大型转炉炉体汽雾冷却机理及功效的研究
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摘要
抑制炉壳变形已成为世界钢铁界亟待解决的课题。炉壳变形的直接原因是工作温度过高,故强化炉体传热降低炉壳温度是有效抑制炉壳变形的途径之一。本文从理论和实验两个方面,对炉体雾化水射流强化传热(简称为炉体汽雾冷却)进行了系统研究。主要工作及创新点如下:
1.对转炉应用Hi-Vap汽雾冷却系统的冷却机理、炉体传热强化、控温原则、炉壳应力状态、专用设备(特别是雾化喷嘴)工作行为及工作参数等方面进行了系统研究。这些研究及所取得的成果在国内尚属首次。
2.通过对多参数影响下炉体雾化水射流强化传热特性的实验研究,推导出计算炉体汽雾冷却换热系数的实验公式,该公式的适用范围覆盖了炉体汽雾冷却的工业使用范围。同时,对炉体汽雾冷却机理进行了分析,指出换热强化程度主要取决于能否在炉壳表面有效地形成连续的液膜。为炉体汽雾冷却的研究和工程实践提供了理论依据。
3.实现了汽雾冷却条件下大型转炉炉体瞬态温度场的三维有限元仿真。研究了该条件下炉体瞬态温度场的分布及变化规律。研究表明,汽雾冷却条件下炉壳温度呈“锯齿形”波动——降温速度快,升温较慢。平均降温速度为2～2.5℃/min。运用汽雾冷却技术,可将炉壳温度控制在材料热蠕变温度(约400℃)以下。
4.完成了炉体在汽雾冷却条件下热弹塑性应力的多参数耦合非线性三维有限元模拟。研究了该条件下炉体综合热应力分布及变化规律。研究表明,炉壳综合热应力与温度变化紧密相关,二者相位差为180°。冷却前后,冷却区炉壳的综合热应力增长约1.2～1.3倍。指出冷却强度应控制在合理的范围,否则将导致炉壳发生塑性变形。
5.对Hi-Vap汽雾冷却技术进行了详细的参数测试及分析,并对汽雾冷却条件下炉壳温度及变形进行了测量和分析,从工程实际验证了炉体汽雾冷却的功效及理论研究成果的正确性。
Preventing distortion of the steel shell of the converter has been a hot point project in today’s research on steelmaking in the world. The main reason of distortion is that the shell has worked at elevated temperature. One potential solution in reducing the shell temperature is the use of an evaporative cooling device- Hi-Vap cooling system. In this paper, the mechanisms and effects of spray cooling of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) were studied. They are mainly as follows:
1.Studyed here were the cooling mechanisms, heat transfer, temperature control principle, effects on shell’s mechanical character, the behavior of the spray nozzle and working parameters of Hi-Vap spray cooling system. This is the first domestic study on spray cooling of large converter.
2.The steady state experiment with multi-parameters on the characteristics of heat transfer has been finished. A new formula of heat transaction coefficient (HTC) was derived based on empirical method and it is widely suitable for the spray cooling system applied to converter. It is found that covering the shell body with liquid film continuously is the key factor affecting the cooling intensity. It provides theoretical foundation for practical use of spray cooling system in BOF shell.
3.The instant-temperature-field FEA model for the converter has been established. The distributions and variations of the instant-temperature-field of spray cooling were evaluated. It is found that the shell temperature line is a zigzag line-it goes down fast, goes up slowly. The average cooling velocity is 2~2.5℃/min. With spray cooling system, the shell temperature can be controlled under material’s creeping temperature(about 400℃).
4.A FEA model has been established for multi-parameter-coupled nonlinear computation applied to the converter with Hi-vap cooling device. It was the first time to study the level and distribution law of thermal stress and its relation with heat transfer. It is pointed that the compositive thermal stress of shell changes with the temperature, and the phase between them is
1.对转炉应用Hi-Vap汽雾冷却系统的冷却机理、炉体传热强化、控温原则、炉壳应力状态、专用设备(特别是雾化喷嘴)工作行为及工作参数等方面进行了系统研究。这些研究及所取得的成果在国内尚属首次。
2.通过对多参数影响下炉体雾化水射流强化传热特性的实验研究,推导出计算炉体汽雾冷却换热系数的实验公式,该公式的适用范围覆盖了炉体汽雾冷却的工业使用范围。同时,对炉体汽雾冷却机理进行了分析,指出换热强化程度主要取决于能否在炉壳表面有效地形成连续的液膜。为炉体汽雾冷却的研究和工程实践提供了理论依据。
3.实现了汽雾冷却条件下大型转炉炉体瞬态温度场的三维有限元仿真。研究了该条件下炉体瞬态温度场的分布及变化规律。研究表明,汽雾冷却条件下炉壳温度呈“锯齿形”波动——降温速度快,升温较慢。平均降温速度为2～2.5℃/min。运用汽雾冷却技术,可将炉壳温度控制在材料热蠕变温度(约400℃)以下。
4.完成了炉体在汽雾冷却条件下热弹塑性应力的多参数耦合非线性三维有限元模拟。研究了该条件下炉体综合热应力分布及变化规律。研究表明,炉壳综合热应力与温度变化紧密相关,二者相位差为180°。冷却前后,冷却区炉壳的综合热应力增长约1.2～1.3倍。指出冷却强度应控制在合理的范围,否则将导致炉壳发生塑性变形。
5.对Hi-Vap汽雾冷却技术进行了详细的参数测试及分析,并对汽雾冷却条件下炉壳温度及变形进行了测量和分析,从工程实际验证了炉体汽雾冷却的功效及理论研究成果的正确性。
Preventing distortion of the steel shell of the converter has been a hot point project in today’s research on steelmaking in the world. The main reason of distortion is that the shell has worked at elevated temperature. One potential solution in reducing the shell temperature is the use of an evaporative cooling device- Hi-Vap cooling system. In this paper, the mechanisms and effects of spray cooling of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) were studied. They are mainly as follows:
1.Studyed here were the cooling mechanisms, heat transfer, temperature control principle, effects on shell’s mechanical character, the behavior of the spray nozzle and working parameters of Hi-Vap spray cooling system. This is the first domestic study on spray cooling of large converter.
2.The steady state experiment with multi-parameters on the characteristics of heat transfer has been finished. A new formula of heat transaction coefficient (HTC) was derived based on empirical method and it is widely suitable for the spray cooling system applied to converter. It is found that covering the shell body with liquid film continuously is the key factor affecting the cooling intensity. It provides theoretical foundation for practical use of spray cooling system in BOF shell.
3.The instant-temperature-field FEA model for the converter has been established. The distributions and variations of the instant-temperature-field of spray cooling were evaluated. It is found that the shell temperature line is a zigzag line-it goes down fast, goes up slowly. The average cooling velocity is 2~2.5℃/min. With spray cooling system, the shell temperature can be controlled under material’s creeping temperature(about 400℃).
4.A FEA model has been established for multi-parameter-coupled nonlinear computation applied to the converter with Hi-vap cooling device. It was the first time to study the level and distribution law of thermal stress and its relation with heat transfer. It is pointed that the compositive thermal stress of shell changes with the temperature, and the phase between them is
引文
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