天文建筑对圆顶视宁度的影响研究
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摘要
天文建筑(包括圆顶,观测室等)为望远镜提供了工作的场所,并保护望远镜,减少风振动,温度变化,雨,雪,湿,灰尘等不利因素对望远镜的影响。由于白天太阳照射所积累的热量,圆顶内的机械,电子,控制设备,人员活动等产生的热量,并且由于圆顶,天窗,地板,望远镜的桁架等的热容量和空气的不同,当外界空气温度变化时,它们无法及时追踪环境温度的变化,而在望远镜的光路上形成了温差,使这部分空气的折射率产生了较大的波动,从而降低了成像的分辨率,进而影响望远镜的成像质量。这种对视宁度的影响可称为圆顶视宁度。
本文首先详细的介绍了圆顶视宁度的概念,成因,以及圆顶内的大气的不同状态对视宁度影响的程度,分析了建筑样式,传热,通风,空调等各种改善圆顶视宁度的措施及其效果。然后介绍了云南天文台丽江2.4米望远镜设计建造时改善圆顶视宁度的措施,包括隔热,自然通风,强制通风等,并提出了评价这些措施效果的实验方案。实测研究包括使用微温脉动,DIMM。接着介绍了微温脉动仪的原理和制作过程,包括仪器原理,仪器组成,软硬件的设计,调试,定标以及一个简单的测试。最后又对现在已做的一些实测工作的数据进行了分析,并介绍了将来的一些计划和设想。
Astronomical architecture offers workplace for the telescope and protect telescope from wind vibration, temperature change and other bad weather conditions. Heat comes from sun radiation, electrical, mechanical and control equipment operation, and human activity, make the temperature difference in the light road above telescope, minimize the resolving power. This affect can be called "dome seeing" .
The concept, origin and the influence by variety of status of atmosphere in dome are introduced in this paper at first, and the effect of architecture style, heat transfer, ventilation, air conditioning and so on is also analyzed.Then the design of Yunnan astronomical observatory lijiang 2.4m telescope dome is introduced, it consists of heat insulation, natural ventilation, forced ventilation. A proposal of evaluating these methods is given.An equipment of measure turbulence fluctuation is designed and made. The basic principle, buildup, hardware and software design, debug, calibration and locale test results are also presented.The data of former work is analyzed and some future plan is presented at last.
本文首先详细的介绍了圆顶视宁度的概念,成因,以及圆顶内的大气的不同状态对视宁度影响的程度,分析了建筑样式,传热,通风,空调等各种改善圆顶视宁度的措施及其效果。然后介绍了云南天文台丽江2.4米望远镜设计建造时改善圆顶视宁度的措施,包括隔热,自然通风,强制通风等,并提出了评价这些措施效果的实验方案。实测研究包括使用微温脉动,DIMM。接着介绍了微温脉动仪的原理和制作过程,包括仪器原理,仪器组成,软硬件的设计,调试,定标以及一个简单的测试。最后又对现在已做的一些实测工作的数据进行了分析,并介绍了将来的一些计划和设想。
Astronomical architecture offers workplace for the telescope and protect telescope from wind vibration, temperature change and other bad weather conditions. Heat comes from sun radiation, electrical, mechanical and control equipment operation, and human activity, make the temperature difference in the light road above telescope, minimize the resolving power. This affect can be called "dome seeing" .
The concept, origin and the influence by variety of status of atmosphere in dome are introduced in this paper at first, and the effect of architecture style, heat transfer, ventilation, air conditioning and so on is also analyzed.Then the design of Yunnan astronomical observatory lijiang 2.4m telescope dome is introduced, it consists of heat insulation, natural ventilation, forced ventilation. A proposal of evaluating these methods is given.An equipment of measure turbulence fluctuation is designed and made. The basic principle, buildup, hardware and software design, debug, calibration and locale test results are also presented.The data of former work is analyzed and some future plan is presented at last.
引文
[1]饶瑞中,光在湍流大气中的传播,安徽科学技术出版社[M],2005.12
[2]刘忠,湍流大气的像质衰减参数及测量,硕士论文,1996
[3]谭徽松,钱铜铃,岑学奋,圆顶视宁度和高美古观测室的考虑,云南天文台台刊2002,4:51-59
[4]G.A.Harding,B.Mack,F.G.Smith and J.R.Stokoe,On the avoidance of bad seeing conditions within telescope domes[J].Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc(1979)188,241-247
[5]C.M.Lowne,An investigation of the effects of mirror temperature upon telescope seeing[J].Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc(1979) 188,249-259
[6]Rene Racine,Derrick Salmon,David Cowley,Jerry Sovka,mirror,dome,and natural seeing at CFHT[J].PASP(1991)103:1020-1032
[7]Daniel Blanco,Charles Corson,David Sawyer,seeing experiment with the WIYN telescope.SPIE Vol.4004(2000),431-437
[8]Sean G.Ryan,Peter R.Wood,Seeing degradation within the Anglo-Australian telescope dome[J],PASP(1995),12,89-94
[9]Lorenzo Zago,An engineering handbook for local and dome seeing,SPIE Vol.2871,726-736
[10]Mariana de Kock,Sarel Venter,Designing the SALT Facility to Minimize Dome Seeing Effects,SPIE Vol.4837(2003),206-216
[14]李志,2.4m望远镜观测室项目技术说明书,云南天文台内部资料
[12]李志,云南天文台2.4米望远镜观测室设计,云南天文台内部资料
[13]范玉峰,陈东,卢汝为,朱高峰,近观测室地面的处理[J],天文研究与技术,2004,4:300-306
[14]候金良,天文选址的主要参数及测量方法[J].天文学进展,1994,12(2):126-132
[15]杜金林,张宏升,张霭琛.钨铼丝温度脉动仪的制作与应用[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2000,(2):1-6.
[16]吴晓庆,马成胜,翁宁泉等.一种用于天文台选址的气象参数和大气湍流测量系统,量子电子学报,2001,18(2):184-187
[17]J.C.WYNGAARD,Y.IZUM,Behavior of the Refractive-Index-Structure Parameter near the Ground,JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,VOLUME 61(1971),1646-1650
[2]刘忠,湍流大气的像质衰减参数及测量,硕士论文,1996
[3]谭徽松,钱铜铃,岑学奋,圆顶视宁度和高美古观测室的考虑,云南天文台台刊2002,4:51-59
[4]G.A.Harding,B.Mack,F.G.Smith and J.R.Stokoe,On the avoidance of bad seeing conditions within telescope domes[J].Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc(1979)188,241-247
[5]C.M.Lowne,An investigation of the effects of mirror temperature upon telescope seeing[J].Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc(1979) 188,249-259
[6]Rene Racine,Derrick Salmon,David Cowley,Jerry Sovka,mirror,dome,and natural seeing at CFHT[J].PASP(1991)103:1020-1032
[7]Daniel Blanco,Charles Corson,David Sawyer,seeing experiment with the WIYN telescope.SPIE Vol.4004(2000),431-437
[8]Sean G.Ryan,Peter R.Wood,Seeing degradation within the Anglo-Australian telescope dome[J],PASP(1995),12,89-94
[9]Lorenzo Zago,An engineering handbook for local and dome seeing,SPIE Vol.2871,726-736
[10]Mariana de Kock,Sarel Venter,Designing the SALT Facility to Minimize Dome Seeing Effects,SPIE Vol.4837(2003),206-216
[14]李志,2.4m望远镜观测室项目技术说明书,云南天文台内部资料
[12]李志,云南天文台2.4米望远镜观测室设计,云南天文台内部资料
[13]范玉峰,陈东,卢汝为,朱高峰,近观测室地面的处理[J],天文研究与技术,2004,4:300-306
[14]候金良,天文选址的主要参数及测量方法[J].天文学进展,1994,12(2):126-132
[15]杜金林,张宏升,张霭琛.钨铼丝温度脉动仪的制作与应用[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2000,(2):1-6.
[16]吴晓庆,马成胜,翁宁泉等.一种用于天文台选址的气象参数和大气湍流测量系统,量子电子学报,2001,18(2):184-187
[17]J.C.WYNGAARD,Y.IZUM,Behavior of the Refractive-Index-Structure Parameter near the Ground,JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,VOLUME 61(1971),1646-1650