新型盘式流膜选矿机分选广西凤凰山矿细泥锡尾矿试验研究
摘要
中国是最早生产和使用锡的文明古国之一,20世纪初,中国引进西方技术,揭开了我国现代锡工业的序幕。50年代以后,锡工业迅速发展,中国逐步跨入世界锡生产和消费大国的前列。锡作为现代工业的基础材料,其应用范围日益广阔。然而,随着多年来锡资源的开发利用,可供开采的锡矿越来越少、其品位也越来越低。因此,从堆积多年的锡尾矿中二次回收锡金属具有非常重要的现实意义。
细粒重选设备的研制一直是选矿设备发展的重点,新型盘式流膜选矿机是针对目前该类设备应用中存在的问题,通过大量的调查研究、总结分析,开发出的一种结构合理、效率高、能耗低,易于实现大型化,具有广阔应用前景的细粒重选设备。本论文利用其对华锡集团凤凰山矿的细泥锡尾矿进行选矿试验研究,主要是考查其分选指标及稳定性,以便为其推广和现场工艺改造提供科学的依据。
本试验所用试样品位0.18%,由原矿粒级分析知,锡主要分布在0.074mm～0.019mm粒级中,其占有率为56.60%,该部分锡石能被新型盘式流膜选矿机高效回收；但是+0.10mm和-0.01mm两粒级的金属占有率也比较高,分别为13.86%和14.86%,合计达28.72%,新型盘式流膜选矿机对该部分锡石的回收率不高,这也是影响本实验锡粗精矿回收率的一个主要因素,所以建议现场生产中在盘式选矿机作业前增加分级作业。
针对该细泥锡尾矿的特性,通过实验确定了比较合理的技术参数：重锤回旋振动频率311转／分、分选盘面的转动速度4分／转、给矿浓度20%、给矿量7吨／天。利用新型盘式流膜选矿机经过一次选别可以得到品位为1.34%,回收率为46.97%的锡粗精矿,这是目前同类细泥重选设备很难达到的。
China is one of the ancient civilized countries that produce and use tin firstly. At the beginning of 20th century, the introduction of western technology in China opened the prelude of the modern industry of tin. After the 1950s, tin industry developed rapidly, and China has gradually led the head in the production and consumption of tin in the world. As the basic materials of modern industry, the application range of tin is becoming wider and wider. However, with the exploitation for many years, the available tin resources are fewer and fewer, and the grade is lower as well. Therefore, it is significant to recover tin from tailings accumulated for many years.
The manufacture of fine gravity separators has always been the focus of development of mineral processing equipments. The new disc flow film separator is a fine gravity separator which has the broadest application prospect. It has right structure, high efficiency, low energy consumption and it is easy to achieve large-scale through a large number of investigations and studies, summarizing and analyzing according to the problems at present. This paper mainly studied its index and stability by researching the fine tin tailings in Fenghuang mountain mine, Huaxi Group, in order to provide a scientific basis for the transformation.
The grade of sample is 0.18%. Tin is mainly in the fraction range of 0.074-0.019mm by analyzing the run of mine, and its occupation ratio is 56.60%. This part can be recovered with a high efficiency by the new disc flow film separator. However, the metal occupation ratio of +0.10mm and -0.01mm fraction is higher,13.86% and 14.86% respectively and 28.72% totally. The recovery of the new disc flow film separator is lower in this part, which is a main factor affecting the recovery of tin concentrate of this experiment. Therefore, classification is proposed to be increased before the disc separator in the site.
According to the feature of fine tin tailings, the rational technical parameters by experiments are determined as follows. The whirling vibration frequency of weights is 311 r/min. The rotating speed of separation disk is 4 min/r. The density of feed is 20%, and the weight of feed is 7 t/d. The grade of the rough tin concentrate is 1.34% and the recovery is 46.97% by separating once using the new disc flow film separator, which is hard for other similar fine gravity equipments at present.
细粒重选设备的研制一直是选矿设备发展的重点,新型盘式流膜选矿机是针对目前该类设备应用中存在的问题,通过大量的调查研究、总结分析,开发出的一种结构合理、效率高、能耗低,易于实现大型化,具有广阔应用前景的细粒重选设备。本论文利用其对华锡集团凤凰山矿的细泥锡尾矿进行选矿试验研究,主要是考查其分选指标及稳定性,以便为其推广和现场工艺改造提供科学的依据。
本试验所用试样品位0.18%,由原矿粒级分析知,锡主要分布在0.074mm～0.019mm粒级中,其占有率为56.60%,该部分锡石能被新型盘式流膜选矿机高效回收；但是+0.10mm和-0.01mm两粒级的金属占有率也比较高,分别为13.86%和14.86%,合计达28.72%,新型盘式流膜选矿机对该部分锡石的回收率不高,这也是影响本实验锡粗精矿回收率的一个主要因素,所以建议现场生产中在盘式选矿机作业前增加分级作业。
针对该细泥锡尾矿的特性,通过实验确定了比较合理的技术参数：重锤回旋振动频率311转／分、分选盘面的转动速度4分／转、给矿浓度20%、给矿量7吨／天。利用新型盘式流膜选矿机经过一次选别可以得到品位为1.34%,回收率为46.97%的锡粗精矿,这是目前同类细泥重选设备很难达到的。
China is one of the ancient civilized countries that produce and use tin firstly. At the beginning of 20th century, the introduction of western technology in China opened the prelude of the modern industry of tin. After the 1950s, tin industry developed rapidly, and China has gradually led the head in the production and consumption of tin in the world. As the basic materials of modern industry, the application range of tin is becoming wider and wider. However, with the exploitation for many years, the available tin resources are fewer and fewer, and the grade is lower as well. Therefore, it is significant to recover tin from tailings accumulated for many years.
The manufacture of fine gravity separators has always been the focus of development of mineral processing equipments. The new disc flow film separator is a fine gravity separator which has the broadest application prospect. It has right structure, high efficiency, low energy consumption and it is easy to achieve large-scale through a large number of investigations and studies, summarizing and analyzing according to the problems at present. This paper mainly studied its index and stability by researching the fine tin tailings in Fenghuang mountain mine, Huaxi Group, in order to provide a scientific basis for the transformation.
The grade of sample is 0.18%. Tin is mainly in the fraction range of 0.074-0.019mm by analyzing the run of mine, and its occupation ratio is 56.60%. This part can be recovered with a high efficiency by the new disc flow film separator. However, the metal occupation ratio of +0.10mm and -0.01mm fraction is higher,13.86% and 14.86% respectively and 28.72% totally. The recovery of the new disc flow film separator is lower in this part, which is a main factor affecting the recovery of tin concentrate of this experiment. Therefore, classification is proposed to be increased before the disc separator in the site.
According to the feature of fine tin tailings, the rational technical parameters by experiments are determined as follows. The whirling vibration frequency of weights is 311 r/min. The rotating speed of separation disk is 4 min/r. The density of feed is 20%, and the weight of feed is 7 t/d. The grade of the rough tin concentrate is 1.34% and the recovery is 46.97% by separating once using the new disc flow film separator, which is hard for other similar fine gravity equipments at present.
引文
[1]黄位森.锡[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2000
[2]Barry B T K, Thwaites C J. Tin and its alloys and compounds. Chichester:Ellis Horwood Limited,1983:268
[3]王建邦译.锡的性质及用途[J].国外锡工业,1980(3)：64-68
[4]World tin smelting survey. Tin International,1985,58(6):83-91,112
[5]王忠,黄浩译.九十年代锡的新用途[J].国外锡工业,1995,23(3)：46-52
[6]柯索夫,奥斯特罗明茨基.锡[M].北京：地质出版社,1954
[7]王璞,潘兆橹,翁玲宝.系统矿物学(上)[M].北京：地质出版社,1982
[8]Taylor R G. Geology of tin deposits. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979:534. Developments in Economic Geology 11
[9]Wright P A. Extractive metallurgy of tin.2nd Rev. ed. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Company,1982:329
[10]冶金工业部西南冶金地质勘探公司.个旧锡矿地质[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1984
[11]中国有色金属工业总公司广西地质勘察局.广西锡矿[M].北京：地质出版社,1993
[12]续固.初论中国锡矿的地质特征及其分布[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1986
[13]中国地质矿产信息研究院.中国矿产[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,1993
[14]许时.矿石可选性研究[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1981
[15]锡的选矿编写组.锡的选矿[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1978
[16]选矿手册编辑委员会.选矿手册第八卷第二分册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1990
[17]冶金工业部昆明有色冶金设计研究院.国外锡选矿概论[M].冶金工业部昆明有色冶金设计研究院,1981
[18]范象波.重力选矿的回顾和展望[J].国外金属矿选矿,1991(7、8)：21-26
[19]恒川昌美.湿式重选技术的研究进展[J].国外金属矿选矿,2006(5)：4-10
[20]云南锡业公司.中国锡选矿厂[M].中国选矿科技情报网,1985
[21]李值民,吴德安,潘和镛等编.国外锡选矿厂[M].中国选矿科技情报网,1984
[22]凌竞宏.国外离心选矿机的发展与应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,1998(5)：21-26
[23]云锡中心试验所情报室译.用巴特莱-莫茨莱翻床重力选别细粒矿石的进展[J].有色金属选矿情报(重磁选设备专辑),1982：131-136
[24]Player G D. Operation and applications of fine-partical gravity separation equipment. In:Jones M J, Gill Ped. Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. London:The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1984:245-252
[25]孙玉波.用重选设备处理细粒和微细粒矿石的进展[J].矿山技术,1988(3)：21-26
[26]毛玉英,赵桂仙.巴特莱横流皮带选矿机选别云锡公司泥矿的实验[J].云南冶金(科学技术版),1987(2)：40-43
[27]昆明冶金研究所选矿室.锡石浮选工艺研究[J].云南冶金,1974(2)：6-19
[28]刘新灿.云锡矿石的锡石浮选[J].云南冶金(科学技术版),1991(1)：27-30
[29]田忠诚,见百熙,王孝愈.混合甲苯胂酸对锡石捕收性能和锡矿泥浮选的研究[J].有色金属,1964(9)：10-15
[30]何娟姿,刘孟星,李殖民.国外锡选矿现状和选矿技术的发展[J].云锡技术,1984(3)：26-33
[31]Tian Zhongcheng, Wu Zhendong. Production practice of fine cassiterite flotation. In:Jones M J, Gill Ped. Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. London:The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1984:743-750
[32]田忠诚.锡石浮选[M].冶金工业出版社,1990
[33]选矿手册编辑委员会.选矿手册第三卷第一分册[M].冶金工业出版社,1993
[34]蒙德荣,谢科元,李值民等.锡矿泥重选新工艺[J].云锡科技,1994,21(2)：5-12
[35]倪桐材.锡矿泥处理[J].有色金属,1964(2)：11-16
[36]孙玉波.重力选矿(修订版)[M].冶金工业出版社,1993
[37]孙玉波.细粒重选设备研制中的理论问题[J].金属矿山(增刊),2002(9)：58-65
[38]于开平,魏镜弢,张文彬.细粒重选设备开发研究探讨[J].云南冶金,2001(6)：10-12
[39]文书明.国内外重选设备的进展[J].国外金属矿选矿,1998(4)：46-48、7
[40]黎全.SL射流离心选矿机工业应用研究新进展[J].大厂科技,1993(4)：15-21
[41]许德名.振动和平面回旋运动对细粒床层分层的影响[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1991(6)：21-23、14
[42]李国彦.颗粒群的分散压与流膜选矿机理[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1998(8)：40-46
[43]范象波,佟庆理.拜格诺力在流膜选别设备中的应用[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1982(1)：33-38
[44]潘国柱.流膜原理及其工艺的有关问题[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1976(1)：33-39
[2]Barry B T K, Thwaites C J. Tin and its alloys and compounds. Chichester:Ellis Horwood Limited,1983:268
[3]王建邦译.锡的性质及用途[J].国外锡工业,1980(3)：64-68
[4]World tin smelting survey. Tin International,1985,58(6):83-91,112
[5]王忠,黄浩译.九十年代锡的新用途[J].国外锡工业,1995,23(3)：46-52
[6]柯索夫,奥斯特罗明茨基.锡[M].北京：地质出版社,1954
[7]王璞,潘兆橹,翁玲宝.系统矿物学(上)[M].北京：地质出版社,1982
[8]Taylor R G. Geology of tin deposits. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979:534. Developments in Economic Geology 11
[9]Wright P A. Extractive metallurgy of tin.2nd Rev. ed. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Company,1982:329
[10]冶金工业部西南冶金地质勘探公司.个旧锡矿地质[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1984
[11]中国有色金属工业总公司广西地质勘察局.广西锡矿[M].北京：地质出版社,1993
[12]续固.初论中国锡矿的地质特征及其分布[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1986
[13]中国地质矿产信息研究院.中国矿产[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,1993
[14]许时.矿石可选性研究[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1981
[15]锡的选矿编写组.锡的选矿[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1978
[16]选矿手册编辑委员会.选矿手册第八卷第二分册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1990
[17]冶金工业部昆明有色冶金设计研究院.国外锡选矿概论[M].冶金工业部昆明有色冶金设计研究院,1981
[18]范象波.重力选矿的回顾和展望[J].国外金属矿选矿,1991(7、8)：21-26
[19]恒川昌美.湿式重选技术的研究进展[J].国外金属矿选矿,2006(5)：4-10
[20]云南锡业公司.中国锡选矿厂[M].中国选矿科技情报网,1985
[21]李值民,吴德安,潘和镛等编.国外锡选矿厂[M].中国选矿科技情报网,1984
[22]凌竞宏.国外离心选矿机的发展与应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,1998(5)：21-26
[23]云锡中心试验所情报室译.用巴特莱-莫茨莱翻床重力选别细粒矿石的进展[J].有色金属选矿情报(重磁选设备专辑),1982：131-136
[24]Player G D. Operation and applications of fine-partical gravity separation equipment. In:Jones M J, Gill Ped. Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. London:The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1984:245-252
[25]孙玉波.用重选设备处理细粒和微细粒矿石的进展[J].矿山技术,1988(3)：21-26
[26]毛玉英,赵桂仙.巴特莱横流皮带选矿机选别云锡公司泥矿的实验[J].云南冶金(科学技术版),1987(2)：40-43
[27]昆明冶金研究所选矿室.锡石浮选工艺研究[J].云南冶金,1974(2)：6-19
[28]刘新灿.云锡矿石的锡石浮选[J].云南冶金(科学技术版),1991(1)：27-30
[29]田忠诚,见百熙,王孝愈.混合甲苯胂酸对锡石捕收性能和锡矿泥浮选的研究[J].有色金属,1964(9)：10-15
[30]何娟姿,刘孟星,李殖民.国外锡选矿现状和选矿技术的发展[J].云锡技术,1984(3)：26-33
[31]Tian Zhongcheng, Wu Zhendong. Production practice of fine cassiterite flotation. In:Jones M J, Gill Ped. Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. London:The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1984:743-750
[32]田忠诚.锡石浮选[M].冶金工业出版社,1990
[33]选矿手册编辑委员会.选矿手册第三卷第一分册[M].冶金工业出版社,1993
[34]蒙德荣,谢科元,李值民等.锡矿泥重选新工艺[J].云锡科技,1994,21(2)：5-12
[35]倪桐材.锡矿泥处理[J].有色金属,1964(2)：11-16
[36]孙玉波.重力选矿(修订版)[M].冶金工业出版社,1993
[37]孙玉波.细粒重选设备研制中的理论问题[J].金属矿山(增刊),2002(9)：58-65
[38]于开平,魏镜弢,张文彬.细粒重选设备开发研究探讨[J].云南冶金,2001(6)：10-12
[39]文书明.国内外重选设备的进展[J].国外金属矿选矿,1998(4)：46-48、7
[40]黎全.SL射流离心选矿机工业应用研究新进展[J].大厂科技,1993(4)：15-21
[41]许德名.振动和平面回旋运动对细粒床层分层的影响[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1991(6)：21-23、14
[42]李国彦.颗粒群的分散压与流膜选矿机理[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1998(8)：40-46
[43]范象波,佟庆理.拜格诺力在流膜选别设备中的应用[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1982(1)：33-38
[44]潘国柱.流膜原理及其工艺的有关问题[J].有色金属(选矿部分),1976(1)：33-39