南羌塘盆地西部上古生界—中生界构造变形特征及演化
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摘要
班公湖-怒江构造带与龙木错-双湖构造带及之间的南羌塘盆地是研究青藏高原早期构造演化的关键地区，保留着古、中、新特提斯洋演化的重要信息。通过在野外日土多玛地区、日土西柴朱日地区、改则热那错地区的1:5万区调及1:1万大比例尺构造解译工作，按变质变形程度将三个地区的古生代－中生代地层进行了构造期次划分，并与玛依岗日地区的相同时代地层进行了构造期次、变形程度的对比研究，得出日土多玛地区构造变形期次划分为三期。第一期（D1）运动构造置换强烈，变形具备了韧性变形的特点。S1劈理的统计结果表明研究区存在南-北方向的挤压作用。第二期(D2)运动变质程度相对(D1)较低，变形较弱。S2劈理的投影统计结果表明区域上D2期应力为南北向压应力。第三期构造运动（D3）为脆性变形，叠加在早期层理及劈理褶皱之上。
改则热那错地区中生代地层在新生代构造运动之前（D3）经历了至少2期收缩构造运动，在共轴递进变形的影响下，空间上岩层分布形态受叠加褶皱控制。娘荣错北与拉嘎那东构造解析工作表明第一期（D1）构造运动应力方向为南北向挤压，有一定的水平剪切分量。第二期(D2)构造运动为韧脆性变形，产状要素赤平投影表明D2期具近南北向挤压运动的特点。
位于班公湖蛇绿岩混杂带南部的日土西柴朱日地区的沙木罗组地层先经历了两期近南北向挤压运动（D1和D2），之后又经历了一期由南向北的逆冲推覆过程（D3），第二期构造运动通过切割和构造置换方式，强烈改造早期层理及S1劈理，S2劈理产状要素的投影统计表明研究区存在北北东－南南西方向的挤压作用。
通过与区域上荣玛乡玛依岗日地区的地层构造变形特征对比研究，表明四个地区各时代地层具有相似的变形特征，多玛地区的石炭系发育一期早期（D1）韧性变形，与荣玛乡玛依岗日地区相似；区域上D2期变形，在不同区域的相同岩性地层中，各地质体均有相似的变质变形表现，为脆性变形。D3期构造运动在不同区域的相同岩性地层中也具有相似的变形特征，为脆性变形。
在燕山晚期，在南北挤压作用力下，玛依岗日地区石炭系与中生代侵入岩一起呈巨型石香肠或巨型构造透镜体状，东西向定向分布。南羌塘盆地地层在不同尺度上都存在褶皱现象，这些褶皱的轴面大多近东西走向，并造成在南北向上各三叠系、侏罗系的反复出现。班公湖－怒江构造带与狮泉河－拉果错构造带具有增生杂岩的特点。依据增生杂岩模式及结合区域资料得出新特提斯洋向北俯冲，南羌塘板块向南增生。
The Bangong-Nujiang structral zone and the Longmu co–shuanghu structural zone and SouthQiangtang Basin which is between them are extremely important area in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.They retain important information about the ancient, middle and Neo-Tethys evolution. Throughthe field mapping of regional geological survey at1:50000and tectonic analysis at1:10000atDuoma, Chaizhuri around Ritu and Rena co area of Gaize, and the work of indoor data analysis,microscopic observation,the structural stages of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in these threeregions were divided according to the degree of metamorphism and deformation. Compared withthe same strata in the area of Mayigangri, the tectonic deformation stages in Duoma were dividedinto three stages. The first stage(D1) is characterized by intensively transposition of structures andflexible deformation. Projection statistical results of S1cleavage indicate the presence of North toSouth direction of compressive stress in the study area. The metamorphism degree of secondstage(D2) of is lower and the deformation is weaker. S2cleavage projection statistical results showthe North to South direction compression effect. The third tectonic movement is brittle deformation,making early stratification and cleavage wrinkles and experienced progressive deformation.
The Mesozoic strata in the area of Rena Co, Gaize at least experienced contractive tectonicmovement two times before Cenozoic tectonic movement (D3). Influenced by coaxial progressivedeformation, the spatial distributions of the strata were controlled by superimposed folds thatresulted in the occurrence of the strata repeatedly in multiple directions. The stress direction of thefirst stage was proved to be north-south by the work of tectonic analysis in the areas of NiangrongCo and Lagana. The tectonic deformation of the second stage (D2) is ductile-brittle and the resultsof occurrence of S2cleavage and lineation showed in D2stage this study area experienced nearlynorth-south compression. The third stage (D3) was mainly in the form of disturbance of Cenozoictectonic movement.
Shamuluo Formation around Chaizhuri of Ritu which located in the south of Bangonghu ophiolitemelange experienced two north-south contractive motions (D1and D2) and followed with a thrustprocess from south to north (D3). The original bedding and foliation S1were strongly deformed bycutting and replacement by the second stage cleavage (S2).S2cleavages are penetrative, and thestereographic projection of S2indicated the presence of the compression in NNE-SSW direction inthis study area.
The result of Compared the feathers of tectonic deformation with the area of Mayigangri showedthat the four regions had similar deformation characteristics in the formation of same age. TheCarboniferous strata in north part of south Qiangtang all experienced one stage of flexibledeformation (D1) in early Permian. In D2stage of movement, same type rock with same age indifferent area had similar metamorphism and deformation.D2shows the characteristics of ductile tofragile.In D3stage of movement, four area all bore D3movement in late Jurassic. D3similar to D2,the same type rock with same age but in different area have the same metamorphism anddeformation.
In the late Phase of Yanshan, Carboniferous strata and Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the area ofMayigangri were presented in the way of large boudins or structural lens with east-west orientationdistribution by the north-south extrusion force. Different scales of folds could be found in thestrata in South Qiangtang Basin, Most of these axial planes of folds were nearly east-west strike,making the Triassic and Jurassic strata occur repeatedly. Bangong-Nujiang suture zone and shiquanhe–Laguo co ophiolite belt had characteristics of accretionary complex. Based onaccretionary complex patterns and regional survey data get the result of the Neo-Tethys subductedto north,and Oceanic trench backwards to south, the South Qiangtang accrete to south.
改则热那错地区中生代地层在新生代构造运动之前（D3）经历了至少2期收缩构造运动，在共轴递进变形的影响下，空间上岩层分布形态受叠加褶皱控制。娘荣错北与拉嘎那东构造解析工作表明第一期（D1）构造运动应力方向为南北向挤压，有一定的水平剪切分量。第二期(D2)构造运动为韧脆性变形，产状要素赤平投影表明D2期具近南北向挤压运动的特点。
位于班公湖蛇绿岩混杂带南部的日土西柴朱日地区的沙木罗组地层先经历了两期近南北向挤压运动（D1和D2），之后又经历了一期由南向北的逆冲推覆过程（D3），第二期构造运动通过切割和构造置换方式，强烈改造早期层理及S1劈理，S2劈理产状要素的投影统计表明研究区存在北北东－南南西方向的挤压作用。
通过与区域上荣玛乡玛依岗日地区的地层构造变形特征对比研究，表明四个地区各时代地层具有相似的变形特征，多玛地区的石炭系发育一期早期（D1）韧性变形，与荣玛乡玛依岗日地区相似；区域上D2期变形，在不同区域的相同岩性地层中，各地质体均有相似的变质变形表现，为脆性变形。D3期构造运动在不同区域的相同岩性地层中也具有相似的变形特征，为脆性变形。
在燕山晚期，在南北挤压作用力下，玛依岗日地区石炭系与中生代侵入岩一起呈巨型石香肠或巨型构造透镜体状，东西向定向分布。南羌塘盆地地层在不同尺度上都存在褶皱现象，这些褶皱的轴面大多近东西走向，并造成在南北向上各三叠系、侏罗系的反复出现。班公湖－怒江构造带与狮泉河－拉果错构造带具有增生杂岩的特点。依据增生杂岩模式及结合区域资料得出新特提斯洋向北俯冲，南羌塘板块向南增生。
The Bangong-Nujiang structral zone and the Longmu co–shuanghu structural zone and SouthQiangtang Basin which is between them are extremely important area in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.They retain important information about the ancient, middle and Neo-Tethys evolution. Throughthe field mapping of regional geological survey at1:50000and tectonic analysis at1:10000atDuoma, Chaizhuri around Ritu and Rena co area of Gaize, and the work of indoor data analysis,microscopic observation,the structural stages of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in these threeregions were divided according to the degree of metamorphism and deformation. Compared withthe same strata in the area of Mayigangri, the tectonic deformation stages in Duoma were dividedinto three stages. The first stage(D1) is characterized by intensively transposition of structures andflexible deformation. Projection statistical results of S1cleavage indicate the presence of North toSouth direction of compressive stress in the study area. The metamorphism degree of secondstage(D2) of is lower and the deformation is weaker. S2cleavage projection statistical results showthe North to South direction compression effect. The third tectonic movement is brittle deformation,making early stratification and cleavage wrinkles and experienced progressive deformation.
The Mesozoic strata in the area of Rena Co, Gaize at least experienced contractive tectonicmovement two times before Cenozoic tectonic movement (D3). Influenced by coaxial progressivedeformation, the spatial distributions of the strata were controlled by superimposed folds thatresulted in the occurrence of the strata repeatedly in multiple directions. The stress direction of thefirst stage was proved to be north-south by the work of tectonic analysis in the areas of NiangrongCo and Lagana. The tectonic deformation of the second stage (D2) is ductile-brittle and the resultsof occurrence of S2cleavage and lineation showed in D2stage this study area experienced nearlynorth-south compression. The third stage (D3) was mainly in the form of disturbance of Cenozoictectonic movement.
Shamuluo Formation around Chaizhuri of Ritu which located in the south of Bangonghu ophiolitemelange experienced two north-south contractive motions (D1and D2) and followed with a thrustprocess from south to north (D3). The original bedding and foliation S1were strongly deformed bycutting and replacement by the second stage cleavage (S2).S2cleavages are penetrative, and thestereographic projection of S2indicated the presence of the compression in NNE-SSW direction inthis study area.
The result of Compared the feathers of tectonic deformation with the area of Mayigangri showedthat the four regions had similar deformation characteristics in the formation of same age. TheCarboniferous strata in north part of south Qiangtang all experienced one stage of flexibledeformation (D1) in early Permian. In D2stage of movement, same type rock with same age indifferent area had similar metamorphism and deformation.D2shows the characteristics of ductile tofragile.In D3stage of movement, four area all bore D3movement in late Jurassic. D3similar to D2,the same type rock with same age but in different area have the same metamorphism anddeformation.
In the late Phase of Yanshan, Carboniferous strata and Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the area ofMayigangri were presented in the way of large boudins or structural lens with east-west orientationdistribution by the north-south extrusion force. Different scales of folds could be found in thestrata in South Qiangtang Basin, Most of these axial planes of folds were nearly east-west strike,making the Triassic and Jurassic strata occur repeatedly. Bangong-Nujiang suture zone and shiquanhe–Laguo co ophiolite belt had characteristics of accretionary complex. Based onaccretionary complex patterns and regional survey data get the result of the Neo-Tethys subductedto north,and Oceanic trench backwards to south, the South Qiangtang accrete to south.
引文
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