复合产业生态系统能值分析评价和优化研究
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摘要
工业园区是新型工业化发展的重要载体。伴随着我国工业园的不断发展和壮大,在资源、环境、竞争等多重压力下,我国政府开始重视工业园的环境管理,并致力于引导园区向生态工业园模式——“复合产业生态系统”方向转型。然而,在工业园的实际发展运作中,环境管理工作进展并不顺利,工业资源消耗仍然逐年上升,工业园环境污染也屡见不鲜。因此,如何在可持续发展背景下,评价我国工业园的发展水平并对其进行优化,是理论和实践所面临的重要课题。
作为环境核算领域的重要方法之一,能值分析是复合产业生态系统分析和评价的有力工具。能值分析具有一套独特的理论和方法体系,它能够将所有不同类别的物质、能量换算为统一的量纲——“太阳能值”,从而为环境经济绩效的评价带来了极大助益；此外,能值理论是基于生物圈内物质和能量流动规律而建立的,更能够反映资源和环境服务真实价值。
基于此,本文选择以复合产业生态系统为主要研究对象,以能值分析作为重要研究方法,开展复合产业生态系统可持续发展评价方法和优化路径研究,以期为政府提高工业园区环境经济绩效和转变经济发展方式提供决策支持。
首先,通过理论分析,从能值角度探讨复合产业生态系统基本特性和规律,构建了复合产业生态系统的能值分析框架；通过理论研究和文献研究,剖析了能值转换率应用于本地复合产业生态系统的适宜性,以问题为导向提出了面向复合产业生态系统的能值转换率优化方法,并以案例研究验证了方法的可操作性和有效性。
其次,针对经济全球化背景下的工业系统资源优化配置已经突破地域约束限制这-现状,探讨了现有的能值可更新资源比率指标在表达外部物质可更新性上的局限问题,并据此提出了基于外部投入追踪的可更新评价指标及其计算方法,为能值分析提供了-个新的视角；为评价系统内废弃物循环资源利用水平,对现有的副产品能值转换率相关研究进行了系统性的全面梳理,通过联产品、副产品和下脚料等概念分析和对比,深化了对副产品能值累积过程的认知,提出副产品循环利用能值评价指标。在此基础上,构建了复合产业生态系统能值评价指标体系,从系统结构、系统功能、系统绩效三个维度,确保了评价指标体系的完整性,具有较高的理论研究参考价值和实践应用价值。
再次,通过对能值分析方法特点和能值评价指标特征的解析,提出了复合产业生态系统关键障碍的辨识方法及相应的优化路径,在此基础上,引入情景分析,梳理了优化方案实施前后的关键能值流变动模式,建立了优化方案的评价指标体系,并进一步提出了优化方案的选择框架。该评价指标体系和评价框架从方法论角度对系统优化领域的能值研究进行了拓展,为政府推动环境管理和生态建设提供理论依据和决策参考。
最后,选取大连市经济技术开发区为案例,按照复合产业生态系统的能值分析框架,对其开展了系统的能值分析、评价和优化,并较好地证明了复合产业生态系统能值分析框架、能值评价指标体系以及优化路径设计和优化方案选择框架的合理性、科学性、有效性和可操作性。
Industrial park is the most important carrier of industrialization. With the continuous development and growth, as well as the great suffering from pressure of resource depetion, environmental pollution and market competition, Chinese government began to focus on the environmental management for industrial parks and try to guide their transformation towards to Eco-industrial Park model, called "complex industrial ecosystem". However, neither the environmental management, nor the transformation is a quick sale, the resource consumption and environmental pollution from industrial park is still serious. It is a big challenge that how to evaluate and optimize the development of industrial park in such a sustainable background for both research and practice.
As a key method in the field of environmental accounting, Emergy Analysis is very valuable for systematic analysis and evaluation. Since Emergy Analysis is sourcing from a unique theory and methodology, it could convert all different types of material and energy to the same unit, the "solar value", thus bring great benefit to environmental loading accounting and environmental-economic performance evaluation. Besides, Emergy Theory is established based on the material and energy flows principle of the biosphere, therefore, it reflects the real value of resource and environmental services.
This thesis takes Complex Industrial Ecosystem as main research objective and Emergy Theory as main research method to explore the scientific sustainable development evaluation method and optimization path for Complex Industrial Ecosystem, hoping to provide decision support for the government to improve industrial parks'environmental and economic performance and promote transformation of economic development.
Firstly, through the theory analysis from the view of Emergy, the basic characteristic and rules of Complex Industrial Ecosystem are recovered and an Emergy Analysis Framework is established. Based on the theoretical analysis and literature research, the research analyzed the causes of suitability problem in the locally transformity application procedure, and then oriented by the problem, the transformity optimization method facing Complex Industrial Ecosystem is put forward, and a further case study verified its operability and effectiveness.
Secondly, considering the industrial resources allocation has broken the geographical constraints in the background of economic globalization, this research discussed the limitations of the current renewable ratio emergy indicator, and put forward the ratio of total renewable based on import traced and proposed its calculation method, which provide a new perspective for emergy analysis. In addition, in order to evaluate the waste recycling and utilization, this research clearly reviewed the literature about byproduct transformity, and based on definition analysis and comparison of co-product, byproduct and split, a byproduct recycling emergy evaluation indicator is proposed. At last, the Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy evaluation indicator system is established. The indicator system composes three dimensions including system structure, function and performance to ensure its integrity, so that it has relatively high academic and practical value.
Thirdly, based on the methodological characteristics of emergy analysis and evaluation indicator characteristics analysis, this research put forward the critical barrier recognition method and optimization path for Complex Industrial Ecosystem. Then, by using scenario analysis, the critical emergy flow changes after any optimization program is clarified and diagramed, based on this, the evaluation indicator system and selection framework for optimal programs are further proposed. This evaluation indicator system and selection framework have not only expanded the emergy research field, but also could provide theoretical basis and advanced decision-making to help the government to promote environmental management and ecological construction.
Finally, Dalian Economic and Technology Development Zone is selected for case study. In accordance with the Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy analysis framework, the emergy analysis, evaluation and optimization are carried out. The case study demonstrates the reasonability, effectiveness and operability of the whole Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy analysis framework, evaluation indicator system and optimization path design and optimal programs selection framework.
作为环境核算领域的重要方法之一,能值分析是复合产业生态系统分析和评价的有力工具。能值分析具有一套独特的理论和方法体系,它能够将所有不同类别的物质、能量换算为统一的量纲——“太阳能值”,从而为环境经济绩效的评价带来了极大助益；此外,能值理论是基于生物圈内物质和能量流动规律而建立的,更能够反映资源和环境服务真实价值。
基于此,本文选择以复合产业生态系统为主要研究对象,以能值分析作为重要研究方法,开展复合产业生态系统可持续发展评价方法和优化路径研究,以期为政府提高工业园区环境经济绩效和转变经济发展方式提供决策支持。
首先,通过理论分析,从能值角度探讨复合产业生态系统基本特性和规律,构建了复合产业生态系统的能值分析框架；通过理论研究和文献研究,剖析了能值转换率应用于本地复合产业生态系统的适宜性,以问题为导向提出了面向复合产业生态系统的能值转换率优化方法,并以案例研究验证了方法的可操作性和有效性。
其次,针对经济全球化背景下的工业系统资源优化配置已经突破地域约束限制这-现状,探讨了现有的能值可更新资源比率指标在表达外部物质可更新性上的局限问题,并据此提出了基于外部投入追踪的可更新评价指标及其计算方法,为能值分析提供了-个新的视角；为评价系统内废弃物循环资源利用水平,对现有的副产品能值转换率相关研究进行了系统性的全面梳理,通过联产品、副产品和下脚料等概念分析和对比,深化了对副产品能值累积过程的认知,提出副产品循环利用能值评价指标。在此基础上,构建了复合产业生态系统能值评价指标体系,从系统结构、系统功能、系统绩效三个维度,确保了评价指标体系的完整性,具有较高的理论研究参考价值和实践应用价值。
再次,通过对能值分析方法特点和能值评价指标特征的解析,提出了复合产业生态系统关键障碍的辨识方法及相应的优化路径,在此基础上,引入情景分析,梳理了优化方案实施前后的关键能值流变动模式,建立了优化方案的评价指标体系,并进一步提出了优化方案的选择框架。该评价指标体系和评价框架从方法论角度对系统优化领域的能值研究进行了拓展,为政府推动环境管理和生态建设提供理论依据和决策参考。
最后,选取大连市经济技术开发区为案例,按照复合产业生态系统的能值分析框架,对其开展了系统的能值分析、评价和优化,并较好地证明了复合产业生态系统能值分析框架、能值评价指标体系以及优化路径设计和优化方案选择框架的合理性、科学性、有效性和可操作性。
Industrial park is the most important carrier of industrialization. With the continuous development and growth, as well as the great suffering from pressure of resource depetion, environmental pollution and market competition, Chinese government began to focus on the environmental management for industrial parks and try to guide their transformation towards to Eco-industrial Park model, called "complex industrial ecosystem". However, neither the environmental management, nor the transformation is a quick sale, the resource consumption and environmental pollution from industrial park is still serious. It is a big challenge that how to evaluate and optimize the development of industrial park in such a sustainable background for both research and practice.
As a key method in the field of environmental accounting, Emergy Analysis is very valuable for systematic analysis and evaluation. Since Emergy Analysis is sourcing from a unique theory and methodology, it could convert all different types of material and energy to the same unit, the "solar value", thus bring great benefit to environmental loading accounting and environmental-economic performance evaluation. Besides, Emergy Theory is established based on the material and energy flows principle of the biosphere, therefore, it reflects the real value of resource and environmental services.
This thesis takes Complex Industrial Ecosystem as main research objective and Emergy Theory as main research method to explore the scientific sustainable development evaluation method and optimization path for Complex Industrial Ecosystem, hoping to provide decision support for the government to improve industrial parks'environmental and economic performance and promote transformation of economic development.
Firstly, through the theory analysis from the view of Emergy, the basic characteristic and rules of Complex Industrial Ecosystem are recovered and an Emergy Analysis Framework is established. Based on the theoretical analysis and literature research, the research analyzed the causes of suitability problem in the locally transformity application procedure, and then oriented by the problem, the transformity optimization method facing Complex Industrial Ecosystem is put forward, and a further case study verified its operability and effectiveness.
Secondly, considering the industrial resources allocation has broken the geographical constraints in the background of economic globalization, this research discussed the limitations of the current renewable ratio emergy indicator, and put forward the ratio of total renewable based on import traced and proposed its calculation method, which provide a new perspective for emergy analysis. In addition, in order to evaluate the waste recycling and utilization, this research clearly reviewed the literature about byproduct transformity, and based on definition analysis and comparison of co-product, byproduct and split, a byproduct recycling emergy evaluation indicator is proposed. At last, the Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy evaluation indicator system is established. The indicator system composes three dimensions including system structure, function and performance to ensure its integrity, so that it has relatively high academic and practical value.
Thirdly, based on the methodological characteristics of emergy analysis and evaluation indicator characteristics analysis, this research put forward the critical barrier recognition method and optimization path for Complex Industrial Ecosystem. Then, by using scenario analysis, the critical emergy flow changes after any optimization program is clarified and diagramed, based on this, the evaluation indicator system and selection framework for optimal programs are further proposed. This evaluation indicator system and selection framework have not only expanded the emergy research field, but also could provide theoretical basis and advanced decision-making to help the government to promote environmental management and ecological construction.
Finally, Dalian Economic and Technology Development Zone is selected for case study. In accordance with the Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy analysis framework, the emergy analysis, evaluation and optimization are carried out. The case study demonstrates the reasonability, effectiveness and operability of the whole Complex Industrial Ecosystem emergy analysis framework, evaluation indicator system and optimization path design and optimal programs selection framework.
引文
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