交叠隧道施工中的爆破影响研究
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摘要
爆破工程技术大量应用于边坡工程,隧道施工以及矿山采掘等工程项目。在工程实施过程中炸药爆破产生的爆破地震波影响了原有施工环境内的围岩的稳定性,严重的还会对周围的既有构筑物产生破坏性影响。研究工程爆破的爆破振动特性,制定切实可行的施工爆破方案,控制爆破振动对环境的影响性不仅可以保证工程顺利进行,还能加快工程进度,既节约了成本,又提高了工作效率。
本文以南山隧道工程项目作为研究背景,针对该隧道的实际施工环境,在借鉴以往同类工程爆破设计的基础上,制定处适宜的爆破施工方案,通过现场试爆结合有限元软件MIDAS/GTS模拟隧道爆破效果,预测爆破振动的危险性。结合现场监测和数值模拟优化爆破设计,提出了控制爆破振动的具体措施,为工程施工提出了可贵的参考意见。通过南山隧道爆破振动规律的研究以及爆破设计和分析得出以下主要结论:
1.在前人研究成果的基础上,对岩石爆破工程中连续装药结构的不同起爆方式进行了理论研究并推导相关公式,分析了炸药爆破作用机理以及装药方式对爆破的影响;研究了岩石破碎的各种模型的优缺点。
2.根据爆破现场岩石的力学性质,制定出适合的爆破方案;通过现场试爆,分析现场采集的爆破地震波,确定爆破方案的合理性。结果表明:地震波的衰减规律和爆源成正相关;隧道爆破的振动最大部位在隧道边墙位置,质点最大垂直振速为6.98 cm/s,主振频率为59.68Hz。各监测点的速度值均没有超过了设计标准值。
3.运用动力有限元程序软件MIDAS/GTS仿真模拟南山隧道爆破施工,得出以下结论:隧道爆破冲击波对既有隧道迎爆侧拱顶位置的影响最大,该位置的垂直方向振动速度、振动位移值都大过同一时段的其他部位的相应值,因此认为既有隧道迎爆侧拱顶位置是主要承受爆破荷载区域。既有隧道拱顶主要以垂直振动为主,其最大垂直振速大于水平振速,最大值为6.7732cm/s。
4.对爆破振动现场监测数据和数值模拟结果进行对比分析,得出一些结论:质点振速随爆心距的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而质点受到的应力叠加没有产生荷载损失,所以其位移受爆心距影响较小。靠近约束边界的节点的垂直和水平方向位移都产生较大变化,垂直方向反方向的位移明显小于正方向;越靠近爆源的节点的加速度值衰减越快,振荡起伏越强烈。
Rock blasting is widely used in slope construction, tunneling and mining areas of the construction.In the project implementation process of blasting seismic waves affect the stability of rock ,and will produce severe damage to existing structures. Based on construction environmental conditions of Nanshan tunnel, Studied the tunnel blasting vibration effects on the lower part of the tunnel, and put forward blasting vibration control methods. It has become an urgent problem to be solved in construction blasting, which included reducing the quantities of explosives, reducing rock damage, effective conducting blasting.
Simulated tunnel blasting vibration to optimize the design of the blasting program, in-depth study explosives in rock blasting laws in overlapping tunnel construction process based on finite element program MIDAS/GTS in this paper. Here are some conclusions:
(1) Researched a variety of rock blasting theory and mechanism and different detonation manner of charging structure; derived the relevant equations, analyzed the blasting mechanism and the charge blasting methods; studied advantages and disadvantage of various rock crushings models.based on the results of previous studies.
(2) Develop a program for blasting under the mechanical properties of rock blasting site; analyzed blasting seismic wave field data to determine the reasonableness of blasting program through field tests,. results show that the closer seismic waves from the explosion source the faster attenuated, the farther away from the explosion source, the more slowly seismic wave attenuation; the position of wall is the largest velocity inside the tunnel , the maximum vertical velocity of the particle is 6.98 cm/s, the master oscillator frequency is 59.68Hz. The speed of each monitoring point values are not exceeded the design standard value.
(3) Used dynamic finite element software MIDAS / GTS simulated tunnel blasting. Results show that: the vault position facing the blasting side is the most dangerous parts of the existing tunnel, whose vertical vibration velocity and displacement values were significantly higher than other parts, is mainly exposed to the blast loading area. The existing tunnel vault is mainly affected by vertical vibration, its maximum vertical velocity is greater than the level of velocity. The maximum value is 6.7732 cm/s.
(4) Compared and analysis the field monitoring data and simulation results of blasting vibration. Here are some conclusions: particle velocity increases with the explosion center distance increases firstly and then decreased, the stress of particles are superimposed but its load does not lost, so its displacement have very little change. Both the vertical and horizontal displacement of nodes near the constraint boundary have a greater changes, the opposite direction of the vertical displacement is smaller than the positive direction; when a node near the explosion source, the faster its acceleration values attenuation, the more oscillation intense.
本文以南山隧道工程项目作为研究背景,针对该隧道的实际施工环境,在借鉴以往同类工程爆破设计的基础上,制定处适宜的爆破施工方案,通过现场试爆结合有限元软件MIDAS/GTS模拟隧道爆破效果,预测爆破振动的危险性。结合现场监测和数值模拟优化爆破设计,提出了控制爆破振动的具体措施,为工程施工提出了可贵的参考意见。通过南山隧道爆破振动规律的研究以及爆破设计和分析得出以下主要结论:
1.在前人研究成果的基础上,对岩石爆破工程中连续装药结构的不同起爆方式进行了理论研究并推导相关公式,分析了炸药爆破作用机理以及装药方式对爆破的影响;研究了岩石破碎的各种模型的优缺点。
2.根据爆破现场岩石的力学性质,制定出适合的爆破方案;通过现场试爆,分析现场采集的爆破地震波,确定爆破方案的合理性。结果表明:地震波的衰减规律和爆源成正相关;隧道爆破的振动最大部位在隧道边墙位置,质点最大垂直振速为6.98 cm/s,主振频率为59.68Hz。各监测点的速度值均没有超过了设计标准值。
3.运用动力有限元程序软件MIDAS/GTS仿真模拟南山隧道爆破施工,得出以下结论:隧道爆破冲击波对既有隧道迎爆侧拱顶位置的影响最大,该位置的垂直方向振动速度、振动位移值都大过同一时段的其他部位的相应值,因此认为既有隧道迎爆侧拱顶位置是主要承受爆破荷载区域。既有隧道拱顶主要以垂直振动为主,其最大垂直振速大于水平振速,最大值为6.7732cm/s。
4.对爆破振动现场监测数据和数值模拟结果进行对比分析,得出一些结论:质点振速随爆心距的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而质点受到的应力叠加没有产生荷载损失,所以其位移受爆心距影响较小。靠近约束边界的节点的垂直和水平方向位移都产生较大变化,垂直方向反方向的位移明显小于正方向;越靠近爆源的节点的加速度值衰减越快,振荡起伏越强烈。
Rock blasting is widely used in slope construction, tunneling and mining areas of the construction.In the project implementation process of blasting seismic waves affect the stability of rock ,and will produce severe damage to existing structures. Based on construction environmental conditions of Nanshan tunnel, Studied the tunnel blasting vibration effects on the lower part of the tunnel, and put forward blasting vibration control methods. It has become an urgent problem to be solved in construction blasting, which included reducing the quantities of explosives, reducing rock damage, effective conducting blasting.
Simulated tunnel blasting vibration to optimize the design of the blasting program, in-depth study explosives in rock blasting laws in overlapping tunnel construction process based on finite element program MIDAS/GTS in this paper. Here are some conclusions:
(1) Researched a variety of rock blasting theory and mechanism and different detonation manner of charging structure; derived the relevant equations, analyzed the blasting mechanism and the charge blasting methods; studied advantages and disadvantage of various rock crushings models.based on the results of previous studies.
(2) Develop a program for blasting under the mechanical properties of rock blasting site; analyzed blasting seismic wave field data to determine the reasonableness of blasting program through field tests,. results show that the closer seismic waves from the explosion source the faster attenuated, the farther away from the explosion source, the more slowly seismic wave attenuation; the position of wall is the largest velocity inside the tunnel , the maximum vertical velocity of the particle is 6.98 cm/s, the master oscillator frequency is 59.68Hz. The speed of each monitoring point values are not exceeded the design standard value.
(3) Used dynamic finite element software MIDAS / GTS simulated tunnel blasting. Results show that: the vault position facing the blasting side is the most dangerous parts of the existing tunnel, whose vertical vibration velocity and displacement values were significantly higher than other parts, is mainly exposed to the blast loading area. The existing tunnel vault is mainly affected by vertical vibration, its maximum vertical velocity is greater than the level of velocity. The maximum value is 6.7732 cm/s.
(4) Compared and analysis the field monitoring data and simulation results of blasting vibration. Here are some conclusions: particle velocity increases with the explosion center distance increases firstly and then decreased, the stress of particles are superimposed but its load does not lost, so its displacement have very little change. Both the vertical and horizontal displacement of nodes near the constraint boundary have a greater changes, the opposite direction of the vertical displacement is smaller than the positive direction; when a node near the explosion source, the faster its acceleration values attenuation, the more oscillation intense.
引文
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[2]贾光辉,王志军等.爆破地震波对地下结构物的影响仿真研究[J].华北工学院学报.2001(6):445-445.
[3]赵明阶,叶晓明等.工程爆破振动信号分析中的小波方法.重庆交通学院学报.1999, 65(9):162-167.
[4]吴立等.爆破地震效应的实质及其安全距离和破坏标准[J].地质勘探安全.1999, (2):21-23.
[5]边克信.爆破地震对地下构筑物的影响[J].有色金属.1981(6): 25-36.
[6]朱瑞赓,李铮.爆炸地震波作用下隧道的安全距离问题[J].地下工程. 1981(4): 26-33.
[7]李铮,朱瑞赓等.爆炸地震波振速的特征系数与衰减指数的研究[J].爆炸与冲击. 1986 (3):221-229
[8] Verruijt A,Booker J R. Surface Settlements due to Deformation of a Tunnel in an Elastic Half Plane. Geotechnique.1996,46(4):753～756.
[9] Resendiz D,Romo M P.Settlement upon soft ground tunneling.Theoretical solution.1981,65～74.
[10] HisatakeM.Three dimensional surface subsidence caused by tunneldriving[A].In:Balkema A, Elsenstein Z., Processing of the Fourth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomethanicals[C].Rotterdam.982:551～559.
[11]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学.2005,26(6):964-967.
[12]尹旅超,朱振宏等译.日本隧道盾构新技术[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1997:68～69.
[13]阳生权,周健,刘宝深.爆破震动作用下公路隧道动力特性分析[J].岩石力学工程学报.2005,24(增2):5803-5807.
[14] R.B.Peck.Deep excavations and tunneling in soft groud.State of the art report 7th Int.Cont.On Soil Mech.and Fdn Eng,Mexico City:225～290.
[15] Attewell P B.An overview of site investigation and long term tunneling-induduced settlement in soil.Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication,1988,5:55～61.
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