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基于广义分形的旋转机械动力学分析与故障诊断的研究
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摘要
在现代化生产中,机械设备系统的状态监测和故障诊断问题越来越受到重视,许多国内外学者对此进行了很多研究,提出了故障诊断的新方法、新技术。把分形理论应用于机械系统故障诊断领域,是近年来国内外学术界的新动向。运用分形理论,不仅可以定性,而且可以定量地分析系统的运动状态,从而实现对复杂机械系统的故障诊断。
     本文基于分形理论、多重分形理论,通过对广义分形维数的计算分析,把广义分形维数作为故障特征量,对旋转机械的故障诊断与识别进行了研究。运用振动理论,对变刚度柔性转子试验台进行了动态分析,得到转子试验台在由偏心质量所引起的激振力下产生的受迫振动的固有频率、振型及响应。并对转子支承系统松动进行了初步计算。本文还应用有限元的方法,对建立的变刚度柔性转子试验台的模型进行模拟计算,得到转子试验台在质量不平衡故障下及转子支承系统松动和质量不平衡耦合故障下的一定阶数的固有频率、振型,并对这两种情况下的转子试验台模型进行了瞬态动力学分析,得出了瞬态响应曲线。对用有限元方法计算出的转子试验台模型在质量不平衡故障下及转子支承系统松动和质量不平衡耦合故障下的振型和瞬态响应值用广义分形维数计算程序计算出了它们的广义分形维数,绘制了相应的广义维数谱图,并在广义维数序列中,用广义维数最大距离法,确定系统状态的敏感维数。
     本文对转子试验台进行了振动测试,获取了有关的振动信号。建立了以振动信号的广义维数、广义维数谱图、敏感维数为特征组的模式空间样本库,运用敏感维数法定量地识别各种类型的故障,并收到了良好的诊断结果。运用广义维数最大相关系数法,广义维数序列单值优化逼近方法,不仅能对系统状态的单一故障进行诊断、识别及其分类,而且还能对复杂系统状态的耦合故障进行诊断、识别及分类。编制了广义维数优化逼近程度计算程序和广义维数相关系数计算程序。
In modern society, it is an important problem of state control and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment, which has being paid more and more attention to. Many scholars have made a lot of jobs on it, and put forward some new methods of fault diagnosis. It is the new trend in academic circle of the world that fractal theory has been applied in the field of machinery fault diagnosis. With fractal theory, the running state of the system can be analyzed not qualitatively but also quantitatively, so the faults of complex machinery system can be diagnosed.
    In this paper, based on the fractal theory and multi-fractal theory, fault diagnosis and identification of rotating mechanism have been studied through calculation and analysis of general dimension, and general dimension is regarded as fault feature. On the base of the vibration theory, the rotating mechanism of mass unbalance is studied by vibration analysis. And the intrinsic frequency, vibration form and vibration response are done. The rotating mechanism of the loose of supporting system is counted preparatorily. Simulating the rotating model with finite element method, we work out limited amounts of intrinsic frequency and vibration form of the rotating mechanism of mass unbalance and the unity of the loose of supporting system and mass unbalance, and draw the curves of the transient analysis. The above results from finite element method are computed by general dimension computing program, and their charts are painted based on general dimension. And in the series of general dimension, the method of gene
    ral dimension furthest distance is used to define the fault sensitive dimension of system state.
    Vibration signal is gained through the vibration testing of rotating model. It is founded that the model space samples storeroom sets General dimension, chart and fault sensitive dimension as feature group. It is brought forward that all kinds of faults can be quantitatively distinguished with sensitive dimension method, and the results of diagnosis are fine. General dimension furthest correlation coefficient method and general dimension series
    
    
    
    single value approach is applied in not only the single fault of system state but also the coupling fault of complicated system state so that they can be diagnosed, classified and identified.
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