软件缺陷混沌分形描述与软件质量进化度量的研究
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摘要
随着复杂性科学研究的深入和软件复杂性的增加,软件质量作为软件工程中的难题之一,它的复杂性研究将成为一种必然。本文系统地综述了近年相关的研究成果以后,利用混沌分形理论对软件缺陷的分形生长规律进行了描述。然后,利用现代系统论对软件缺陷产生的内因进行了分析,并利用灰色理论和模糊数学设计出一种新的软件质量进化度量的过程方法。
本文在理论研究方面取得了一些成果,具体内容包括:
通过软件缺陷分形生长实验,抽象出软件缺陷分形生长数学模型。推导出受限和非受限环境中软件缺陷第n次迭代的软件缺陷分枝数公式,进而推导出软件不同开发阶段的软件缺陷总数公式和整个软件过程的软件缺陷总数公式。绘制出软件缺陷生长“达尔文树”,并就软件缺陷“继续生长”与“停止生长”的几种情况进行了讨论,还对各阶段停止生长的缺陷数进行了估计。另外,还描述了软件缺陷被拉伸分叉的混沌迭代过程,归纳出软件缺陷对初值敏感、稠密和分维的混沌特性。
软件系统级研究说明:环境改变会导致软件某些缺陷显现,软件缺陷具有动态性、可变性和相对性。软件缺陷产生的原因是软件负熵值增加不够,软件不完善所致。软件的自组织和有序化程度越高,缺陷越少。软件过程缺陷对软件开发稳定性具有潜在的影响,其中,软件过程的序参量对软件开发成败具有决定性的作用。
本文提出了一种新的软件工程方法“竞赛软件工程”,这是一个软件质量进化度量的过程框架。为度量这个进化过程,作者推导出灰序列凸凹性判断公式和收敛阶公式,并设计出计算判别法和图解判别法。该灰色方法是一个有限序列小样本的分析方法,它不仅可以用于凸凹单个序列的收敛速度判断,也可以用于一般情况(不规则曲线)的单个序列的收敛速度判断,而且,它还可以用于多个序列的收敛速度判断和相互比较,以及在其它领域的数值分析。另外,还推导出软件过程监理模糊评价公式组和软件过程模糊评价公式组。本文还设计出软件质量进化度量过程原型。对比实验显示,该方法对改进软件质量是有益的。
With the development of complexity research and the increase of software complexity, it will become an inexorable trend how to use complexity theory to study the complexity of software quality, which is one of the difficult problems in the field of software engineering. After the summaries of the related researches in the field, this dissertation gives the fractal growing description of software defects by the chaotic-fractal theory, and uses the modern systems theory to analyze the internal causes of software defect emergence at the level of software system, and designs the process method of evolutional metrics of software quality by the grey theory and fuzzy theory.This dissertation achieves the research results in theory as follows.It abstracts the mathematical description through a fractal growing experiment of software defects, and gives the formula of software defect number of the n-th time iteration, and draws the Darwin Tree of software defect growth during an entire software process, and describes the chaotic process of iteratively stretched and folded fork and sums up the chaotic characteristics of to-initial-value-sensibility, density and self-similar-dimension of software defects.At software system level, the research results of this dissertation show that environmental changes make some software defects appear, which are dynamic, changeable and relative, and the internal causes of software defect emergence is that negative entropy of software is inadequate and software is imperfect, and software defects are less if software self-organization and orderliness are more perfect, and there is implicit influence from software defects with the stabilization of software development during its process while the order parameters during software process play a key role.This dissertation initiates a new software engineering method "Emulative software engineering", which is a process framework of software quality evolutional metrics based on the software quality PDCA ring. In order to measure the evolutional process, the judgment formula of convex-concave and convergence power of evolutional grey sequence are deduced, and the computation and graph methods of
evolutional grey iteration are designed. This grey method is an analysis one for small sample finite sequence, which can be used for judging the convergence rate of a convex-concave sequence, or an irregular curve sequence, or several irregular curve sequences, and for comparing one with another, and can be also employed in other field. In addition, the fuzzy evaluative formula for software process supervision and software process improvement are also deduced. The contrast experiments show that the above evolutional method is obviously helpful to software process improvement.
本文在理论研究方面取得了一些成果,具体内容包括:
通过软件缺陷分形生长实验,抽象出软件缺陷分形生长数学模型。推导出受限和非受限环境中软件缺陷第n次迭代的软件缺陷分枝数公式,进而推导出软件不同开发阶段的软件缺陷总数公式和整个软件过程的软件缺陷总数公式。绘制出软件缺陷生长“达尔文树”,并就软件缺陷“继续生长”与“停止生长”的几种情况进行了讨论,还对各阶段停止生长的缺陷数进行了估计。另外,还描述了软件缺陷被拉伸分叉的混沌迭代过程,归纳出软件缺陷对初值敏感、稠密和分维的混沌特性。
软件系统级研究说明:环境改变会导致软件某些缺陷显现,软件缺陷具有动态性、可变性和相对性。软件缺陷产生的原因是软件负熵值增加不够,软件不完善所致。软件的自组织和有序化程度越高,缺陷越少。软件过程缺陷对软件开发稳定性具有潜在的影响,其中,软件过程的序参量对软件开发成败具有决定性的作用。
本文提出了一种新的软件工程方法“竞赛软件工程”,这是一个软件质量进化度量的过程框架。为度量这个进化过程,作者推导出灰序列凸凹性判断公式和收敛阶公式,并设计出计算判别法和图解判别法。该灰色方法是一个有限序列小样本的分析方法,它不仅可以用于凸凹单个序列的收敛速度判断,也可以用于一般情况(不规则曲线)的单个序列的收敛速度判断,而且,它还可以用于多个序列的收敛速度判断和相互比较,以及在其它领域的数值分析。另外,还推导出软件过程监理模糊评价公式组和软件过程模糊评价公式组。本文还设计出软件质量进化度量过程原型。对比实验显示,该方法对改进软件质量是有益的。
With the development of complexity research and the increase of software complexity, it will become an inexorable trend how to use complexity theory to study the complexity of software quality, which is one of the difficult problems in the field of software engineering. After the summaries of the related researches in the field, this dissertation gives the fractal growing description of software defects by the chaotic-fractal theory, and uses the modern systems theory to analyze the internal causes of software defect emergence at the level of software system, and designs the process method of evolutional metrics of software quality by the grey theory and fuzzy theory.This dissertation achieves the research results in theory as follows.It abstracts the mathematical description through a fractal growing experiment of software defects, and gives the formula of software defect number of the n-th time iteration, and draws the Darwin Tree of software defect growth during an entire software process, and describes the chaotic process of iteratively stretched and folded fork and sums up the chaotic characteristics of to-initial-value-sensibility, density and self-similar-dimension of software defects.At software system level, the research results of this dissertation show that environmental changes make some software defects appear, which are dynamic, changeable and relative, and the internal causes of software defect emergence is that negative entropy of software is inadequate and software is imperfect, and software defects are less if software self-organization and orderliness are more perfect, and there is implicit influence from software defects with the stabilization of software development during its process while the order parameters during software process play a key role.This dissertation initiates a new software engineering method "Emulative software engineering", which is a process framework of software quality evolutional metrics based on the software quality PDCA ring. In order to measure the evolutional process, the judgment formula of convex-concave and convergence power of evolutional grey sequence are deduced, and the computation and graph methods of
evolutional grey iteration are designed. This grey method is an analysis one for small sample finite sequence, which can be used for judging the convergence rate of a convex-concave sequence, or an irregular curve sequence, or several irregular curve sequences, and for comparing one with another, and can be also employed in other field. In addition, the fuzzy evaluative formula for software process supervision and software process improvement are also deduced. The contrast experiments show that the above evolutional method is obviously helpful to software process improvement.
引文
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