基于超声波的泥浆密度测试机理的研究
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摘要
泥浆的参数在石油的勘探开发中占有极其重要的地位,半个世纪以来,石油的勘探技术一直在飞速的发展,但是对于泥浆参数的检测技术却一直发展很慢。密度和电导率是泥浆的重要参数,可是目前检测泥浆密度和电导率的仪器或者设备笨重、或者操作繁琐,这些都给现场测量带来了不便。
针对泥浆密度测试,本课题对超声衰减法进行了比较全面的研究,并详细地探讨了超声波信号在泥浆中传播的衰减情况,建立了泥浆密度与超声回波信号的关系,对于泥浆电导率测试,本课题针对测量中的极化现象采用了交流电源,利用检波法进行测量,并改变了传统的试管式测量方式,用电极插入式方法进行测量,给测量带来了方便。
本课题在深入掌握相关原理基础上,进行了以单片机Atmega16L为主控芯片的相应的硬件设计。在泥浆密度测试系统中,按照信号流程设计了超声波激发电路、接收电路以及对回波信号的处理电路;在泥浆电导率测量系统中,设计了正弦发生电路、测量电路以及峰值提取电路。
在软件方面,本课题设计了A/D转化程序、中断服务程序以及显示程序。
通过大量实验,本课题拟合出泥浆密度与回波电压幅值的关系曲线,并给出了相应的精度估计。
The parameters of the mud have an extremely important status in the petroleum exploration. In these 50 years, the development of petroleum exploration technology is continuously rapid, but the development of the mud density detection technology is very slow. Density and electrical conductivity are the important parameters of mud, however, the existing equipments for detecting mud density and electrical conductivity are either ponderous or troublesome, and all of these bring the inconvenience to the detection scene.
Against mud density testing, more comprehensive studyabout ultrasonic attenuation law has been done in this subject. And the situation of the ultrasonic signals decaying in the mud in the spread was analysed particularly, the relationship was established between a mud density and ultrasound signals back; Against the mud conductivity testing, the AC power was used to eliminate the polarization in the test of electrical conductivity, in this subject, electrodes inserted way was used to test electrical conductivity, it changes the traditional testing methods and facilitates the test.
In this subject, on the basis of relevant principles, the corresponding design for hardware, SCM Atmega16L as the core, was designed. In the mud density testing system, Ultrasonic excited circuit, receiving voltage circuit and the echo of the signal processing circuit was designed in the mud Conductivity testing system, the sine circuit design, measuring circuit and peak extraction circuit was designed.
In terms of software, A / D conversion process, interrupt service process and display process was designed in this thesis.
Through experiments, the subjects described the curve between mud density and echo amplitude, and gives a corresponding estimate of accuracy.
针对泥浆密度测试,本课题对超声衰减法进行了比较全面的研究,并详细地探讨了超声波信号在泥浆中传播的衰减情况,建立了泥浆密度与超声回波信号的关系,对于泥浆电导率测试,本课题针对测量中的极化现象采用了交流电源,利用检波法进行测量,并改变了传统的试管式测量方式,用电极插入式方法进行测量,给测量带来了方便。
本课题在深入掌握相关原理基础上,进行了以单片机Atmega16L为主控芯片的相应的硬件设计。在泥浆密度测试系统中,按照信号流程设计了超声波激发电路、接收电路以及对回波信号的处理电路;在泥浆电导率测量系统中,设计了正弦发生电路、测量电路以及峰值提取电路。
在软件方面,本课题设计了A/D转化程序、中断服务程序以及显示程序。
通过大量实验,本课题拟合出泥浆密度与回波电压幅值的关系曲线,并给出了相应的精度估计。
The parameters of the mud have an extremely important status in the petroleum exploration. In these 50 years, the development of petroleum exploration technology is continuously rapid, but the development of the mud density detection technology is very slow. Density and electrical conductivity are the important parameters of mud, however, the existing equipments for detecting mud density and electrical conductivity are either ponderous or troublesome, and all of these bring the inconvenience to the detection scene.
Against mud density testing, more comprehensive studyabout ultrasonic attenuation law has been done in this subject. And the situation of the ultrasonic signals decaying in the mud in the spread was analysed particularly, the relationship was established between a mud density and ultrasound signals back; Against the mud conductivity testing, the AC power was used to eliminate the polarization in the test of electrical conductivity, in this subject, electrodes inserted way was used to test electrical conductivity, it changes the traditional testing methods and facilitates the test.
In this subject, on the basis of relevant principles, the corresponding design for hardware, SCM Atmega16L as the core, was designed. In the mud density testing system, Ultrasonic excited circuit, receiving voltage circuit and the echo of the signal processing circuit was designed in the mud Conductivity testing system, the sine circuit design, measuring circuit and peak extraction circuit was designed.
In terms of software, A / D conversion process, interrupt service process and display process was designed in this thesis.
Through experiments, the subjects described the curve between mud density and echo amplitude, and gives a corresponding estimate of accuracy.
引文
1佘新平,王宏远.γ射线式密度传感器及其在石油勘探中的应用.仪表技术与传感器. 1999, (4): 26~28.
2程显东.泥浆工艺在定向钻穿越中的作用.管道技术与设备. 2002, (1): 16~17.
3 Wu Ruisheng, Zhou Zhongping, Ren Zenhai. Nucl Electro Detect Tech. 2000, 20(2): 96~98.
4李相方.浮子式泥浆密度传感器设计研究.石油钻采工艺. 1990, (6): 3~4.
5李正平,吴瑞生,阴泽杰,王胡舰. Monte Carlo方法设计的泥浆密度测试系统.中国科学技术大学学报. 2005, 35(5): 643~644.
6刘润华,张红岩.小量程泥浆浓度测量仪的设计.仪表技术. 1998, (2): 41~42.
7 J.西拉德.超声检测新技术.陈积懋,余南廷译.科学出版社, 1991: 415.
8杜功焕,朱哲民,袭秀芬.声学基础.上海科学技术出版社, 1981: 185~186.
9“国防科技工业无损检测人员资格鉴定与认证培训教材”编审委员会.超声检测.机械工业出版社, 2005: 1~3.
10 Z.K.Hong, J.B.Han. Consideration on speckle pattern interferometry of ultrasonic speckles. Ultrasonics. 1997, 35: 329~332.
11 F.R.Hess, K.W.Bedford. Acoustic backscatter system (ABSS): the instrument and some preliminary result. Marine Geology. 1985, 66: 357~397.
12 MAXIM. 12V-to-5V, Synchronous, Step-Down Power-Supply Controller. 2005: 5~7
13 P.D.Osborne, C.E.Vincent, B.Greenwood. Measurements of suspend sand concentrations in the nearshore field intercomparison of optical and acoustic backscatter sensors. Continental Shelf Research. 1994, 14: 173~174.
14 P.D.Thorne, P.J.Hardcastle, R.L.Soulsby. Analysis of acoustic measurements of suspended sediments. J.Geop.Res. 1993, 98: 909~910.
15 MAXIM. 5V-to-3.3V, Synchronous, Step-Down Power-Supply Controller. 2005: 5~7
16 Zhang S. Progress in underwater acoustic geo-mapping technology. AcousticAustralia. 1996, 24: 47~51.
17 Shi Z, Ren L, Ling H. Vertical suspension profile in the Changjiang Estuary. Marine Geology. 1996, 13: 29~37.
18 Guo J, Li Y. Laboratory calibration of an acoustic monitoring device to measure suspended sand concentration. International Conference on Shallow-water Acoustics, China Ocean Press, Beijinng,1997: 609~614.
19 S.R.Mclean. Theoretical modeling of deep ocean sediment transport. Marine Geology. 1985, 66: 243~285.
20 M.H.Orr, et al. Acoustic monitoring of industrial chemical waste released at deep water dump site 106. J.Geophs.Res. 1978, 83: 6145~6154.
21 R.J.Urick. Principles of underwater sound. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1983.
22 M.Teufel, D.Trimis. Determination of velocity profiles in oscillating pipe-flows by using laser Doppler velocimetry and ultrasonic measuring devices. Flow Meas.Instrum. 1992, 3: 95~101.
23张叔英,李允武.声学悬浮泥沙观测系统的研制和应用.海洋学报. 1998, 20: 114~119.
24郭纪捷,任来法,李允武.声学悬浮泥沙观测数据的现场标定研究.海洋学报. 1998, 20: 120~125.
25张叔英,李允武.悬浮泥沙声学观测的原理分析.声学学报. 1994, 24: 269~274.
26 L.J.Hamilton , Shi Zhong , Zhang Shu-ying. Acoustic backscatter measurements of estuarine suspended cohesive sediment concentration profiles. J Coast Res. 1998, 14: 1213~1224.
27 Shi Zhong, Ren Lai-fa, Zhang Shu-ying, et al. Acoustic imaging of cohesive sediment resuspension and re-entrainment in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea. Geo-Mar Lett. 1997, 17: 162~168.
28 International Rectifier. IRF840 Data Sheet. 1997: 6~7
29 D.M.Hanes, C.E.Vincent, D.A.Huntley, et al. Acoustic measurements of suspended sand concentration in the C2S2 experiment at Stanhope Edward Island. Marine Geology. 1988, 81: 185~196.
30 A.E.Hay, J.Sheng. Vertical profiles of suspended sand concentration and size from multi-frequency acoustic backscatter. J Geophys Res. 1992, 97: 1661~1677.
31 P.D.Thorne, C.E.Vincent, P.J.Hardcastle, et al. Measuring suspended sediment concentration using acoustic backscatter devices. Marine Geology. 1991, 98: 7~16.
32 C.Libicki, K.W.Bedford, J.F.Lynch. The interpretation and evaluation of a 3 MHz acoustic backscatter device for measuring benthic boundary layer sediment dynamics. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989, 85: 1501~1511.
33同济大学声学研究室.超声工业测量技术.上海人民出版社,1977. 132~133
34孙军华,董名利.钢轨高速探伤系统超声发射接收装置的设计. 2002, 36(12): 51~53.
35会长善.超声工程.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1989: 109~111.
36张叔英,钱炳兴.高浓度悬浮泥沙的声学观测.海洋学报. 2003, 25(6): 54~59.
37 V.G.Dhananjay. Programming and customizing the AVR microcontroller. McGraw-Hill, 2001. 163~164
38马潮.高档8位单片机ATmega128原理与开发应用指南(上).北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 284~286.
39海涛,李啸骢,龙军,骆武宁. Atmega系列单片机原理及应用.机械工业出版社. 2008: 13~14
40佟长福. AVR单片机GCC程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006:3~4.
41应崇福.超声学.科学出版社, 1990: 124~128.
2程显东.泥浆工艺在定向钻穿越中的作用.管道技术与设备. 2002, (1): 16~17.
3 Wu Ruisheng, Zhou Zhongping, Ren Zenhai. Nucl Electro Detect Tech. 2000, 20(2): 96~98.
4李相方.浮子式泥浆密度传感器设计研究.石油钻采工艺. 1990, (6): 3~4.
5李正平,吴瑞生,阴泽杰,王胡舰. Monte Carlo方法设计的泥浆密度测试系统.中国科学技术大学学报. 2005, 35(5): 643~644.
6刘润华,张红岩.小量程泥浆浓度测量仪的设计.仪表技术. 1998, (2): 41~42.
7 J.西拉德.超声检测新技术.陈积懋,余南廷译.科学出版社, 1991: 415.
8杜功焕,朱哲民,袭秀芬.声学基础.上海科学技术出版社, 1981: 185~186.
9“国防科技工业无损检测人员资格鉴定与认证培训教材”编审委员会.超声检测.机械工业出版社, 2005: 1~3.
10 Z.K.Hong, J.B.Han. Consideration on speckle pattern interferometry of ultrasonic speckles. Ultrasonics. 1997, 35: 329~332.
11 F.R.Hess, K.W.Bedford. Acoustic backscatter system (ABSS): the instrument and some preliminary result. Marine Geology. 1985, 66: 357~397.
12 MAXIM. 12V-to-5V, Synchronous, Step-Down Power-Supply Controller. 2005: 5~7
13 P.D.Osborne, C.E.Vincent, B.Greenwood. Measurements of suspend sand concentrations in the nearshore field intercomparison of optical and acoustic backscatter sensors. Continental Shelf Research. 1994, 14: 173~174.
14 P.D.Thorne, P.J.Hardcastle, R.L.Soulsby. Analysis of acoustic measurements of suspended sediments. J.Geop.Res. 1993, 98: 909~910.
15 MAXIM. 5V-to-3.3V, Synchronous, Step-Down Power-Supply Controller. 2005: 5~7
16 Zhang S. Progress in underwater acoustic geo-mapping technology. AcousticAustralia. 1996, 24: 47~51.
17 Shi Z, Ren L, Ling H. Vertical suspension profile in the Changjiang Estuary. Marine Geology. 1996, 13: 29~37.
18 Guo J, Li Y. Laboratory calibration of an acoustic monitoring device to measure suspended sand concentration. International Conference on Shallow-water Acoustics, China Ocean Press, Beijinng,1997: 609~614.
19 S.R.Mclean. Theoretical modeling of deep ocean sediment transport. Marine Geology. 1985, 66: 243~285.
20 M.H.Orr, et al. Acoustic monitoring of industrial chemical waste released at deep water dump site 106. J.Geophs.Res. 1978, 83: 6145~6154.
21 R.J.Urick. Principles of underwater sound. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1983.
22 M.Teufel, D.Trimis. Determination of velocity profiles in oscillating pipe-flows by using laser Doppler velocimetry and ultrasonic measuring devices. Flow Meas.Instrum. 1992, 3: 95~101.
23张叔英,李允武.声学悬浮泥沙观测系统的研制和应用.海洋学报. 1998, 20: 114~119.
24郭纪捷,任来法,李允武.声学悬浮泥沙观测数据的现场标定研究.海洋学报. 1998, 20: 120~125.
25张叔英,李允武.悬浮泥沙声学观测的原理分析.声学学报. 1994, 24: 269~274.
26 L.J.Hamilton , Shi Zhong , Zhang Shu-ying. Acoustic backscatter measurements of estuarine suspended cohesive sediment concentration profiles. J Coast Res. 1998, 14: 1213~1224.
27 Shi Zhong, Ren Lai-fa, Zhang Shu-ying, et al. Acoustic imaging of cohesive sediment resuspension and re-entrainment in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea. Geo-Mar Lett. 1997, 17: 162~168.
28 International Rectifier. IRF840 Data Sheet. 1997: 6~7
29 D.M.Hanes, C.E.Vincent, D.A.Huntley, et al. Acoustic measurements of suspended sand concentration in the C2S2 experiment at Stanhope Edward Island. Marine Geology. 1988, 81: 185~196.
30 A.E.Hay, J.Sheng. Vertical profiles of suspended sand concentration and size from multi-frequency acoustic backscatter. J Geophys Res. 1992, 97: 1661~1677.
31 P.D.Thorne, C.E.Vincent, P.J.Hardcastle, et al. Measuring suspended sediment concentration using acoustic backscatter devices. Marine Geology. 1991, 98: 7~16.
32 C.Libicki, K.W.Bedford, J.F.Lynch. The interpretation and evaluation of a 3 MHz acoustic backscatter device for measuring benthic boundary layer sediment dynamics. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989, 85: 1501~1511.
33同济大学声学研究室.超声工业测量技术.上海人民出版社,1977. 132~133
34孙军华,董名利.钢轨高速探伤系统超声发射接收装置的设计. 2002, 36(12): 51~53.
35会长善.超声工程.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1989: 109~111.
36张叔英,钱炳兴.高浓度悬浮泥沙的声学观测.海洋学报. 2003, 25(6): 54~59.
37 V.G.Dhananjay. Programming and customizing the AVR microcontroller. McGraw-Hill, 2001. 163~164
38马潮.高档8位单片机ATmega128原理与开发应用指南(上).北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 284~286.
39海涛,李啸骢,龙军,骆武宁. Atmega系列单片机原理及应用.机械工业出版社. 2008: 13~14
40佟长福. AVR单片机GCC程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006:3~4.
41应崇福.超声学.科学出版社, 1990: 124~128.
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