Johansson, B. (2007). Trisomy 8 as the sole chromosomal aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Pathol Biol 55,37-48.
Pawelek, J.M. (2014). Fusion of bone marrow-derived cells with cancer cells:metastasis as a secondary disease in cancer. Chinese journal of cancer 33,133-139.
Pawelek, J.M., and Chakraborty, A.K. (2008). Fusion of tumour cells with bone marrow-derived cells:a unifying explanation for metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 8,377-386.
Penna, E., Orso, F., Cimino, D., Tenaglia, E., Lembo, A., Quaglino, E., Poliseno, L., Haimovic, A., Osella-Abate, S., De Pitta, C., et al. (2011). microRNA-214 contributes to melanoma tumour progression through suppression of TFAP2C. EMBO J 30,1990-2007.
Pihan, GA., Wallace, J., Zhou, Y.N., and Doxsey, S.J. (2003). Centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability occur together in pre-invasive carcinomas. Cancer Res 63, 1398-1404.
Qi, H., Cin, P.D., Hernandez, J.M., Garcia, J.L., Sciot, R., Fletcher, C., VanEyken, P., DeWever, I., and VanDenBerghe, H. (1996). Trisomies 8 and 20 in desmoid tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogen 92,147-149.
Quintyne, N.J., Reing, J.E., Hoffelder, D.R., Gollin, S.M., and Saunders, W.S. (2005). Spindle multipolarity is prevented by centrosomal clustering. Science 307,127-129.
RA, F. (1983). Tissue-specific elimination of alternative whole parental genomes in one barley hybrid. Chromosoma 88,386-393.
Rajagopalan, H., Nowak, M.A., Vogelstein, B., and Lengauer, C. (2003). The significance of unstable chromosomes in colorectal cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer 3,695-701.
Rass, E., Grabarz, A., Bertrand, P., and Lopez, B.S. (2012). [Double strand break repair, one mechanism can hide another:alternative non-homologous end joining]. Cancer Radiother 16, 1-10.
Redman, C.W., and Sargent, I.L. (2000). Placental debris, oxidative stress and pre-eclampsia. Placenta 21,597-602.
Reinhardt, H.C., and Schumacher, B. (2012). The p53 network:cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and cancer. Trends in genetics:TIG 28,128-136.
Rieder, C.L., Schultz, A., Cole, R., and Sluder, G. (1994). Anaphase Onset in Vertebrate Somatic-Cells Is Controlled by a Checkpoint That Monitors Sister Kinetochore Attachment to the Spindle. Journal of Cell Biology 127,1301-1310.
Ring, D., Hubble, R., and Kirschner, M. (1982). Mitosis in a Cell with Multiple Centrioles. Journal of Cell Biology 94,549-556.
Ringertz, N.R., Carlsson, S.A., Ege, T., and Bolund, L. (1971). Detection of Human and Chick Nuclear Antigens in Nuclei of Chick Erythrocytes during Reactivation in Heterokaryons with Hela Cells. P Natl Acad Sci USA 68,3228-&.
Roos, W.P., and Kaina, B. (2006). DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. Trends Mol Med 12,440-450.
Roschke, A.V., Stover, K., Tonon, G, Schaffer, A.A., and Kirsch, I.R. (2002). Stable karyotypes in epithelial cancer cell lines despite high rates of ongoing structural and numerical chromosomal instability. Neoplasia 4,19-31.
Sakai, C., Konno, F., Nakano, O., Iwai, T., Yokota, T., Lee, J., Nishida-Umehara, C., Kuroiwa, A., Matsuda, Y., and Yamashita, M. (2007). Chromosome elimination in the interspecific hybrid medaka between Oryzias latipes and O-hubbsi. Chromosome Research 15,697-709.
Salim, H., Akbar, N.S., Zong, D., Vaculova, A.H., Lewensohn, R., Moshfegh, A., Viktorsson, K., and Zhivotovsky, B. (2012). miRNA-214 modulates radiotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of p38MAPK, apoptosis and senescence. British journal of cancer 107,1361-1373.
Sanei, M., Pickering, R., Kumke, K., Nasuda, S., and Houben, A. (2011). Loss of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) from centromeres precedes uniparental chromosome elimination in interspecific barley hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A108, E498-505.
Sanson, M., Zhang, R, Demczuk, S., Delattre, O., DeJong, P., Aurias, A., Thomas, G., and Rouleau, G.A. (1993). Isolation and mapping of 45 NotI linking clones to chromosome 22. Genomics 17,776-779.
Schwarzacher Robinson T, F.R., Smith JB, Bennett MD (1987). Genotypic control of centromere positions of parental genomes in Hordeum X Secale hybrid metaphases. Journal of cell science 87,291-304.
Seki, M., Tada, S., and Enomoto, T. (2006). Function of recQ family helicase in genome stability. Sub-cellular biochemistry 40,49-73.
Shay, J.W., and Wright, W.E. (2011). Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 21,349-353.
Shemer, G., and Podbilewicz, B. (2003). The story of cell fusion:big lessons from little worms. Bioessays 25,672-682.
Shin, S., Cha, H.J., Lee, E.M., Lee, S.J., Seo, S.K., Jin, H.O., Park, I.C., Jin, Y.W., and An, S. (2009). Alteration of miRNA profiles by ionizing radiation in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. International journal of oncology 35,81-86.
Sikora, E., Arendt, T., Bennett, M., and Narita, M. (2011). Impact of cellular senescence signature on ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 10,146-152.
Silkworth, W.T., Nardi, I.K., Scholl, L.M., and Cimini, D. (2009). Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells. PLoS One 4, e6564.
Solier, S., Zhang, Y.W., Ballestrero, A., Pommier, Y., and Zoppoli, G (2012). DNA damage response pathways and cell cycle checkpoints in colorectal cancer:current concepts and future perspectives for targeted treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 12,356-371.
Solomon, D.A., Kim, T., Diaz-Martinez, L.A., Fair, J., Elkahloun, A.G., Harris, B.T., Toretsky, J.A., Rosenberg, S.A., Shukla, N., Ladanyi, M., et al. (2011). Mutational Inactivation of STAG2 Causes Aneuploidy in Human Cancer. Science 333,1039-1043.
Song, L., Dai, T., Xie, Y, Wang, C., Lin, C., Wu, Z., Ying, Z., Wu, J., Li, M., and Li, J. (2012). Up-regulation of miR-1245 by c-myc targets BRCA2 and impairs DNA repair. Journal of molecular cell biology 4,108-117.
Symington, L.S., and Gautier, J. (2011). Double-strand break end resection and repair pathway choice. Annu Rev Genet 45,247-271.
Taylor, W.R., and Stark, G.R. (2001). Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene 20, 1803-1815.
Toyoda, H., Bregerie, O., Vallet, A., Nalpas, B., Pivert, G, Brechot, C., and Desdouets, C. (2005). Changes to hepatocyte ploidy and binuclearity profiles during human chronic viral hepatitis. Gut 54,297-302.
Trabucchi, M., Briata, P., Garcia-Mayoral, M., Haase, A.D., Filipowicz, W., Ramos, A., Gherzi, R., and Rosenfeld, M.G (2009). The RNA-binding protein KSRP promotes the biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs. Nature 459,1010-1014.
Vig, B.K., and Athwal, R.S. (1989). Sequence of centromere separation:separation in a quasi-stable mouse-human somatic cell hybrid. Chromosoma 98,167-173.
Vitale, I., Senovilla, L., Jemaa, M., Michaud, M., Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., Nanty, L., Criollo, A., Rello-Varona, S., Manic, G, et al. (2010). Multipolar mitosis of tetraploid cells:inhibition by p53 and dependency on Mos. EMBO J 29,1272-1284.
Wang, J.H. (2012). Mechanisms and impacts of chromosomal translocations in cancers. Front Med 6,263-274.
Wang, X., Chen, J., Li, F., Lin, Y., Zhang, X., Lv, Z., and Jiang, J. (2012a). MiR-214 inhibits cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of beta-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 428,525-531.
Wang, X., Willenbring, H., Akkari, Y., Torimaru, Y, Foster, M., Al-Dhalimy, M., Lagasse, E., Finegold, M., Olson, S., and Grompe, M. (2003). Cell fusion is the principal source of bone-marrow-derived hepatocytes. Nature 422,897-901.
Wang, Y, Huang, J.W., Calses, P., Kemp, C.J., and Taniguchi, T. (2012b). MiR-96 downregulates REV1 and RAD51 to promote cellular sensitivity to cisplatin and PARP inhibition. Cancer Res 72,4037-4046.
Wang, Y, Huang, J.W., Li, M., Cavenee, W.K., Mitchell, P.S., Zhou, X., Tewari, M., Furnari, F.B., and Taniguchi, T. (2011). MicroRNA-138 modulates DNA damage response by repressing histone H2AX expression. Molecular cancer research:MCR 9,1100-1111.
Wang, Y, and Taniguchi, T. (2013). MicroRNAs and DNA damage response:implications for cancer therapy. Cell Cycle 12,32-42.
Wasmuth, J.J. (2001). Overview of somatic cell hybrid mapping. Current protocols in human genetics/editorial board, Jonathan L Haines [et al] Chapter 3, Unit 31.
Watanabe, Y, and Maekawa, M. (2010). Spatiotemporal regulation of DNA replication in the human genome and its association with genomic instability and disease. Curr Med Chem 17, 222-233.
Weaver, B.A.A., and Cleveland, D.W. (2007). Does aneuploidy cause cancer? (vol 18, pg 658, 2006). Curr Opin Cell Biol 19,246-246.
Weimann, J.M., Johansson, C.B., Trejo, A., and Blau, H.M. (2003). Stable reprogrammed heterokaryons form spontaneously in Purkinje neurons after bone marrow transplant. Nat Cell Biol 5,959-966.
Wright, W.E., and Aronoff, J. (1983). The Suppression of Myogenic Functions in Heterokaryons Formed by Fusing Chick Myocytes to Diploid Rat Fibroblasts. Cell Differ Dev 12,299-306.
Yan, D., Ng, W.L., Zhang, X., Wang, P., Zhang, Z., Mo, Y.Y., Mao, H., Hao, C., Olson, J.J., Curran, W.J., et al. (2010). Targeting DNA-PKcs and ATM with miR-101 sensitizes tumors to radiation. PloS one 5, e11397.
Yang, H., Kong, W., He, L., Zhao, J.J., O'Donnell, J.D., Wang, J., Wenham, R.M., Coppola, D., Kruk, P.A., Nicosia, S.V., et al. (2008). MicroRNA expression profiling in human ovarian cancer:miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN. Cancer Res 68,425-433.
Yang, L., and Huang, H.W. (2002). Observation of a membrane fusion intermediate structure. Science 297,1877-1879.
Yang, L., Li, Y, Cheng, M., Huang, D., Zheng, J., Liu, B., Ling, X., Li, Q., Zhang, X., Ji, W., et al. (2012). A functional polymorphism at microRNA-629-binding site in the 3'-untranslated region of NBS1 gene confers an increased risk of lung cancer in Southern and Eastern Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 33,338-347.
Yang, T.S., Yang, X.H., Wang, X.D., Wang, Y.L., Zhou, B., and Song, Z.S. (2013). MiR-214 regulate gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting PTEN. Cancer cell international 13,68.
Yerle, M., Echard, G., Robic, A., Mairal, A., Dubut-Fontana, C., Riquet, J., Pinton, P., Milan, D., Lahbib-Mansais, Y, and Gellin, J. (1996). A somatic cell hybrid panel for pig regional gene mapping characterized by molecular cytogenetics. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 73, 194-202.
Zelesco, P.A., and Graves, JA. (1988). Chromosome segregation from cell hybrids. Ⅳ. Movement and position of segregant set chromosomes in early-phase interspecific cell hybrids. Journal of cell science 89 (Pt 1),49-56.
Zhang, M., and Hu, J. (2013). Homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes in plant cells. Frontiers in plant science 4,514.
Zhang, X., Wan, G., Berger, F.G., He, X., and Lu, X. (2011). The ATM kinase induces microRNA biogenesis in the DNA damage response. Molecular cell 41,371-383.
Zhang, X.J., Ye, H., Zeng, C.W., He, B., Zhang, H., and Chen, Y.Q. (2010). Dysregulation of miR-15a and miR-214 in human pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 3,46.
Zhang, Z.C., Li, Y.Y., Wang, H.Y., Fu, S., Wang, X.P., Zeng, M.S., Zeng, Y.X., and Shao, J.Y. (2014). Knockdown of miR-214 Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PloS one 9, e86149.
Zijlstra, C., Bosma, A.A., and de Haan, N.A. (1994). Comparative study of pig-rodent somatic cell hybrids. Animal genetics 25,319-327.
Zinkel, S., Gross, A., and Yang, E. (2006). BCL2 family in DNA damage and cell cycle control. Cell Death Differ 13,1351-1359.