湿法处理银锌精矿工艺研究
摘要
本研究处理物料——银锌精矿,是湿法炼锌厂锌浸出渣的浮选银精矿。
研究提出了一种全湿法处理工艺流程,主要分为混酸氧化浸出、硫代硫酸盐分银、元素硫的提取三个部分,在混酸氧化段锌进入浸出液,与浸出渣中硫、银分离,然后再通过后续的工艺将银与硫分离与回收。
对元素硫的提取,提出了一种新的工艺,先进行元素硫的热熔、筛分以富集元素硫,再通过热过滤得到较为纯净的元素硫。
针对工艺流程进行了实验研究,在混酸氧化浸出过程,考察了硫酸加入比例、硝酸加入量、盐酸加入量,液固比、温度、反应时间等因素对于银、锌的浸出的影响。
通过实验,综合考虑工业应用的可能性,得出了优化方案。敞开体系实验得出,在3∶1的水:硫酸比例,液固比8∶1,反应温度90～100℃,反应时间2小时,盐酸加量10ml/50g原料的反应条件下,锌浸出率99.99%,银浸出率98.84%。
实验最后按照工艺流程进行了联合实验以及返回浸出实验,密闭体系联合实验结果:锌浸出率99.98%、银浸出率97.68%、硫回收率68%。返回浸出实验表明,随着返回浸出次数的增加,锌以硫酸锌的形式进入水浸液的量逐渐加大,最终进入水浸液中的锌基本与原料中的锌持平。
本工艺流程具有以下特点:
(1)工艺对于原料中锌、银的浸出体系、浸出条件要求简单,浸出率高。使原料中锌银得以有效回收。
(2)对于渣中硫元素的提取,本研究提出了一种开创性的工艺。
(3)工艺采用全湿法的过程,设备要求简单,可操作性好,工艺应用前景极佳。
In this paper, a new hydrometallurgy process of Silver-zinc concentrate is researched. Silver-zinc concentrate comes from the flotation procedure of zinc leached residues.The process consists of : mixed acid leaching , leaching silver by thiosulfate method, extracting sulfur. In the first part, zinc is leached into solution, silver and sulfur is kept in the leached residue . At the next part, silver in the leached residue is separated from sulfurand recovered.The extracting sulfur procedure consists of: hot melt, screening, thermal filtering . At the fist step, sulfur got melted and enriched,then, it was extracted by filter.In the leaching process, some factors are investigated as follow, the concentration of acid (including sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid ), the liquid-solid ratio, temperature and time.The experimental results show that the silver and zinc leaching rate is related to the factors: the quantity of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;the ratio of liqiud-solid;temperature;reaction time, etc.Based on the possibility of industry application and the results of this experiment, on a 50g scale, a zinc leaching rate 99.99% and a silver leaching rate 98.84% are achieved in open system experiment under the following conditions: the ratio of sulfuric acid and water (volume ratio) : 3:1;the ratio of liquid-solid: 8:1, reaction temperature: 100℃;2 hours last, volume of adding hydrochloric acid: 10ml.At last, united experiment and recycle leaching are done to the test the process. In united experiment, a few results are achieved as follow: a 99.98% zinc leaching ratio and a 97.68% silver leaching ratio are achieved;and a 68% sulfur recovery ratio in the form of element of sulfur. Recycle leaching results show that the zinc sulphate was separate from the leaching solution.To process there are some specialties such as :
(1) The leaching system of zinc and silver is simple.(2) The leaching ratio of zinc, silver, sulfur is high.(2) A new method of extracting sulfur is brought forward.(3) The process is a hydrometallurgy process.(4) The equipment used is normal.(5) The process do not destroy environment and is applied in industry easily.
研究提出了一种全湿法处理工艺流程,主要分为混酸氧化浸出、硫代硫酸盐分银、元素硫的提取三个部分,在混酸氧化段锌进入浸出液,与浸出渣中硫、银分离,然后再通过后续的工艺将银与硫分离与回收。
对元素硫的提取,提出了一种新的工艺,先进行元素硫的热熔、筛分以富集元素硫,再通过热过滤得到较为纯净的元素硫。
针对工艺流程进行了实验研究,在混酸氧化浸出过程,考察了硫酸加入比例、硝酸加入量、盐酸加入量,液固比、温度、反应时间等因素对于银、锌的浸出的影响。
通过实验,综合考虑工业应用的可能性,得出了优化方案。敞开体系实验得出,在3∶1的水:硫酸比例,液固比8∶1,反应温度90～100℃,反应时间2小时,盐酸加量10ml/50g原料的反应条件下,锌浸出率99.99%,银浸出率98.84%。
实验最后按照工艺流程进行了联合实验以及返回浸出实验,密闭体系联合实验结果:锌浸出率99.98%、银浸出率97.68%、硫回收率68%。返回浸出实验表明,随着返回浸出次数的增加,锌以硫酸锌的形式进入水浸液的量逐渐加大,最终进入水浸液中的锌基本与原料中的锌持平。
本工艺流程具有以下特点:
(1)工艺对于原料中锌、银的浸出体系、浸出条件要求简单,浸出率高。使原料中锌银得以有效回收。
(2)对于渣中硫元素的提取,本研究提出了一种开创性的工艺。
(3)工艺采用全湿法的过程,设备要求简单,可操作性好,工艺应用前景极佳。
In this paper, a new hydrometallurgy process of Silver-zinc concentrate is researched. Silver-zinc concentrate comes from the flotation procedure of zinc leached residues.The process consists of : mixed acid leaching , leaching silver by thiosulfate method, extracting sulfur. In the first part, zinc is leached into solution, silver and sulfur is kept in the leached residue . At the next part, silver in the leached residue is separated from sulfurand recovered.The extracting sulfur procedure consists of: hot melt, screening, thermal filtering . At the fist step, sulfur got melted and enriched,then, it was extracted by filter.In the leaching process, some factors are investigated as follow, the concentration of acid (including sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid ), the liquid-solid ratio, temperature and time.The experimental results show that the silver and zinc leaching rate is related to the factors: the quantity of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;the ratio of liqiud-solid;temperature;reaction time, etc.Based on the possibility of industry application and the results of this experiment, on a 50g scale, a zinc leaching rate 99.99% and a silver leaching rate 98.84% are achieved in open system experiment under the following conditions: the ratio of sulfuric acid and water (volume ratio) : 3:1;the ratio of liquid-solid: 8:1, reaction temperature: 100℃;2 hours last, volume of adding hydrochloric acid: 10ml.At last, united experiment and recycle leaching are done to the test the process. In united experiment, a few results are achieved as follow: a 99.98% zinc leaching ratio and a 97.68% silver leaching ratio are achieved;and a 68% sulfur recovery ratio in the form of element of sulfur. Recycle leaching results show that the zinc sulphate was separate from the leaching solution.To process there are some specialties such as :
(1) The leaching system of zinc and silver is simple.(2) The leaching ratio of zinc, silver, sulfur is high.(2) A new method of extracting sulfur is brought forward.(3) The process is a hydrometallurgy process.(4) The equipment used is normal.(5) The process do not destroy environment and is applied in industry easily.
引文
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[5] 陆跃华 从锌浸出渣中回收银的方法[J],贵金属,1995.16(3):55～60
[6] R. M. G. Berezowsky. Silver and Gold Recoveryltom Zinc Pressure leach Residue Lead Zinc, 1990, 135
[7] 美国专利, US4225342, 1980
[8] Tachan Kwangsan Hakhoe Cb, Metal Ab 1980(10);1
[9] 黄开国.从锌浸出渣中浮选回收银[J],中南工业大学学报,1997,28(6):530～532
[10] 《选矿手册》编委会,《选矿手册》第八卷四分册[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1990,487～491
[11] 游力挥译.老山公司的银浮选生产[J],株冶科技,1990,18(1)64～65
[12] 李华译 浸出浮选联合法从锌渣中回收银[J]
[13] 周国华,薛玉兰 蒋玉仁,何伯泉,湿法炼锌渣浮选回收银的研究进展,2000.16(4):21～24
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[16] 无机化学丛书编委会,《无机化学丛书》(第五卷),北京:科学出版社,1996
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[19] 唐昭峥,毛兴民,我国硫磺回收技术的进步,石油化工环境保护,1996(1):22～26
[20] 唐昭峥,毛兴民,罗守坤等,国外硫磺回收和尾气处理技术进展综述,齐鲁石油化工,1995,(4):302～311
[21] 张义玲,李文波,硫回收技术进展评述,炼油与化工,2003,(1):9～12
[22] 姚淑华,石中亮,宋守志,有色金属冶炼烟气S02的回收治理及其资源化。化工生产与技术,2003,10(5):22～25
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[26] Martin M T, Tankola W A, Mine Metal Bull. 1985, 78(876): 77～81
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