时间域谱激电仪的研究与开发
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摘要
本次论文主要针对时间域谱激电(TSIP)法的理论和自身的特点,独立的开发出一套激电仪器。该激电仪包含了发送机和接收机两个独立的设备。除了可以观测岩、矿石或标本包含感应效应和激电效应的二次场,还可以实现对视电阻率和视极化率的测量。能够重复发送和接收单一或多个频率值的信号。两个设备的控制核心均采用了工业上较为常用的8位单片机ATmega128微控制器,都配有液晶显示和键盘操作,方便了人机交互和对数据的观测。
利用和发送机的GPS时间同步,接收机可进行对视电阻率和视极化率的测量,并显示在液晶界面上。也可根据接收机连续采集的大量数据,绘制出时谱曲线,能够清楚的看出岩、矿石或标本的充、放电过程以及二次场感应效应和激电效应。接收机将采集的数据自动保存到闪存存储器中,保证数据断电不丢失,目前该接收机的存储器容量为2M。为了便于数据传输,对保存在存储器中的数据利用比较流行的USB接口方式将其传输到U盘上,在U盘里存储成以当前日期为名的文本文档。接收机还可以观测自然电位,在采集时能对自然电位实现补偿。另外接收机具有检查仪器供电电压和GPS信息的功能。
发送机能够输出最高600V电压和15A电流的双极性脉冲信号。简而言之,就是将外接的直流电压转换成交流电压供入目标体两端,作为接收机的人工信号源。发送机的逆变部分采用的是最新的智能功率模块(IPM)PS21564,它不仅体积小,功耗低,转换速度快,而且在硬件上兼有过流、过热、短路、欠压的自我保护功能,提高了仪器的安全性。供电电压的电流值显示在4位半的段式液晶上,因此最大显示值为19999mA。为了达到精准的时间同步,发送机采用了两个独立的ATmega128控制核心,其中一个作为主控制器,完成参数设置,时间同步,GPS信息查询和逆变模块的控制。另一个主要是利用单片机内部的A/D转换器实现对供电电流的测量和显示。
根据实验,本套设备在对视电阻率和视极化率的测量和时谱曲线的观测中取得了良好的效果。为以后的实际勘查应用和进一步的功能开发打下了基础。
This thesis basing on the theory and the characteristics of Time domain Spectrum Induced Polarization (TSIP), develops a set of induced polarization devices independently. IP instrument contains transmitter and receiver for two separate devices. In addition to observing rocks, ores or specimens of the second field induction effect and polarization effect, but also realize the resistivity and polarizability measurements. This instrument is able to repeat the sending and receiving the single or multiple frequency signals. The core of the two control devices are more commonly used in industrial 8-bit single-chip microcontroller ATmega128, and all equipped with liquid crystal display and keyboard operation, to facilitate the human-computer interaction and observation of data.
Using the GPS time synchronization with transmitter, the receiver can be carried out on the resistivity and polarizability measurements, and the data display on the LCD. It can also be collected in accordance with the receiver for a large amount of data, to map out the time domain spectrum curve, which can be clearly seen the charge, discharge process of the rocks, ores or specimens and the second field induction effect and polarization effect. Data collected by the receiver will be automatically saved to the flash memory to ensure that data is not lost when power is failure. The current storage capacity of the receiver is 2M. In order to facilitate data transmission, to save the data in memory using the USB interface more popular way to transfer to the U disk, the data are stored in text manner, named the current date in U disk storage. Receiver can also observed spontaneous potential, when in the collection of spontaneous potential to achieve compensation. Also check with the receiver supply voltage and the GPS information.
The transmitter sends bipolar pulse, which the maximum voltage can reach to 600V and 15A. In short, it changes the external DC voltage into AC voltage to the target for both ends, as receiver of the artificial signal source. Transmitter used by the inverter is the latest part of the Intelligent Power Module (IPM) PS21564, it is not only small size, low power consumption, fast conversion speed, both in hardware containing over-current, overheating, short circuit, under-voltage self-protection functions, improve the security. The current value of output voltage is displayed in the four-piece semi-liquid, so show the value of the largest 19999mA. In order to achieve accurate time synchronization, transmitter uses two separate core of ATmega128, one as the main controller, the completion of parameter setting, time synchronization, GPS information and the control of the inverter module. The other is to use the internal single-chip A/D converter to achieve power output current measurement and display.
According to the experiments, the set of instrument in the resistivity and polarizibilty measurements and the observations of time spectral curve achieve good results. It lays foundation for the next actual exploration and further development.
利用和发送机的GPS时间同步,接收机可进行对视电阻率和视极化率的测量,并显示在液晶界面上。也可根据接收机连续采集的大量数据,绘制出时谱曲线,能够清楚的看出岩、矿石或标本的充、放电过程以及二次场感应效应和激电效应。接收机将采集的数据自动保存到闪存存储器中,保证数据断电不丢失,目前该接收机的存储器容量为2M。为了便于数据传输,对保存在存储器中的数据利用比较流行的USB接口方式将其传输到U盘上,在U盘里存储成以当前日期为名的文本文档。接收机还可以观测自然电位,在采集时能对自然电位实现补偿。另外接收机具有检查仪器供电电压和GPS信息的功能。
发送机能够输出最高600V电压和15A电流的双极性脉冲信号。简而言之,就是将外接的直流电压转换成交流电压供入目标体两端,作为接收机的人工信号源。发送机的逆变部分采用的是最新的智能功率模块(IPM)PS21564,它不仅体积小,功耗低,转换速度快,而且在硬件上兼有过流、过热、短路、欠压的自我保护功能,提高了仪器的安全性。供电电压的电流值显示在4位半的段式液晶上,因此最大显示值为19999mA。为了达到精准的时间同步,发送机采用了两个独立的ATmega128控制核心,其中一个作为主控制器,完成参数设置,时间同步,GPS信息查询和逆变模块的控制。另一个主要是利用单片机内部的A/D转换器实现对供电电流的测量和显示。
根据实验,本套设备在对视电阻率和视极化率的测量和时谱曲线的观测中取得了良好的效果。为以后的实际勘查应用和进一步的功能开发打下了基础。
This thesis basing on the theory and the characteristics of Time domain Spectrum Induced Polarization (TSIP), develops a set of induced polarization devices independently. IP instrument contains transmitter and receiver for two separate devices. In addition to observing rocks, ores or specimens of the second field induction effect and polarization effect, but also realize the resistivity and polarizability measurements. This instrument is able to repeat the sending and receiving the single or multiple frequency signals. The core of the two control devices are more commonly used in industrial 8-bit single-chip microcontroller ATmega128, and all equipped with liquid crystal display and keyboard operation, to facilitate the human-computer interaction and observation of data.
Using the GPS time synchronization with transmitter, the receiver can be carried out on the resistivity and polarizability measurements, and the data display on the LCD. It can also be collected in accordance with the receiver for a large amount of data, to map out the time domain spectrum curve, which can be clearly seen the charge, discharge process of the rocks, ores or specimens and the second field induction effect and polarization effect. Data collected by the receiver will be automatically saved to the flash memory to ensure that data is not lost when power is failure. The current storage capacity of the receiver is 2M. In order to facilitate data transmission, to save the data in memory using the USB interface more popular way to transfer to the U disk, the data are stored in text manner, named the current date in U disk storage. Receiver can also observed spontaneous potential, when in the collection of spontaneous potential to achieve compensation. Also check with the receiver supply voltage and the GPS information.
The transmitter sends bipolar pulse, which the maximum voltage can reach to 600V and 15A. In short, it changes the external DC voltage into AC voltage to the target for both ends, as receiver of the artificial signal source. Transmitter used by the inverter is the latest part of the Intelligent Power Module (IPM) PS21564, it is not only small size, low power consumption, fast conversion speed, both in hardware containing over-current, overheating, short circuit, under-voltage self-protection functions, improve the security. The current value of output voltage is displayed in the four-piece semi-liquid, so show the value of the largest 19999mA. In order to achieve accurate time synchronization, transmitter uses two separate core of ATmega128, one as the main controller, the completion of parameter setting, time synchronization, GPS information and the control of the inverter module. The other is to use the internal single-chip A/D converter to achieve power output current measurement and display.
According to the experiments, the set of instrument in the resistivity and polarizibilty measurements and the observations of time spectral curve achieve good results. It lays foundation for the next actual exploration and further development.
引文
[1]刘崧.谱激电法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.152--172
[2]傅良魁.激发极化法.北京:地质出版社,1982
[3]傅良愧.电法勘探教程.北京:地址出版社,1983
[4]潘玉玲,殷长春.电法放射性地热实验实习教学指导书.北京:地质出版社,1994.24--32
[5]刘石,陈儒军,颜良,陈一平.基于IPM的电法勘探发送机逆变器系统.物探与化探,2006,30(5):414--419
[6]左国青,罗维斌,李飞,等.基于GPS时间信号的电法发送机与接收机时间同步设计.物探与化探,2006,30(2):159--161
[7]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.345--368
[8]朱建国.基于USB_2.0的高速多通道数据采集系统的设计:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[9]胡晓军,张爱成. USB接口开发技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[10]周立功等. USB2.0与OTG规范及开发指南.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[11]高延滨,印士波.串行Flash存储器及其在智能检测仪表中的应用.应用科技,2001,28(7):27--30
[12]马幼捷,邵宝福,周雪松,等.智能功率模块驱动保护电路的研究与应用.电测与仪表,2007,44(496):60--63
[13]龙慧,罗维斌,白宜诚.基于智能功率模块的电法发送机的设计.企业技术开发,2005,24(11):20--22
[14]李广海,叶勇,蒋静坪. IPM驱动和保护电路的研究.自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(12):43--49
[15]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005.271--279
[16]何继善,白宜诚.伪随机电磁法及多功能仪器研究科研报告.长沙:中南大学,2003
[17]李金铭.激发极化法方法技术指南.北京:地质出版社,2004
[18]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的发展与应用.地学前缘,2003,10(1).54--57
[19]何继善.双频道激电法研究.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1989
[20]马忠梅.单片机的C语言程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.159--187
[21]马忠梅. ARW&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.65--72
[22]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.134--168
[23]谭浩强. C语言程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.38--67.
[24]石福升. GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究.石油仪器,1997,11(4):21--22
[25] Monhan Prasant Kumar Atluri. Development of an Algorithm for estimating travel time in urban network using GPS equipped vehicles:[Thesis for Master Degree].Austin:The university of Texas,2004.
[26] K.Duckworth. A method for conducting Induced Polarization surveys are inherently free of electromagnetic coupling effects.SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000
[27] Partha S.Routh, Douglas W. denburg. Complex conductivity inversion from EM coupling contaminated frequency domain IP data.SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000
[28] Partha Sarathi Routh. Electromagnetic coupling in frequentcy domain induced polarization data.[A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,1999
[29] Ken Yoshioka. Development of fast methods of multitransmitter EM data inverseon for mineral exploration.[A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy].Salt Lake City:The University of Utah,2004
[30] Jason A.Cole. Global Positioning System Accuracy Under Varying Forest Canopy Conditions.[A thesis for Master Degree].State University of New York.2004.
[31] SAE. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Measurment Procedures for Vehicle Components-SAE J1113,1987.10--12
[32] Agrawal,Jai P. Power Electronic System Theory And Design.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River ,2001.73--77
[2]傅良魁.激发极化法.北京:地质出版社,1982
[3]傅良愧.电法勘探教程.北京:地址出版社,1983
[4]潘玉玲,殷长春.电法放射性地热实验实习教学指导书.北京:地质出版社,1994.24--32
[5]刘石,陈儒军,颜良,陈一平.基于IPM的电法勘探发送机逆变器系统.物探与化探,2006,30(5):414--419
[6]左国青,罗维斌,李飞,等.基于GPS时间信号的电法发送机与接收机时间同步设计.物探与化探,2006,30(2):159--161
[7]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.345--368
[8]朱建国.基于USB_2.0的高速多通道数据采集系统的设计:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[9]胡晓军,张爱成. USB接口开发技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[10]周立功等. USB2.0与OTG规范及开发指南.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[11]高延滨,印士波.串行Flash存储器及其在智能检测仪表中的应用.应用科技,2001,28(7):27--30
[12]马幼捷,邵宝福,周雪松,等.智能功率模块驱动保护电路的研究与应用.电测与仪表,2007,44(496):60--63
[13]龙慧,罗维斌,白宜诚.基于智能功率模块的电法发送机的设计.企业技术开发,2005,24(11):20--22
[14]李广海,叶勇,蒋静坪. IPM驱动和保护电路的研究.自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(12):43--49
[15]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005.271--279
[16]何继善,白宜诚.伪随机电磁法及多功能仪器研究科研报告.长沙:中南大学,2003
[17]李金铭.激发极化法方法技术指南.北京:地质出版社,2004
[18]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的发展与应用.地学前缘,2003,10(1).54--57
[19]何继善.双频道激电法研究.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1989
[20]马忠梅.单片机的C语言程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.159--187
[21]马忠梅. ARW&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.65--72
[22]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.134--168
[23]谭浩强. C语言程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.38--67.
[24]石福升. GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究.石油仪器,1997,11(4):21--22
[25] Monhan Prasant Kumar Atluri. Development of an Algorithm for estimating travel time in urban network using GPS equipped vehicles:[Thesis for Master Degree].Austin:The university of Texas,2004.
[26] K.Duckworth. A method for conducting Induced Polarization surveys are inherently free of electromagnetic coupling effects.SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000
[27] Partha S.Routh, Douglas W. denburg. Complex conductivity inversion from EM coupling contaminated frequency domain IP data.SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000
[28] Partha Sarathi Routh. Electromagnetic coupling in frequentcy domain induced polarization data.[A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,1999
[29] Ken Yoshioka. Development of fast methods of multitransmitter EM data inverseon for mineral exploration.[A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy].Salt Lake City:The University of Utah,2004
[30] Jason A.Cole. Global Positioning System Accuracy Under Varying Forest Canopy Conditions.[A thesis for Master Degree].State University of New York.2004.
[31] SAE. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Measurment Procedures for Vehicle Components-SAE J1113,1987.10--12
[32] Agrawal,Jai P. Power Electronic System Theory And Design.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River ,2001.73--77
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