震后公路路基安全性检测评估与修复加固技术研究
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摘要
公路是地震发生后救援人员、抗灾物质运输与人员疏散的通道,是生死攸关的抗震生命线。汶川和玉树地震发生后,我国对震后公路的安全性检测评估及修复重建技术极为重视。
从论文要求和工程实际出发,本文着重阐述了以下内容:第一,公路路基震害类型、特征,在此基础上对其破坏机理和影响因素进行分析;第二,选用路基主体震害、边坡震害、支挡结构震害三个评价指标,建立相应的分级与评分方案,采用简便易行的单项加权计分与加权平均相结合的方法对路基震害状况进行快速分级;第三,选用路基破坏状况、路基结构特征(高度、坡率)、余震强度、地形地貌特征、降雨强度等5个指标,将模糊层次综合评判法引入震后路基的综合安全性评价;第四,建立震后开裂路基力学分析模型,通过一些基本假设,采用极限平衡法进行裂缝对路基安全稳定性影响的分析;第五,以震后路基破坏状况及安全性评价为依据,同时考虑震后各阶段对道路运输的不同需求,对震害路基的修复措施进行探讨。
本文所获得的成果,对震后公路路基检测评估及修复加固,具有积极的理论意义和工程价值。
Road is of the channel for rescue workers, disaster material and personnel evacuation, is a vital lifeline for relief after earthquake. After the Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquake, our country attaches great importance to the seismic damage detection and repair technology of highway.
From the requirements of the paper and engineering practice, The main purpose of this paper focuses on the following: First, the highway subgrade seismic damage types, characteristics, on this basis to its failure mechanism and influence factors analysis; Second,the paper explore to make the rapid grading assessment of subgrade seismic damage by combination the Simple accurate Weighted Average Method and the Single Qualitative Weighted Score Method.who use the main subgrade seismic damage, slope seismic damage, retaining structure seismic damage as evaluation indexes; Third, selection the subgrade damage state, structural characteristics of subgrade(height, slope ratio), aftershock strength, terrain features, rainfall intensity as five ssessment indexs, the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method introduced the comprehensive security assessment of post-earthquake subgrade; Fourth, establish the post-earthquake mechanical model of subgrade, through some basic assumptions, use the Limit Equilibrium Method analysis subgrade’s stability; Fifth, take the situation of seismic damaged and safety evaluation of highway subgrade as the basis, taking into account the different needs of road transport on various stages after the earthquake, the highway subgrade damage repair measures were discussed.
The results obtained in this paper, on detection of post-earthquake evaluation and repair of subgrade repair theory have positive value of the works.
从论文要求和工程实际出发,本文着重阐述了以下内容:第一,公路路基震害类型、特征,在此基础上对其破坏机理和影响因素进行分析;第二,选用路基主体震害、边坡震害、支挡结构震害三个评价指标,建立相应的分级与评分方案,采用简便易行的单项加权计分与加权平均相结合的方法对路基震害状况进行快速分级;第三,选用路基破坏状况、路基结构特征(高度、坡率)、余震强度、地形地貌特征、降雨强度等5个指标,将模糊层次综合评判法引入震后路基的综合安全性评价;第四,建立震后开裂路基力学分析模型,通过一些基本假设,采用极限平衡法进行裂缝对路基安全稳定性影响的分析;第五,以震后路基破坏状况及安全性评价为依据,同时考虑震后各阶段对道路运输的不同需求,对震害路基的修复措施进行探讨。
本文所获得的成果,对震后公路路基检测评估及修复加固,具有积极的理论意义和工程价值。
Road is of the channel for rescue workers, disaster material and personnel evacuation, is a vital lifeline for relief after earthquake. After the Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquake, our country attaches great importance to the seismic damage detection and repair technology of highway.
From the requirements of the paper and engineering practice, The main purpose of this paper focuses on the following: First, the highway subgrade seismic damage types, characteristics, on this basis to its failure mechanism and influence factors analysis; Second,the paper explore to make the rapid grading assessment of subgrade seismic damage by combination the Simple accurate Weighted Average Method and the Single Qualitative Weighted Score Method.who use the main subgrade seismic damage, slope seismic damage, retaining structure seismic damage as evaluation indexes; Third, selection the subgrade damage state, structural characteristics of subgrade(height, slope ratio), aftershock strength, terrain features, rainfall intensity as five ssessment indexs, the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method introduced the comprehensive security assessment of post-earthquake subgrade; Fourth, establish the post-earthquake mechanical model of subgrade, through some basic assumptions, use the Limit Equilibrium Method analysis subgrade’s stability; Fifth, take the situation of seismic damaged and safety evaluation of highway subgrade as the basis, taking into account the different needs of road transport on various stages after the earthquake, the highway subgrade damage repair measures were discussed.
The results obtained in this paper, on detection of post-earthquake evaluation and repair of subgrade repair theory have positive value of the works.
引文
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[9]Koseki Junichi, Wada Tetsuya Sasaki Nichiro, Hida Junichi, Endo Masaki, Tsutsumi Yukika.Damage to earth structures for national highways by the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuestu Earthquake[J],Soils and Foundations,v46,n6,p739-750,2006.
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[22]余晓.基于RS与GPS的汶川地震路基路面震害损毁调查——以都汶公路为例[J].山东国土资源,Vol 26,No.9,P37-42,2010.
[23]胡德贵,吉随旺,贺智功,汪军.浅谈“5.12”汶川大地震造成的公路次生灾害[J].西南公路,2008.
[24]杨中,王玮,王彩芬,黄小刚,燕晋宁.基于GIS的道路震害损毁评估方法研究与实现[J].科技情报开发与经济,Vol 20,No.26,P164-166,2010.
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[26]张建经,冯君,肖世国,刘昌清.支挡结构抗震设计的2个关键技术问题[J].西南交通大学学报,Vol 44,No.3,P321-326,2009.
[27]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,Vol 44,No.3,P301-311,2009.
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[35]Kiremidjian Anne,Moore James,Fan Yue Yue,Yazlali Ozgur,Basoz Nesrin,Williams Meredith.Seismic risk assessment of transportation network systems[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,v11,n3,p371-382,May 2007.
[36]Edwards Curtis,Yashinsky Mark,Byers William.Highways and railroads[J].EarthquakeSpectra,January 2003.
[37]中华人民共和国国家标准.《地震现场工作第三部分:调查规范》(GB/T18208.3-2000)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[38]国家地震局.地震灾害损失评估规定(试行)[S].北京:国家地震局,1997.
[39]肖盛燮,王平义,吕恩琳编著.模糊数学在土木与水利工程中的应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[40]金理强,金美海.基于模糊理论的路基边坡优化设计[J].山西建筑,Vol.32,No.17,2006.
[41]付兵先,唐飞,李天降.AHP及模糊综合评判法在路基长期稳定性评价中的应用[J].岩土工程技术,Vol.19,No.6,2005.
[42]邓志海.广(州)乐(昌)高速公路坪石至樟市段边坡稳定性预测评估[J].建材应用与技术,2010年第8期.
[43]张剑,王火明,魏强.多层次模糊综合评判法在公路边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].建筑科技与管理,p6-7,2010年6月.
[44]中华人民共和国交通运输部标准.公路路基设计规范(JTG D30-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[45]许树柏.层次分析原理[M].天津大学出版社,1988.
[46]李慧.地震荷载作用下多年冻土区斜坡路堤稳定性分析[D].北京:北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[47](美)Yang H.Huang著,包承刚,王清友,宋昆仑,涂帆译.土坡稳定分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[48]Yashinsk Mark.Repairing highways after earthquakes[J].Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph,n16,p21-30,Aug 1999.
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[53]交通运输部.汶川地震灾后公路恢复重建技术指南[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[2]中国地震网.http://www.ceic.ac.cn/AdvSearchHandler.历史地震查询[DB/OL],2010,12.
[3]陈乐生.汶川地震公路震害与分类[C].成都:交通基础设施抗震减灾技术研讨会,2010,6.
[4]张忠华.一切为了灾区一切服务灾区[DB/OL].[2010-04-10].http://www.moc.gov.cn/ zhuantizhuanlan/qita/yushudizhen/tupianbaodao/201004/t20100419_676551.html.
[5]赵成刚,冯启民等编著.生命线地震工程[M].北京:地震出版社,1994.
[6]Dellow G.D.,Ali Q.,Ali S. M.,Hussain S.,Khazai B.,Nisar A..Preliminary reconnaissance report for the Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005[J],Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,v40,n1,p18-24,March 2007.
[7]戴红鹰.临沧地区公路与桥梁震害初步分析[A].云南澜沧—耿马地震震害论文集[C],1991.
[8]张荻薇,王昭烈.震后桥梁之诊断与震灾复旧.台北:1999.
[9]Koseki Junichi, Wada Tetsuya Sasaki Nichiro, Hida Junichi, Endo Masaki, Tsutsumi Yukika.Damage to earth structures for national highways by the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuestu Earthquake[J],Soils and Foundations,v46,n6,p739-750,2006.
[10]台湾地震工程研究中心.九二一大地震震灾调查总结报告.台北:1999.
[11]Scawthorn C.,Khater M.,Rojahn C.Lifeline seismic risk analysis impacts of a catastrophic earthquake on U.S. national lifeline systems.Proc 3 US Conf Lifeline Earthquake,p725-736,1991.
[12]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路工程抗震设计规范(JTJ004-89)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[13]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路工程质量检验评定标准(JTJ071-94)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
[14]Shinozuka Masanobu,Feng Maria Qing,Dong Xuejiang,Uzawa Tetsushi,Ueda Takayuki. Damage assessment of a highway network under scenario earthquakes for emergency response decision support[J].Roceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,vol 3988,p264-275,2000.
[15]Buckle Ian G.. , Friedland Ian M. . Seismic research program for highway construction[C].Proceedings of the Structures Congress,1994.
[16]FHWA(1994),Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges,FHWA-RD-94-052, US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration,1995.
[17]Hoshiya M.,Ogasawara Y.Earthquake risk analysis of transporation network and their optimum urgent planning[C].Proceeding of the Second South Pacific Regional Conference Off Earthquake,Vol 1,1977.
[18]Tokida Ken-Ichi,Oda Kazuhiro,Nabeshima Yasuyuki,Egawa Yusuke.Damage level of road infrastructure and road traffic performance in the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake of 2004[J],Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering,v24,n1,p51-61,2007.
[19]彭文韬,林均岐,方晓庆.路段的地震破坏评估方法研究[J].世界地震工程,Vol.24,No.2,2008.
[20]陈一平,陈欣.公路路基路面的震害预测[J].工程抗震,No.3,P40-45,1993.
[21]赵宜宾,王艳萍,刘文堂,牛永君,黄猛,赵永安.基于模糊综合评价的道路震害预测评估方法[J].世界地震工程,Vol.26,No.3,P139-144,2010.
[22]余晓.基于RS与GPS的汶川地震路基路面震害损毁调查——以都汶公路为例[J].山东国土资源,Vol 26,No.9,P37-42,2010.
[23]胡德贵,吉随旺,贺智功,汪军.浅谈“5.12”汶川大地震造成的公路次生灾害[J].西南公路,2008.
[24]杨中,王玮,王彩芬,黄小刚,燕晋宁.基于GIS的道路震害损毁评估方法研究与实现[J].科技情报开发与经济,Vol 20,No.26,P164-166,2010.
[25]交通运输部.汶川地震灾后公路工程恢复重建技术指南[S].北京:2008,9.
[26]张建经,冯君,肖世国,刘昌清.支挡结构抗震设计的2个关键技术问题[J].西南交通大学学报,Vol 44,No.3,P321-326,2009.
[27]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,Vol 44,No.3,P301-311,2009.
[28]向波,李勇.汶川大地震震中生命线路基工程保通处治简述[J].西南公路,2008.
[29]交通部西部交通建设科技项目管理中心.震后交通基础设施重建技术系列指南.2010.
[30]卫宏,王兰生编著.川西山区公路边坡地质灾害研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[31]中华人民共和国铁道部标准.铁路路基病害分类及评定(TB/T2818-1997)[S].北京:中国铁出版社,1998.
[32]刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(第三分册)[M].北京:地震出版社,1986,05.
[33]张克绪,谢君斐.土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1983.
[34]Shamsher Prakash.Soil Dynamics[M].Mc Graw-Hill Company,1981.
[35]Kiremidjian Anne,Moore James,Fan Yue Yue,Yazlali Ozgur,Basoz Nesrin,Williams Meredith.Seismic risk assessment of transportation network systems[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,v11,n3,p371-382,May 2007.
[36]Edwards Curtis,Yashinsky Mark,Byers William.Highways and railroads[J].EarthquakeSpectra,January 2003.
[37]中华人民共和国国家标准.《地震现场工作第三部分:调查规范》(GB/T18208.3-2000)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[38]国家地震局.地震灾害损失评估规定(试行)[S].北京:国家地震局,1997.
[39]肖盛燮,王平义,吕恩琳编著.模糊数学在土木与水利工程中的应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[40]金理强,金美海.基于模糊理论的路基边坡优化设计[J].山西建筑,Vol.32,No.17,2006.
[41]付兵先,唐飞,李天降.AHP及模糊综合评判法在路基长期稳定性评价中的应用[J].岩土工程技术,Vol.19,No.6,2005.
[42]邓志海.广(州)乐(昌)高速公路坪石至樟市段边坡稳定性预测评估[J].建材应用与技术,2010年第8期.
[43]张剑,王火明,魏强.多层次模糊综合评判法在公路边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].建筑科技与管理,p6-7,2010年6月.
[44]中华人民共和国交通运输部标准.公路路基设计规范(JTG D30-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[45]许树柏.层次分析原理[M].天津大学出版社,1988.
[46]李慧.地震荷载作用下多年冻土区斜坡路堤稳定性分析[D].北京:北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
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