南方供暖室内设计温度及舒适性研究
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摘要
平均辐射温度、室内空气温度、空气流速和相对湿度是影响人体热舒适的重要因素,人体热舒适是其影响因素综合作用的结果。各地采暖室外计算温度不同,由于不同室外温度对建筑围护结构壁面温度影响,采用理论计算与实验测试相结合的方法,得出壁面冷辐射换热对人体热舒适的影响。从而探讨了在室内供暖设计时,目前冬季室内热环境研究较少的非传统供暖区域南方舒适节能的供暖室内设计温度情况。
本文首先以达到传统供暖区域代表城市北京在室内温度为18℃环境下相同的人体热舒适为标准,理论计算了不同采暖室外计算温度下,对应的室内平均辐射温度和室内空气温度情况。然后设计了实验小房间,利用焓差实验室模拟出建筑物室内、外热环境,实验测试了不同室外设计温度下,室内环境的围护结构壁面温度、室内空气温度、相对湿度和PMV值等参数情况。
研究得出实验测试结果与理论计算结果能够较好的吻合;室外设计温度越高,壁面冷辐射换热对人体热舒适的影响越小,对应的舒适性温度可以降低。由此得到:由于非传统供暖区域南方地区的采暖室外计算温度高于传统采暖区域北方地区,同样舒适条件下,对应的室内供暖设计温度可以比北方地区低;达到节能目的,以广州地区为例,通过自编程序计算,室内设计温度可以低0.8℃;采用本文选用的理论公式和编写的程序计算得出室内供暖设计温度,对建筑舒适节能室内供暖设计温度的选取有一定参考价值。
Mean radiation temperature, indoor air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity are important factors effecting on human thermal comfort, and it is the comprehensive effect of influencing factors. There are different heating outdoor calculated temperatures in different regions, based on the different outdoor temperatures have different affects on the building palisade structure wall temperature, by the means of combining the theoretical calculation whit the experiment test , the effects of the wall cold radiation heat transfer on thermal comfort were obtained,then the comfortable and energy efficient heating indoor design temperature of the non-traditional heating south regions were studied, whose heating outdoor calculation temperatures are generally higher than traditional heating south regions.
At first taking the human thermal comfort of indoor temperature at 18℃in Beijing which is the traditional heating area representative cities a s a standard, theoretically calculated indoor mean temperature and comfortable indoor air temperature under the different heating outdoor calculation temperature. Then designed the small experiment room, simulated the building indoor and outdoor thermal joining with enthalpy difference laboratory and tested indoor environment parameters, such as palisade structure wall temperature, mean radiation temperature, PMV and so on under the condition of different outdoor design temperatures.
Research suggests that the test results and the theoretical calculation result can be good consistent, the higher outdoor design temperature, the smaller influence of the wall cold radiant heat transfer on the human thermal comfort, the corresponding thermal comfort temperature can be lower. It is shows that the heating indoor design temperature in south regions can lower that in the north regions, because the heating outdoor calculation temperature in south non-traditional heating region is generally higher than that in traditional heating region. The calculating heating indoor design temperature acquired by the theoretical formula and the calculation program in this paper has certain reference value for the energy-saving and comfortable building indoor heating design temperature selection.
本文首先以达到传统供暖区域代表城市北京在室内温度为18℃环境下相同的人体热舒适为标准,理论计算了不同采暖室外计算温度下,对应的室内平均辐射温度和室内空气温度情况。然后设计了实验小房间,利用焓差实验室模拟出建筑物室内、外热环境,实验测试了不同室外设计温度下,室内环境的围护结构壁面温度、室内空气温度、相对湿度和PMV值等参数情况。
研究得出实验测试结果与理论计算结果能够较好的吻合;室外设计温度越高,壁面冷辐射换热对人体热舒适的影响越小,对应的舒适性温度可以降低。由此得到:由于非传统供暖区域南方地区的采暖室外计算温度高于传统采暖区域北方地区,同样舒适条件下,对应的室内供暖设计温度可以比北方地区低;达到节能目的,以广州地区为例,通过自编程序计算,室内设计温度可以低0.8℃;采用本文选用的理论公式和编写的程序计算得出室内供暖设计温度,对建筑舒适节能室内供暖设计温度的选取有一定参考价值。
Mean radiation temperature, indoor air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity are important factors effecting on human thermal comfort, and it is the comprehensive effect of influencing factors. There are different heating outdoor calculated temperatures in different regions, based on the different outdoor temperatures have different affects on the building palisade structure wall temperature, by the means of combining the theoretical calculation whit the experiment test , the effects of the wall cold radiation heat transfer on thermal comfort were obtained,then the comfortable and energy efficient heating indoor design temperature of the non-traditional heating south regions were studied, whose heating outdoor calculation temperatures are generally higher than traditional heating south regions.
At first taking the human thermal comfort of indoor temperature at 18℃in Beijing which is the traditional heating area representative cities a s a standard, theoretically calculated indoor mean temperature and comfortable indoor air temperature under the different heating outdoor calculation temperature. Then designed the small experiment room, simulated the building indoor and outdoor thermal joining with enthalpy difference laboratory and tested indoor environment parameters, such as palisade structure wall temperature, mean radiation temperature, PMV and so on under the condition of different outdoor design temperatures.
Research suggests that the test results and the theoretical calculation result can be good consistent, the higher outdoor design temperature, the smaller influence of the wall cold radiant heat transfer on the human thermal comfort, the corresponding thermal comfort temperature can be lower. It is shows that the heating indoor design temperature in south regions can lower that in the north regions, because the heating outdoor calculation temperature in south non-traditional heating region is generally higher than that in traditional heating region. The calculating heating indoor design temperature acquired by the theoretical formula and the calculation program in this paper has certain reference value for the energy-saving and comfortable building indoor heating design temperature selection.
引文
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[22] N.Yamtraipat. Thermal Comfort Standards for Air Conditioned Buildings in Hot and Humid Thailand Considering Additional Factors of Acclimatization and Education Level[J]. Solar Energy, 2005(78):504-517.
[23]吉野博等.对于高绝热高气密性住宅的热湿环境及居住者健康调查.日本建筑学会计画系论文集,第507号,1998.5.
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[26]李文菁.不同环境下的人体热感觉[J] .湖南大学,2006
[27]朱卫能,张小彬,杨松等.哈尔滨市某高校教室冬季热舒适研究[J] .建筑热能通风空调,2008,27(5):1-5
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[29]张旭,薛卫华,王宝凯等.供暖房间热舒适模糊分析及最优化室内计算温度研究[J] .暖通空调,1999,29(2):66-68
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