城市地铁车站近接施工数值模拟及智能预测
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摘要
进入21世纪,地下空间这一宝贵的资源也越来越多的得到了人们的开发和利用,而地铁作为一种便捷、快速、环保的城市轨道交通运输工具,也在近年来大量的兴建起来。但由于地铁隧道所处的地质体具有复杂性和变异性的特点,施工过程对围岩及周围结构物的影响是不容忽视的。保证在新建隧道安全施工的基础上,又使既有的结构物保持正常使用是隧道施工中亟待解决的问题。
本文结合大连地铁2号线香工街车站各施工阶段使用的工法,通过计算分析和现场监测的手段,对该车站开挖的稳定性及开挖对近接桥基的影响进行研究并指导施工。
结合地质勘测资料和现场的施工监测数据,对该车站施工过程进行数值模拟研究,分析采用各工法围岩的稳定性。在CRD法模拟中,结合钙质板岩的三轴试验,采用摩尔库伦模型和应变软化模型对已开挖隧道的承载力进行计算,并比较两种模型的计算结果,得到含隧道路基的渐进破坏模式。在盖挖法数值模拟中,依据正交设计原理设计正交试验方案,并利用有限差分软件进行计算。计算结果采用极差分析法统计分析,分析各地层土体的物理力学参数的敏感性。
在施工过程中,构建了远程自动化监测系统,实时监控数据并对数据进行处理,采用进化—支持向量机的方法,对监测数据进行滚动预测。结果表明：智能预测结果与实际监测结果吻合,并采用该方法预测了一次塌方,通过对地层进行注浆加固处理,保证了施工安全进行。
香工街车站的研究成果,对近接施工理论提供了理论和工程依据,对现场施工具有重要的指导意义,也为类似的工程施工提供借鉴和指导。
In the 21st century, with the appliance and development of underground space-avaluable resource, urban metro as a convenient, fast and environmental rail transport of modern cities, is being built in recent years. However geologic body which metro tunnel was located has the characteristics of complexity and variance, the influence of construction process to the surrounding rock and structures should not be ignored. On the basis of constructing the new tunnel safely, ensure the existing structures maintain normal utilization is a problem which need to be solved in the tunnel construction.
By the means of calculation analysis and field monitoring, this paper, combined with the construction method of each excavation stage in the Xianggong street station of Dalian metro line 2, makes a scrutiny into excavation stability of the station and the influence of excavation on adjacent pile foundations, and then guides construction.
Combined with the geological survey information and field construction monitoring data, the paper analyzed stability of surrounding rock with different construction methods based on the numerical simulation of construction process. In the simulation of center cross diagram method, combined with triaxial compression test on calcareous slate, the Mohr-Coulomb model and the Strain-Softening model are used to calculate the bearing capacity of excavated tunnel. After the simulation of the Strain-Softening model got the progressive failure pattern of tunnel roadbed bearing capacity, the paper compared the results of two methods with each other. In the numerical simulation of covered excavation method, according to orthogonal design principle, the paper designs the orthogonal design plan, and then the finite difference software FLAC3D is used to calculate. Using the extreme difference analysis for statistical analysis, the comparison of the difference of the sensitiveness of physical and mechanical parameters in the various soil formations was made in this paper.
In the construction process, the remote automation monitoring system was constructed to monitor their real-time data as well as manipulate data at any moment. The monitoring data is used for roll forecast by the means of GA-SVM. The results show that:Intelligent forecast results are consistent with field monitoring results. This method forecast a collapse accident. Through grouting to strengthen strata, the safe excavation was achieved.
The research of Xianggong street station provides the theory and engineering basis for adjacent construction theory, and has important guidance to field construction, and also provides reference and guidance for similar constructions.
本文结合大连地铁2号线香工街车站各施工阶段使用的工法,通过计算分析和现场监测的手段,对该车站开挖的稳定性及开挖对近接桥基的影响进行研究并指导施工。
结合地质勘测资料和现场的施工监测数据,对该车站施工过程进行数值模拟研究,分析采用各工法围岩的稳定性。在CRD法模拟中,结合钙质板岩的三轴试验,采用摩尔库伦模型和应变软化模型对已开挖隧道的承载力进行计算,并比较两种模型的计算结果,得到含隧道路基的渐进破坏模式。在盖挖法数值模拟中,依据正交设计原理设计正交试验方案,并利用有限差分软件进行计算。计算结果采用极差分析法统计分析,分析各地层土体的物理力学参数的敏感性。
在施工过程中,构建了远程自动化监测系统,实时监控数据并对数据进行处理,采用进化—支持向量机的方法,对监测数据进行滚动预测。结果表明：智能预测结果与实际监测结果吻合,并采用该方法预测了一次塌方,通过对地层进行注浆加固处理,保证了施工安全进行。
香工街车站的研究成果,对近接施工理论提供了理论和工程依据,对现场施工具有重要的指导意义,也为类似的工程施工提供借鉴和指导。
In the 21st century, with the appliance and development of underground space-avaluable resource, urban metro as a convenient, fast and environmental rail transport of modern cities, is being built in recent years. However geologic body which metro tunnel was located has the characteristics of complexity and variance, the influence of construction process to the surrounding rock and structures should not be ignored. On the basis of constructing the new tunnel safely, ensure the existing structures maintain normal utilization is a problem which need to be solved in the tunnel construction.
By the means of calculation analysis and field monitoring, this paper, combined with the construction method of each excavation stage in the Xianggong street station of Dalian metro line 2, makes a scrutiny into excavation stability of the station and the influence of excavation on adjacent pile foundations, and then guides construction.
Combined with the geological survey information and field construction monitoring data, the paper analyzed stability of surrounding rock with different construction methods based on the numerical simulation of construction process. In the simulation of center cross diagram method, combined with triaxial compression test on calcareous slate, the Mohr-Coulomb model and the Strain-Softening model are used to calculate the bearing capacity of excavated tunnel. After the simulation of the Strain-Softening model got the progressive failure pattern of tunnel roadbed bearing capacity, the paper compared the results of two methods with each other. In the numerical simulation of covered excavation method, according to orthogonal design principle, the paper designs the orthogonal design plan, and then the finite difference software FLAC3D is used to calculate. Using the extreme difference analysis for statistical analysis, the comparison of the difference of the sensitiveness of physical and mechanical parameters in the various soil formations was made in this paper.
In the construction process, the remote automation monitoring system was constructed to monitor their real-time data as well as manipulate data at any moment. The monitoring data is used for roll forecast by the means of GA-SVM. The results show that:Intelligent forecast results are consistent with field monitoring results. This method forecast a collapse accident. Through grouting to strengthen strata, the safe excavation was achieved.
The research of Xianggong street station provides the theory and engineering basis for adjacent construction theory, and has important guidance to field construction, and also provides reference and guidance for similar constructions.
引文
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[3]Lo K W, Leung L F et al. Field instrumentation of a multiple tunnel interaction problem. Tunnels and Tunnelling.1998,6:147-152.
[4]杉本兴隆,松本嘉司,西周隆.用能量理论对平行双洞隧道进行稳定分析.隧道译丛,1990,2,30-40.
[5]Duddeck H. Application of numerical and analysis for tunneling international. Journal for Numerical & Analytical Methods in Geotechnics,1991,17(3):1-9.
[6]青木俊朗,菅原胜彦.双轴应力下并列圆形孔洞和单个矩形孔洞的弹塑性解析.隧道译丛,1991,3,53-60.
[7]Soliman E, Duddeck H, Aherns H. Two and three dimensional analysis of closely spaced double-tube tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1993,8(1):13-18.
[8]剑万禧.近距离巷道围岩稳定性及合理问跨.矿山压力与顶板竹理,1997,3(4)：98-100.
[9]阳生权.小线间距施工隧道爆破地震影响下既有隧道围岩线性动力分析.工程爆破,1998,4(1)：1-6.
[10]李强,曾德顺.垂直交叉隧道的计算分析.现代隧道技术,2001,38(3)：29-33.
[11]孙钧,刘洪洲.交叠隧道盾构法施工土体变形的三维数值模拟.同济大学学报,2002,30(4)：379-385.
[12]廖惠生,叶文谦,陆俊融.潜盾隧道近接施工之影響评估及分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2)：4876-4881.
[13]高长军,丁茂瑞,王琪等.隧道近接施工对既有桥梁稳定性影响的二维模拟研究.中外公路,2010,30(3)：229-233.
[14]Yamaguchi I, Yamazaki H, Kiritani Y. Study of ground-tunnel interactions of four shield tunnels driven in close proximiy. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13 (3):289-304.
[15]张玉军,熊传义.拟建武汉地铁盾构法施工的有限元数值模拟.岩土力学,2001,22(1)：51-55.
[16]熊燕斌,高英林.有限元数值模拟在南京地铁张府园和玄武门车站结构设计中的应用.地下工程与隧道,2003,3：10-13.
[17]王绍君,刘宗仁,陶夏新.浅埋暗挖隧道施工性态的数值模拟与分析.土木工程学报,2007,40(6)：75-79.
[18]史继尧,刘招伟,余永强.PBA施工对地表沉降影响的数值模拟.低温建筑技术,2010,2：62-64.
[19]漆泰岳,刘强,据国全.软弱岩层大跨度地铁车站施工优化与地表沉降控制.岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4)：804-813.
[20]房师军,付拥军,姚爱军.某地铁工程深基坑排桩围护结构变形规律分析.岩土工程学报,2011,33(增])：216-2]9.
[21]靳晓光,王兰生,卫宏.公路隧道围岩变形监测及其应用.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(1)：19-23.
[22]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展.岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8)：1399-1402.
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