激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测物质成分的理论应用分析和实验研究
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摘要
本文从实验和理论上研究了激光诱导击穿光谱的物理机制和应用技术,包括实验条件对光谱测量结果的影响、金属合金以及液体溶液的分析检测方法、自由定标法的理论和应用研究等。
针对激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测精度较差的问题,研究了不同实验条件对激光诱导击穿光谱分析结果的影响。结果表明,激光脉冲能量和探测延迟时间是两个主要影响因素：同时,在时间分辨或空间分辨条件下都可以抑制背景辐射的噪声并获得高信噪比的光谱信号,该结果为提高无门控实验仪器检测精度提供了参考。
就激光诱导击穿光谱在原位分析应用领域研究的不足,提出了采用便携式光纤光谱仪作为探测设备,对镍基高温合金中的元素进行定性和定量分析,并就分析过程中的信噪比和检出限等参数进行了讨论。实验结果表明,该实验方法可以鉴别合金材料的种类,并能够对合金元素的成分含量给出半定量或定量的分析结果,可满足激光诱导击穿光谱技术在原位分析方面的要求。
对激光诱导击穿光谱在分析液体样品时存在液体喷溅、表面波纹干扰、等离子体寿命极短等缺陷导致检测精度不高和灵敏度差的问题,提出了采用吸水纸和竹炭等吸附基体将液体样品转变为固体样品进行分析的方法,因而提高了激光诱导击穿光谱分析的灵敏度和检测精度；同时,该方法对未知样品的检测结果与ICP-AES的测量值吻合,证明该方法对液体样品进行定量分析是可行性的。
针对激光加工金属合金的过程中熔融金属的元素成分发生变化的问题,提出了采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对熔融金属进行检测的方法,并采用无需制备标准样品的自由定标法对合金元素的成分进行定量分析,进而监控金属合金材料性能的变化情况。实验结果表明,激光作用后的镁合金熔融金属中Mg元素浓度降低,且作用激光脉冲宽度越大,Mg元素的浓度越低,该结果也表明激光加工过程中材料的选择性蒸发和气化现象与作用激光的脉冲宽度有关。
本文的研究结果有助于促进激光诱导击穿光谱技术的发展。
In this dissertation, the physical mechanism and application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are investigated in experiment and theory, main content include the influence of experimental conditions and environment parameters, the quantitative analysis of metal alloys and liquid solutions, the application of calibration-free methods in LIBS.
Based on the poor precision and low detection sensitivity of LIBS, the influence of different experimental conditions and environment parameters are investigated. It is found that the laser pulse energy and delay time are the main affecting factors in the LIBS experiment. Moreover, one can reduce the continuum background and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio either in time-resolved or spatial-resolved spectral measurement. This result provides a method to increase the detection precision especially in non-gated CCD spectrometer.
Based on the lack of research for in-situ analysis of LIBS, a portable fiber spectrometer is introduced to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the element concentration in nickel-based superalloys. Then the signal-to-noise ratio and limit of detection are discussed at the same time. The result shows that, this system can correctly identify the different alloys and semi-quantitatively or quantitatively analyze the aluminum concentration in nickel-based superalloys. These experiment results can satisfy the requirements of in-situ analysis by LIBS and can provide references for the future applications.
In terms of the disadvantages such as splashing, surface ripples and quenching effect during the measurements of LIBS for liquid samples, we introduce the adsorbent substrates such as absorbent paper and bamboo charcoal to transform the liquid sample into a solid sample before analysis, which can significantly enhance the detection sensitivity and precision. Moreover, the test results of unknown samples by this method coincide with the ICP-AES values. This method can be beneficial for the application of quantitative analysis of trace metals in liquid solution by using LIBS.
Based on the composition change in metal alloys during the interaction process with long pulsed Nd:YAG laser, we monitor the concentrations of molten metal by using LIBS. Calibration-free methods are introduced for quantitative analysis in this experiment which is no need of standard samples. It is found that the Mg concentration in AZ31magnesium alloy is decreased after the interaction process with long pulsed laser, and the Mg loss increases with increasing the pulse width of the Nd:YAG laser. This result shows that the selective evaporation of material is influenced by the laser pulse width.
The results of all these investigations will facilitate the development of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
针对激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测精度较差的问题,研究了不同实验条件对激光诱导击穿光谱分析结果的影响。结果表明,激光脉冲能量和探测延迟时间是两个主要影响因素：同时,在时间分辨或空间分辨条件下都可以抑制背景辐射的噪声并获得高信噪比的光谱信号,该结果为提高无门控实验仪器检测精度提供了参考。
就激光诱导击穿光谱在原位分析应用领域研究的不足,提出了采用便携式光纤光谱仪作为探测设备,对镍基高温合金中的元素进行定性和定量分析,并就分析过程中的信噪比和检出限等参数进行了讨论。实验结果表明,该实验方法可以鉴别合金材料的种类,并能够对合金元素的成分含量给出半定量或定量的分析结果,可满足激光诱导击穿光谱技术在原位分析方面的要求。
对激光诱导击穿光谱在分析液体样品时存在液体喷溅、表面波纹干扰、等离子体寿命极短等缺陷导致检测精度不高和灵敏度差的问题,提出了采用吸水纸和竹炭等吸附基体将液体样品转变为固体样品进行分析的方法,因而提高了激光诱导击穿光谱分析的灵敏度和检测精度；同时,该方法对未知样品的检测结果与ICP-AES的测量值吻合,证明该方法对液体样品进行定量分析是可行性的。
针对激光加工金属合金的过程中熔融金属的元素成分发生变化的问题,提出了采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对熔融金属进行检测的方法,并采用无需制备标准样品的自由定标法对合金元素的成分进行定量分析,进而监控金属合金材料性能的变化情况。实验结果表明,激光作用后的镁合金熔融金属中Mg元素浓度降低,且作用激光脉冲宽度越大,Mg元素的浓度越低,该结果也表明激光加工过程中材料的选择性蒸发和气化现象与作用激光的脉冲宽度有关。
本文的研究结果有助于促进激光诱导击穿光谱技术的发展。
In this dissertation, the physical mechanism and application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are investigated in experiment and theory, main content include the influence of experimental conditions and environment parameters, the quantitative analysis of metal alloys and liquid solutions, the application of calibration-free methods in LIBS.
Based on the poor precision and low detection sensitivity of LIBS, the influence of different experimental conditions and environment parameters are investigated. It is found that the laser pulse energy and delay time are the main affecting factors in the LIBS experiment. Moreover, one can reduce the continuum background and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio either in time-resolved or spatial-resolved spectral measurement. This result provides a method to increase the detection precision especially in non-gated CCD spectrometer.
Based on the lack of research for in-situ analysis of LIBS, a portable fiber spectrometer is introduced to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the element concentration in nickel-based superalloys. Then the signal-to-noise ratio and limit of detection are discussed at the same time. The result shows that, this system can correctly identify the different alloys and semi-quantitatively or quantitatively analyze the aluminum concentration in nickel-based superalloys. These experiment results can satisfy the requirements of in-situ analysis by LIBS and can provide references for the future applications.
In terms of the disadvantages such as splashing, surface ripples and quenching effect during the measurements of LIBS for liquid samples, we introduce the adsorbent substrates such as absorbent paper and bamboo charcoal to transform the liquid sample into a solid sample before analysis, which can significantly enhance the detection sensitivity and precision. Moreover, the test results of unknown samples by this method coincide with the ICP-AES values. This method can be beneficial for the application of quantitative analysis of trace metals in liquid solution by using LIBS.
Based on the composition change in metal alloys during the interaction process with long pulsed Nd:YAG laser, we monitor the concentrations of molten metal by using LIBS. Calibration-free methods are introduced for quantitative analysis in this experiment which is no need of standard samples. It is found that the Mg concentration in AZ31magnesium alloy is decreased after the interaction process with long pulsed laser, and the Mg loss increases with increasing the pulse width of the Nd:YAG laser. This result shows that the selective evaporation of material is influenced by the laser pulse width.
The results of all these investigations will facilitate the development of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
引文
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