南京雨花台区主要绿化树种滞尘能力与绿地花境建设
摘要
雨花台区生态环境状况良好，森林大部分集中在秦淮新河以南地区，森林覆盖率较高，但颜色单调，各类绿地花量不足，花色不显著，而且布局不够合理，缺乏科学的整体规划。雨花台区交通区位优势明显，但由于道路的分隔和车辆产生的影响，为全区生态环境建设带来困扰。本文研究了南京雨花台区主要绿化树种滞尘能力及绿地花境建设，旨在为雨花台区绿化树种的选择及绿地花境建设提供理论依据。研究结果如下：
1综合滞尘能力
滞尘能力强的有红叶李Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp、夹竹桃Nerium indicum Mill、狭叶十大功劳Maonia forunei、枫香Liquidambar styraciflua L.等；广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora Linn、鸡爪槭Acer palmatum Thunb、杨树Populus、刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、樱花Cerasus serrulata、三角枫Acer buergerlanum、枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.、桃树Prunus persica、二球悬铃木Platanus hispanica、银杏Ginkgo biloba等滞尘能力弱。
2不同季节滞尘能力
女贞Ligustrum、海桐Pittosporum tobira、珊瑚树Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl、金叶女贞Ligustrum Vicaryi、瓜子黄杨Euonymus japonicus、八角金盘Fatsia japonica、二球悬铃木Platanus hispanica、红叶李Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp一年之中，夏季的滞尘量最低，春天和秋天的滞尘量相对较高，冬天达到滞尘量的最大值。
金叶女贞的四季的滞尘量分别是0.3060mg／cm~2、0.0324mg／cm~2、0.9078mg／cm~2、103.8395mg／cm~2。冬季滞尘量较夏季显著增加。
3 4种绿化树种累积滞尘能力
4种树木(红叶李、香樟Cinnamonum camphora、大叶黄杨Euonymus japonicus Thunb.、银杏)的第1周(雨后)的滞尘量对其总滞尘量的贡献最大，红叶李第1周的滞尘量占3周总和的47.10％、香樟占51.48％、大叶黄杨占46.83％、银杏占65.36％等。累积滞尘能力：红叶李＞银杏＞大叶黄杨＞香樟。
4雨花区绿地花境建设布局结构模式
充分考虑现有绿地布局，从生态效益和景观效益出发，以其绿地系统为载体，形成点线面相结合的绿化、美化、香化布局结构，筛选出多种植物作为绿地花境建设的材料，初步建成雨花台区花境系统的骨架，改善雨花台区生态环境，提高全区花量。
具体的布局结构为：“一廊、二带、三片、若干点”。
5绿地花境建设
雨花区绿地花境建设规划可分为：附属绿地花境建设规划、防护绿地花境建设规划、道路防护绿地花境建设规划、工业防护绿地花境建设规划、生产绿地花境建设规划、河道防护绿地花境建设规划、其他绿地花境建设规划等七类。针对不同绿地化境建设现状，提出了相应的具体规划措施。
Ecological environment of Yuhautai area is in order, forest coverage is higher and centralize in the southof Qinhuan river. However, there are many problems of this area such as monotony of forest color, shortageof the flower's quantity, no-markedness of design and color, and the layout is not in enough. Predominance ofYuhautai area's traffic section is in evidence, but the influence of the compartmentation of the road andvehicle brought puzzle for the construction of whole area's ecological environment. Ability of the mostvirescence plants' dust blocking and flower borders' construction was researched in order to providetheoretical gist for the choice of greenbelt plants and the construction of the flower borders of Yuhautai area.The results were shown as follows:
1 Ability of synthesis dust blocking
The dust blocking's ability of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp, Nerium indicum Mill,Maonia forunei, Liquidambar styraciflua L was highest. Magnolia grandiflora Linn, Acer palmatum Thunb,Populus, Robinia pseudoacacia, Cerasus serrulata,Aeer buergerlanum, Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC, Prunuspersica, Platanus hispanica, Ginkgo biloba's ability of dust blocking was lowest.
2 Ability of dust blocking in different seasons
Eight trees' ability of dust blocking in different seasons was researched which was Ligustrum,Pittosporurn tobit, Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl, Ligustrum Vicaryi, Euonymus japonicus, Fatsiajaponica, Platanus hispanica, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp. The quantity of dust blockingwas maximum in winter, which was minimum in summer.
The quantity dust blocking of Ligustrum Vicaryi in four seasons were 0.0324rag/cm~2, 0.3060mg/cm~2,0.9078mg/cm~2, 103.8395mg/cm~2. The quantity of dust blocking in winter was 3204 times of the spring.
3 Four trees' ability of dust cumulation blocking
The quantity of the four trees (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp, Ginkgo biloba,Cinnamonum camphora, Euonymus japonicus Thunb) was most in the first week after raining. Thepercentage of the four trees' quantity of dust blocking in the first week was 47.10%,51.48%,46.83%,65.36%in the whole of the three weeks. The Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp's ability of dustcumulation blocking was highest, and that of Cinnamonum camphora was lowest.
4 Mode of flower border's frame
On the base of ecology and landscape benefits, the layout of greenbelt was thought over and theconjunction of dot and line's frame of vireseence, prettification, fragrance was formed. Many plants werescreened out as the material of flower border's construction.
ldiographic frame was one corridor, two belts, three patches, some dots.
5 Construction of greenbelt and flower borders
The layout of Yuhuatai area's greenbelt and flower borders' construction was divided into seven kinds,appertain greenbelt and flower borders, fence greenbelt and flower borders, road fence greenbelt and flowerborders, industry fence greenbelt and flower borders, production fence greenbelt and flower borders,watercourse fence greenbelt and flower borders, others fence greenbelt and flower borders and so on. Inallusion to the actuality of different greenbelt and flower borders' construction, the corresponding layoutmeasure was brought out.
1综合滞尘能力
滞尘能力强的有红叶李Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp、夹竹桃Nerium indicum Mill、狭叶十大功劳Maonia forunei、枫香Liquidambar styraciflua L.等；广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora Linn、鸡爪槭Acer palmatum Thunb、杨树Populus、刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、樱花Cerasus serrulata、三角枫Acer buergerlanum、枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.、桃树Prunus persica、二球悬铃木Platanus hispanica、银杏Ginkgo biloba等滞尘能力弱。
2不同季节滞尘能力
女贞Ligustrum、海桐Pittosporum tobira、珊瑚树Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl、金叶女贞Ligustrum Vicaryi、瓜子黄杨Euonymus japonicus、八角金盘Fatsia japonica、二球悬铃木Platanus hispanica、红叶李Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp一年之中，夏季的滞尘量最低，春天和秋天的滞尘量相对较高，冬天达到滞尘量的最大值。
金叶女贞的四季的滞尘量分别是0.3060mg／cm~2、0.0324mg／cm~2、0.9078mg／cm~2、103.8395mg／cm~2。冬季滞尘量较夏季显著增加。
3 4种绿化树种累积滞尘能力
4种树木(红叶李、香樟Cinnamonum camphora、大叶黄杨Euonymus japonicus Thunb.、银杏)的第1周(雨后)的滞尘量对其总滞尘量的贡献最大，红叶李第1周的滞尘量占3周总和的47.10％、香樟占51.48％、大叶黄杨占46.83％、银杏占65.36％等。累积滞尘能力：红叶李＞银杏＞大叶黄杨＞香樟。
4雨花区绿地花境建设布局结构模式
充分考虑现有绿地布局，从生态效益和景观效益出发，以其绿地系统为载体，形成点线面相结合的绿化、美化、香化布局结构，筛选出多种植物作为绿地花境建设的材料，初步建成雨花台区花境系统的骨架，改善雨花台区生态环境，提高全区花量。
具体的布局结构为：“一廊、二带、三片、若干点”。
5绿地花境建设
雨花区绿地花境建设规划可分为：附属绿地花境建设规划、防护绿地花境建设规划、道路防护绿地花境建设规划、工业防护绿地花境建设规划、生产绿地花境建设规划、河道防护绿地花境建设规划、其他绿地花境建设规划等七类。针对不同绿地化境建设现状，提出了相应的具体规划措施。
Ecological environment of Yuhautai area is in order, forest coverage is higher and centralize in the southof Qinhuan river. However, there are many problems of this area such as monotony of forest color, shortageof the flower's quantity, no-markedness of design and color, and the layout is not in enough. Predominance ofYuhautai area's traffic section is in evidence, but the influence of the compartmentation of the road andvehicle brought puzzle for the construction of whole area's ecological environment. Ability of the mostvirescence plants' dust blocking and flower borders' construction was researched in order to providetheoretical gist for the choice of greenbelt plants and the construction of the flower borders of Yuhautai area.The results were shown as follows:
1 Ability of synthesis dust blocking
The dust blocking's ability of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp, Nerium indicum Mill,Maonia forunei, Liquidambar styraciflua L was highest. Magnolia grandiflora Linn, Acer palmatum Thunb,Populus, Robinia pseudoacacia, Cerasus serrulata,Aeer buergerlanum, Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC, Prunuspersica, Platanus hispanica, Ginkgo biloba's ability of dust blocking was lowest.
2 Ability of dust blocking in different seasons
Eight trees' ability of dust blocking in different seasons was researched which was Ligustrum,Pittosporurn tobit, Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl, Ligustrum Vicaryi, Euonymus japonicus, Fatsiajaponica, Platanus hispanica, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp. The quantity of dust blockingwas maximum in winter, which was minimum in summer.
The quantity dust blocking of Ligustrum Vicaryi in four seasons were 0.0324rag/cm~2, 0.3060mg/cm~2,0.9078mg/cm~2, 103.8395mg/cm~2. The quantity of dust blocking in winter was 3204 times of the spring.
3 Four trees' ability of dust cumulation blocking
The quantity of the four trees (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp, Ginkgo biloba,Cinnamonum camphora, Euonymus japonicus Thunb) was most in the first week after raining. Thepercentage of the four trees' quantity of dust blocking in the first week was 47.10%,51.48%,46.83%,65.36%in the whole of the three weeks. The Prunus cerasifera Ehrh f. atropurpurea Jacp's ability of dustcumulation blocking was highest, and that of Cinnamonum camphora was lowest.
4 Mode of flower border's frame
On the base of ecology and landscape benefits, the layout of greenbelt was thought over and theconjunction of dot and line's frame of vireseence, prettification, fragrance was formed. Many plants werescreened out as the material of flower border's construction.
ldiographic frame was one corridor, two belts, three patches, some dots.
5 Construction of greenbelt and flower borders
The layout of Yuhuatai area's greenbelt and flower borders' construction was divided into seven kinds,appertain greenbelt and flower borders, fence greenbelt and flower borders, road fence greenbelt and flowerborders, industry fence greenbelt and flower borders, production fence greenbelt and flower borders,watercourse fence greenbelt and flower borders, others fence greenbelt and flower borders and so on. Inallusion to the actuality of different greenbelt and flower borders' construction, the corresponding layoutmeasure was brought out.
引文
[1] 迈入新世纪谱写新篇章——南京市“十五”计划汇编．南京：南京市发展计划委员会．南京出版社，2001
[2] 南京市雨花台区地方志编纂委员会．雨花年鉴．南京：方志出版社，2004
[3] 同济大学，重庆建筑：J：程学院，武汉城建学院．城市园林绿地规划．北京：中国建筑T业出版社，2002
[4] 千浩，汪辉，李崇富，张文．城市绿地景观体系规划初探．南京林业大!学!学报(人文社会科学版)，2003(3)
[5] 苏雪痕．植物造景．北京：中国林业山版社，2004
[6] 于浩．生态园林城市与绿地系统规划．北京：中国林业出版社，2003
[7] 王浩．农业观光同规划与经营．北京：中国林业出版社，2003
[8] 芦建国，丁彦芬等．花卉学．南京：东大出版社，2004
[9] 陈有民．园林树术学．北京：中国林业出版社，2001
[10] 黄晓鸾等．城市生存环境绿色量群值的研究(1-6)．中国园林，1998，14(1-6)
[11] 贾春等．南京市园林绿化树种的组成特色浅析．江苏林业科技．2003，30(5)：24-28
[12] William H. Smith. Air pollution and Forests -Interaction between contaminants and Forests Ecosystem. New York:Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1981
[13] 李树人．森林与环境保护．北京：中国林业出版社
[14] Grimstone AV. 1976. The pollution and the energy ladder in Asian cities. Energy, 19(5):587
[15] 单运峰．酸雨、大气污染与植物．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1994
[16] 廖志琴．叶片的气孔结构和树木吸收大气污染能力的关系．成都环保，1984，4(2)：29-34
[17] 孔国辉等．大气污染与植物．北京：中国林业出版社，1988
[18] Litter, P.1977. Deposition of 2.75, 5.0 and 8.5 um particles to plant soil surfaces. Environ. Pollut.12:293-305 [40]Wedding, J. B., R. W. Carlson, J. J. Stukel, and F. A. Bazzaz.1975. Aerosol deposition on plant leaves. Environ. Sci. Tech.9:151-153
[19] W．J．曼宁 & W．A．费得尔．大气污染的植物监测．北京：中国环境科学出版社，95-100
[20] 柴一新等．城市绿化树种的滞尘效应—以哈尔滨市为例．应用生态学报，2002，13(9)：1121～1126
[21] 张秀梅等．城市污染环境中适生树种滞尘能力研究．环境科学动态，2002(2)：27-30
[22] 江苏省植物研究所．城市绿化与植物保护．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1977．62．
[23] 鲁敏等．部分园林植物对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究．山东建筑工程学院学报，2002，17(2)：45-49
[24] 张云峰等．城市环境保护——太原市环境污染与防治植物．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1992：p18-20
[25] Roberts, B. R., and C. R. Krause. 1976. Changes in ambient SO2 by rhododendron and pyracantha. Environ. Pollut.7:133-140
[26] 只木良也等著．人与森林．北京：中国林业出版社，1992，p254
[27] 鲁敏．绿化树种对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究．城市环境与城市生态，2002，7，p8
[28] 罗红艳等 绿化树种对大气SO2的净化作用．北京林业大学学报，2000，22(1)
[29] 垰田宏．环境污染与指示植物．北京：科学出版社，1984，p66
[30] 林波等．中国西部亚高山针叶林凋落物的生态功能．世界科技研究与发展．2001，23(5)，49-54
[31] 常宗强等．祁连山水源涵养林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能．西北林学院学报 2001，16(增)：8～13
[32] 张笃见等．浙江天童常绿阔叶林地被层的研究，植物生态学报，1999，23(6)：544-556
[33] 杨立文等．太行山主要植被枯枝落叶层的水文作用．林业科学研究，1997，10(3)，283-288．
[34] 阮宏华等，1989，阮宏华等．空青山次生栎林营养元素的含量及分布．姜志林主编．下蜀森林生态系统定位研究论文集．北京：中国林业出版社，1992，56-65
[2] 南京市雨花台区地方志编纂委员会．雨花年鉴．南京：方志出版社，2004
[3] 同济大学，重庆建筑：J：程学院，武汉城建学院．城市园林绿地规划．北京：中国建筑T业出版社，2002
[4] 千浩，汪辉，李崇富，张文．城市绿地景观体系规划初探．南京林业大!学!学报(人文社会科学版)，2003(3)
[5] 苏雪痕．植物造景．北京：中国林业山版社，2004
[6] 于浩．生态园林城市与绿地系统规划．北京：中国林业出版社，2003
[7] 王浩．农业观光同规划与经营．北京：中国林业出版社，2003
[8] 芦建国，丁彦芬等．花卉学．南京：东大出版社，2004
[9] 陈有民．园林树术学．北京：中国林业出版社，2001
[10] 黄晓鸾等．城市生存环境绿色量群值的研究(1-6)．中国园林，1998，14(1-6)
[11] 贾春等．南京市园林绿化树种的组成特色浅析．江苏林业科技．2003，30(5)：24-28
[12] William H. Smith. Air pollution and Forests -Interaction between contaminants and Forests Ecosystem. New York:Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1981
[13] 李树人．森林与环境保护．北京：中国林业出版社
[14] Grimstone AV. 1976. The pollution and the energy ladder in Asian cities. Energy, 19(5):587
[15] 单运峰．酸雨、大气污染与植物．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1994
[16] 廖志琴．叶片的气孔结构和树木吸收大气污染能力的关系．成都环保，1984，4(2)：29-34
[17] 孔国辉等．大气污染与植物．北京：中国林业出版社，1988
[18] Litter, P.1977. Deposition of 2.75, 5.0 and 8.5 um particles to plant soil surfaces. Environ. Pollut.12:293-305 [40]Wedding, J. B., R. W. Carlson, J. J. Stukel, and F. A. Bazzaz.1975. Aerosol deposition on plant leaves. Environ. Sci. Tech.9:151-153
[19] W．J．曼宁 & W．A．费得尔．大气污染的植物监测．北京：中国环境科学出版社，95-100
[20] 柴一新等．城市绿化树种的滞尘效应—以哈尔滨市为例．应用生态学报，2002，13(9)：1121～1126
[21] 张秀梅等．城市污染环境中适生树种滞尘能力研究．环境科学动态，2002(2)：27-30
[22] 江苏省植物研究所．城市绿化与植物保护．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1977．62．
[23] 鲁敏等．部分园林植物对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究．山东建筑工程学院学报，2002，17(2)：45-49
[24] 张云峰等．城市环境保护——太原市环境污染与防治植物．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1992：p18-20
[25] Roberts, B. R., and C. R. Krause. 1976. Changes in ambient SO2 by rhododendron and pyracantha. Environ. Pollut.7:133-140
[26] 只木良也等著．人与森林．北京：中国林业出版社，1992，p254
[27] 鲁敏．绿化树种对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究．城市环境与城市生态，2002，7，p8
[28] 罗红艳等 绿化树种对大气SO2的净化作用．北京林业大学学报，2000，22(1)
[29] 垰田宏．环境污染与指示植物．北京：科学出版社，1984，p66
[30] 林波等．中国西部亚高山针叶林凋落物的生态功能．世界科技研究与发展．2001，23(5)，49-54
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