基于DSP的电视跟踪系统的研究
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摘要
本文第一部分介绍了一种基于DSP的数字式电视跟踪系统的设计方案。本系统应用了ADSP-21020图像处理板作为实时图像处理单元，应用BT812图像采集卡从摄像头输入的视频中实时采集图像并转化为数字信息，并设计了系统主板单元，应用80C196KC完成对DSP的程序加载，并根据读出的误差信号控制云台的转动，使摄像头跟踪目标。为将目标图像与跟踪信息同时显示在显示器上，还设计了基于8031和MC6845的显示控制单元和视频叠加单元，使跟踪画面更加形象。
本文第二部分介绍了数字图像处理的有关知识。重点分析了几种滤波算法，并选用了适合于本系统的快速中值滤波算法。在图像分割的研究中，给出了图像分割的一般模型和阈值选取的方法，并应用了基于图像阈值的分割方法。
本文第三部分分别介绍了边缘、质心和相关跟踪算法，并根据电视跟踪系统的实际需要，应用了基于以上三种跟踪算法的综合跟踪算法。最后，介绍了当目标被短时遮挡时，采用的跟踪预测算法。
In the first part of this paper, a design project of DSP-based digital TV tracking system is introduced. In this system, ADSP-21020 image processing board is used as image processing unit, and BT812 image acquisition board is used to collect image from the vidicon's output, and to convert\ it into digital info. The main board unit of this system is designed, and 80C196KC is used to load the program of DSP, and according as the error signal to control the turning platform to take the vidicon to track the target. In order to display the target and the tracking information on the screen together, the display control unit and video superposition unit based on 8031 and MC6845 is designed. This make the tracking image more visualize.
In the second part of this paper, some knowledge about digital image processing is introduced. Several filter algorithm is analyzed and a fast median filter algorithm is used which is adapt to this system. In the study on the image segmentation, a universal module of image segmentation and the way of thresholding value selection are given. The segmentation based on the gray scale thresholding value is used.
In the third part of this paper the tracking algorithm based on centroid, edge and the correlation tracking algorithm is introduced. According to the needs of the TV tracking system the synthetic tracking algorithm based on three tracking algorithm above is used. At last, the predicted algorithm which is used when the target is keep out instant is introduced.
本文第二部分介绍了数字图像处理的有关知识。重点分析了几种滤波算法，并选用了适合于本系统的快速中值滤波算法。在图像分割的研究中，给出了图像分割的一般模型和阈值选取的方法，并应用了基于图像阈值的分割方法。
本文第三部分分别介绍了边缘、质心和相关跟踪算法，并根据电视跟踪系统的实际需要，应用了基于以上三种跟踪算法的综合跟踪算法。最后，介绍了当目标被短时遮挡时，采用的跟踪预测算法。
In the first part of this paper, a design project of DSP-based digital TV tracking system is introduced. In this system, ADSP-21020 image processing board is used as image processing unit, and BT812 image acquisition board is used to collect image from the vidicon's output, and to convert\ it into digital info. The main board unit of this system is designed, and 80C196KC is used to load the program of DSP, and according as the error signal to control the turning platform to take the vidicon to track the target. In order to display the target and the tracking information on the screen together, the display control unit and video superposition unit based on 8031 and MC6845 is designed. This make the tracking image more visualize.
In the second part of this paper, some knowledge about digital image processing is introduced. Several filter algorithm is analyzed and a fast median filter algorithm is used which is adapt to this system. In the study on the image segmentation, a universal module of image segmentation and the way of thresholding value selection are given. The segmentation based on the gray scale thresholding value is used.
In the third part of this paper the tracking algorithm based on centroid, edge and the correlation tracking algorithm is introduced. According to the needs of the TV tracking system the synthetic tracking algorithm based on three tracking algorithm above is used. At last, the predicted algorithm which is used when the target is keep out instant is introduced.
引文
[1] 郭治，现代火控理论，北京：国防工业出版社，1996
[2] 蒋谱成，电视跟踪在火控雷达中的地位和作用，雷达，1987，第三期，P44-49
[3] 阮秋琦，数字图像处理学，电子工业出版社
[4] 高稚允、高岳、张开华，军用光电系统，北京理工大学出版社，1996
[5] Analog Device Inc, ADSP-21020 User's Manual
[6] GK-BT812图像采集卡使用说明，1995
[7] Brooktree Coporation, Bt812 User's Manual, 1994
[8] 傅万钧、张维力，应用电视技术，国防工业出版社，1996
[9] 周新伦、柳健、刘华志等编著，数字图像处理，国防工业出版社，1986
[10] 赵荣椿等，数字图像处理导论，西北工业大学出版社，1996
[11] 钟玉琢等机器人视觉技术，国防工业出版社，1994
[12] 章毓晋，图像分割，科学出版社，2001
[13] Tsai W, Moment-preserving thresholding:A new approach,CVGIP 1985,Vol.29,P377-393
[14] George Downey, Electro-Optical tracking system considerations, SPIE 1989,Vol., 1111,p70-84 '
[15] 周启煌、单东升，坦克火力控制系统，国防工业出版社，1997
[16] 孙仲康、沈振康，数字图像处理及其应用，国防工业出版社，1985
[17] Frank H.Eeckman,Timothy S.Axelrod, Comparison of three different methods for target detection, Optical Engineering, 1993 ,Vol.32,No. 11 ,P2741-2748
[18] 任仙怡等，一种新的相关跟踪算法的研究，中国图像图形学报，2002年第七卷，第六期，P553-557
[19] 张建森等，实时跟踪动目标的数学模型，系统工程与电子技术，1985年第1期，P14-21
[20] 李庆杨等，数值分析，华中工学院出版社，1985
[21] 朱元昌、赵福红，火控系统原理与分析，兵器工业出版社，1994
[22] 王春平，图像处理理论与技术在火力控制工程中的应用研究，1996
[2] 蒋谱成，电视跟踪在火控雷达中的地位和作用，雷达，1987，第三期，P44-49
[3] 阮秋琦，数字图像处理学，电子工业出版社
[4] 高稚允、高岳、张开华，军用光电系统，北京理工大学出版社，1996
[5] Analog Device Inc, ADSP-21020 User's Manual
[6] GK-BT812图像采集卡使用说明，1995
[7] Brooktree Coporation, Bt812 User's Manual, 1994
[8] 傅万钧、张维力，应用电视技术，国防工业出版社，1996
[9] 周新伦、柳健、刘华志等编著，数字图像处理，国防工业出版社，1986
[10] 赵荣椿等，数字图像处理导论，西北工业大学出版社，1996
[11] 钟玉琢等机器人视觉技术，国防工业出版社，1994
[12] 章毓晋，图像分割，科学出版社，2001
[13] Tsai W, Moment-preserving thresholding:A new approach,CVGIP 1985,Vol.29,P377-393
[14] George Downey, Electro-Optical tracking system considerations, SPIE 1989,Vol., 1111,p70-84 '
[15] 周启煌、单东升，坦克火力控制系统，国防工业出版社，1997
[16] 孙仲康、沈振康，数字图像处理及其应用，国防工业出版社，1985
[17] Frank H.Eeckman,Timothy S.Axelrod, Comparison of three different methods for target detection, Optical Engineering, 1993 ,Vol.32,No. 11 ,P2741-2748
[18] 任仙怡等，一种新的相关跟踪算法的研究，中国图像图形学报，2002年第七卷，第六期，P553-557
[19] 张建森等，实时跟踪动目标的数学模型，系统工程与电子技术，1985年第1期，P14-21
[20] 李庆杨等，数值分析，华中工学院出版社，1985
[21] 朱元昌、赵福红，火控系统原理与分析，兵器工业出版社，1994
[22] 王春平，图像处理理论与技术在火力控制工程中的应用研究，1996