转炉全悬挂倾动装置设计优化及倾动力矩分析
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摘要
倾动装置是转炉炼钢主要的机械设备,用于炉体的平稳倾动及准确定位,并完成转炉兑铁水、出钢、加料、修炉等一系列工艺操作。倾动装置作业负荷的特点是低速、重载、正反转、频繁启制动、强烈冲击,承受较大的动负荷,工作条件恶劣。因此如何提高该设备的可靠性和使用方便性,一直是业界研究的重要课题。本文采用几何建模、数值计算与计算机分析及现场试验的方法,结合转炉的实际工作状况,对复杂的四点啮合倾动机构的传动系统进行分析,找出传统型倾动装置在结构上存在的不足,对转炉倾动装置的结构进行分析优化,探讨传动系统齿轮温度及传动热效率分析计算方法,分析倾动机构发生摆动的原因、计算转倾动力矩曲线,旨在提高倾动装置的整体性能,确保其倾动运行可靠性。具体研究内容如下：
(1)应用Autocad和Pro/E软件进行转炉倾动装置的几何建模和结构分析。分析了转炉倾动机构的设计原则、基本设计参数、几种基本结构和配置形式以及倾动机构的驱动和传动形式。
(2)合理地分配了转炉倾动装置各级齿轮传动比的范围,建立了倾动装置的优化设计数学模型。倾动机构传动系结构复杂,设计参数多,对其数学模型的优化求解问题,编制Matlab程序进行求解。
(3)倾动力矩是转炉倾动机构设计的重要参数,计算它的目的是确定额定倾动力矩值,作为倾动机构设计的依据。对转炉空炉重量及重心位置、不同角度时的炉液重心、及转炉倾动力矩和转动惯量进行了计算,分析了转炉倾动力矩曲线变化规律及其影响因素,并探讨了转炉倾动机构的扭转振动及其抑制措施。
(4)采用积分温度法原理,进行了齿轮齿面胶合承载能力计算；研究了减速箱内齿轮啮合过程中由于摩擦产生的热量、轴承摩擦产生的热量和齿轮搅动润滑油产生的热量。编制了相应的计算机分析软件。
(5)分析了杭钢1#转炉转动时,倾动装置耳轴中心呈圆形轨迹的生成原因。验算了转炉托圈耳轴回转摆动、减速机偏摆、扭力杆止动装置间隙的数值,以期为转炉倾动装置的使用提供实践参考。
Tilting device is the main steel-making equipment, which is used for the smooth titled holding furnace and accurate positioning. A series of process operation, such as iron and steel converter confirmed, feeding, and so on, are completed by tilting device. Tilting device runs intermittently in low speed under huge loads, usually starts and stops at a low speed. Therefore, how to improve the reliability and convenience of the equipment, has been an important subject of industry research. In this paper, the transmission system of four-point meshed tilting device was analyzed by using geometric modeling, numerical calculation, computer analysis and field test methods. The disadvantages of traditional titled holding device in the structure were found. The optimization model of converter tilting device was established. The analysis and calculation method of gear temperature and transmission heat efficiency of the transmission system were given. The reasons of tilting machinery swing was analyzed. The tilting torque was calculated. The research is aimed to improve tilting equipment performance and ensure its tilting reliability. The main completed work is as follows:
(1) Geometric modeling and structure analysis of converter tilting device were implemented by using Autocad and Pro/E. The design principle, basic design parameters, several basic structure, configuration forms, driving and transmission form of tilting device were analyzed in detial.
(2) The ratios range of each gear transmission in converter tilting device was assigned reasonably and the system optimization model was set up. Matlab program was used to solve the optimization mathematical model.
(3)The tilting torque is an important parameter for converter tilting device design. The calculation aim is to determine the rated tilting torque for converter tilting device design. The converter empty furnace weight and its barycenter position, furnace liquid barycenter, tilting torque and rotational inertia were calculated. The change law of tilting torque curve and the influence factors were analyed. The torsional vibration of converter tilting device and its control measures were discussed.
(4) Gear tooth surface agglutination carrying capacity was calculated by using integral temperature method. The thermal efficiency analysis(gear meshing friction heat, bearings friction heat and lubricants heat) was researched. The computer analysis software was completed.
(5) The reason of trunnion moving along a circular path was analyzed. The data of rotary swing of converter trunnion, reducer deflection and interstice of torsion-bar retaining device are discussed, which provide a reference base to the application of tilting equipment in the plant.
(1)应用Autocad和Pro/E软件进行转炉倾动装置的几何建模和结构分析。分析了转炉倾动机构的设计原则、基本设计参数、几种基本结构和配置形式以及倾动机构的驱动和传动形式。
(2)合理地分配了转炉倾动装置各级齿轮传动比的范围,建立了倾动装置的优化设计数学模型。倾动机构传动系结构复杂,设计参数多,对其数学模型的优化求解问题,编制Matlab程序进行求解。
(3)倾动力矩是转炉倾动机构设计的重要参数,计算它的目的是确定额定倾动力矩值,作为倾动机构设计的依据。对转炉空炉重量及重心位置、不同角度时的炉液重心、及转炉倾动力矩和转动惯量进行了计算,分析了转炉倾动力矩曲线变化规律及其影响因素,并探讨了转炉倾动机构的扭转振动及其抑制措施。
(4)采用积分温度法原理,进行了齿轮齿面胶合承载能力计算；研究了减速箱内齿轮啮合过程中由于摩擦产生的热量、轴承摩擦产生的热量和齿轮搅动润滑油产生的热量。编制了相应的计算机分析软件。
(5)分析了杭钢1#转炉转动时,倾动装置耳轴中心呈圆形轨迹的生成原因。验算了转炉托圈耳轴回转摆动、减速机偏摆、扭力杆止动装置间隙的数值,以期为转炉倾动装置的使用提供实践参考。
Tilting device is the main steel-making equipment, which is used for the smooth titled holding furnace and accurate positioning. A series of process operation, such as iron and steel converter confirmed, feeding, and so on, are completed by tilting device. Tilting device runs intermittently in low speed under huge loads, usually starts and stops at a low speed. Therefore, how to improve the reliability and convenience of the equipment, has been an important subject of industry research. In this paper, the transmission system of four-point meshed tilting device was analyzed by using geometric modeling, numerical calculation, computer analysis and field test methods. The disadvantages of traditional titled holding device in the structure were found. The optimization model of converter tilting device was established. The analysis and calculation method of gear temperature and transmission heat efficiency of the transmission system were given. The reasons of tilting machinery swing was analyzed. The tilting torque was calculated. The research is aimed to improve tilting equipment performance and ensure its tilting reliability. The main completed work is as follows:
(1) Geometric modeling and structure analysis of converter tilting device were implemented by using Autocad and Pro/E. The design principle, basic design parameters, several basic structure, configuration forms, driving and transmission form of tilting device were analyzed in detial.
(2) The ratios range of each gear transmission in converter tilting device was assigned reasonably and the system optimization model was set up. Matlab program was used to solve the optimization mathematical model.
(3)The tilting torque is an important parameter for converter tilting device design. The calculation aim is to determine the rated tilting torque for converter tilting device design. The converter empty furnace weight and its barycenter position, furnace liquid barycenter, tilting torque and rotational inertia were calculated. The change law of tilting torque curve and the influence factors were analyed. The torsional vibration of converter tilting device and its control measures were discussed.
(4) Gear tooth surface agglutination carrying capacity was calculated by using integral temperature method. The thermal efficiency analysis(gear meshing friction heat, bearings friction heat and lubricants heat) was researched. The computer analysis software was completed.
(5) The reason of trunnion moving along a circular path was analyzed. The data of rotary swing of converter trunnion, reducer deflection and interstice of torsion-bar retaining device are discussed, which provide a reference base to the application of tilting equipment in the plant.
引文
[1]谭牧田.氧气转炉炼钢设备[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1983
[2]黄庆学.我国钢铁工业的新发展[J].重型机械,1995(2)：3-5
[3]庄文彬等.外国氧气顶吹转炉炼钢[M].第一版.北京：中国工业出版社,1964
[4]罗振才.炼钢机械[M].北京：冶金出版社,1995.
[5]潘毓淳.炼钢设备[M].北京：冶金出版社,1992.
[6]黄亚玲.转炉倾动机构传动系非线性优化设计及软件开发[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[7]Winter H, Michaclis K. Frebtrag fahigkeit von Stirnradgetriebe[J]n. Antriebstechnik,1975,14(7):405-409; (8):461-466
[8]Chen E S, Lautensleger R W, Brezny B. Themromeeh mechanical analysis of a 225-ton BOF vessel[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer,1993,12:43 51
[9]Goodmna N J, Dvaid Brown. Development of the Hi-Vap BOF cooling system[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1993,11:5255
[10]于阳.转炉炼钢新工艺,新技术与质量控制实用手册.北京：当代中国出版社,2005
[11]谭世泰.转炉近期发展概况[J].炼钢,1989(5)：49-53
[12]刘浏,余志祥,萧忠敏.转炉炼钢技术的发展与展望[J].中国冶金,2001(1)：17-24
[13]李永红.转炉倾动装置的改进设计[J].冶金设备,2006,12(6)：65-67
[14]李永红.新型转炉倾动装置的应用[J].冶金设备,2007,4(2)：62-64
[15]王承宽,王勇,李中金.我国转炉炼钢技术的发展[J].炼钢,2002(5)：55-57
[16]钟欣,詹志勇.CAD在计算转炉倾动力矩过程中的应用[J].鞍钢技术,2000,5：8·11
[17]焉永刚等.转炉倾动装置的改进[J].冶金设备,2003,12(6)：43-45
[18]于文妍.炼钢厂转炉托圈裂纹产生原因分析及改造措施.重型机械,2006,2：56-58
[19]杨彦宏,罗维忠.转炉倾动装置耳轴摆动故障原因.辽宁科技大学学报,2009,32(5)：
[20]吴林峰,吴凯,陈德亮等.转炉托圈温度应力的三维有限元分析.煤矿机械,2007,28(2)：68-69
[21]张玉忠.转炉倾动机构扭力杆的有限元分析.机械管理开发,2006,6：33-34
[22]陈宏伟,吴兆成,杨波等.转炉倾动点头及下滑现象产生原因与抑制方法的初步分析.莱钢科技,2008,1：62-65
[23]刘海宇,秦勤.220 t转炉倾动力矩偏大的原因分析.机械工程与自动化,2009,3：151-152
[24]李叶军,宋美娟,张爽,杭钢1号转炉倾动装置的摆动分析.杭钢1号转炉倾动装置的摆动分析[J].钢铁研究,2009,37(4)：37-40
[25]陈建新,李树强,王晓红等.转炉倾动声音异常原因分析及改进措施.河南冶金,2008,16(4)：39-41
[26]李文竹,庞兆夫,黄磊,等.转炉减速机齿轮轴断裂失效分析.物理测试,2008,26(1)：52-56
[27]邵文军,郭世红.全悬挂转炉倾动机构的动态仿真及缓冲弹簧调整.冶金设备,2009,177(5)：13-16
[28]张玉忠,王铁.转炉倾动装置的优化设计.机械传动,2006,30(5)：88-90
[29]马晓等.转炉托圈的应力计算与分析[J].冶金矿山与冶金设备,1997(6)：24-26
[30]杨久霞.转炉托圈应力的实验研究及有限元分析[D].鞍山钢铁学院,2000
[31]高满旭,王殿忠.转炉托圈机械应力和热应力的有限元计算与分析[J].重型机械,1996(4)：29-36
[32]刘景林.世界炼钢生产和镁质耐火材料的现状及其发展趋势[J].国外耐火材料,2002(4)：3-10
[33]黄建东.大型转炉炉体温度场研究[D].北京科技大学,2000.7
[34]秦勤.大型转炉炉壳空气喷吹机理研究[D].北京科技大学,2000
[35]刘翔.250t转炉倾动机[J].武钢技术,1999,37(2)：10-13
[36]张剑寒,方刚,黄其明.新型转炉系统整体结构三维有限元分析[J].计算机辅助工程.2009,18(3)：27-30
[37]章文超.转炉倾动力矩计算方法探讨[J].上海金属,2007,29(6)：47-51
[38]黄其明.转炉倾动的计算机分析及动态模拟[J].重型机械,2003,2：25-28
[39]闫金凯.转炉倾动电机协调控制技术研究[D].北京：北方工业大学,2010
[40]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[41]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[42]李绍彬.大型重载起重机减速器关键技术研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2007
[2]黄庆学.我国钢铁工业的新发展[J].重型机械,1995(2)：3-5
[3]庄文彬等.外国氧气顶吹转炉炼钢[M].第一版.北京：中国工业出版社,1964
[4]罗振才.炼钢机械[M].北京：冶金出版社,1995.
[5]潘毓淳.炼钢设备[M].北京：冶金出版社,1992.
[6]黄亚玲.转炉倾动机构传动系非线性优化设计及软件开发[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[7]Winter H, Michaclis K. Frebtrag fahigkeit von Stirnradgetriebe[J]n. Antriebstechnik,1975,14(7):405-409; (8):461-466
[8]Chen E S, Lautensleger R W, Brezny B. Themromeeh mechanical analysis of a 225-ton BOF vessel[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer,1993,12:43 51
[9]Goodmna N J, Dvaid Brown. Development of the Hi-Vap BOF cooling system[J]. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1993,11:5255
[10]于阳.转炉炼钢新工艺,新技术与质量控制实用手册.北京：当代中国出版社,2005
[11]谭世泰.转炉近期发展概况[J].炼钢,1989(5)：49-53
[12]刘浏,余志祥,萧忠敏.转炉炼钢技术的发展与展望[J].中国冶金,2001(1)：17-24
[13]李永红.转炉倾动装置的改进设计[J].冶金设备,2006,12(6)：65-67
[14]李永红.新型转炉倾动装置的应用[J].冶金设备,2007,4(2)：62-64
[15]王承宽,王勇,李中金.我国转炉炼钢技术的发展[J].炼钢,2002(5)：55-57
[16]钟欣,詹志勇.CAD在计算转炉倾动力矩过程中的应用[J].鞍钢技术,2000,5：8·11
[17]焉永刚等.转炉倾动装置的改进[J].冶金设备,2003,12(6)：43-45
[18]于文妍.炼钢厂转炉托圈裂纹产生原因分析及改造措施.重型机械,2006,2：56-58
[19]杨彦宏,罗维忠.转炉倾动装置耳轴摆动故障原因.辽宁科技大学学报,2009,32(5)：
[20]吴林峰,吴凯,陈德亮等.转炉托圈温度应力的三维有限元分析.煤矿机械,2007,28(2)：68-69
[21]张玉忠.转炉倾动机构扭力杆的有限元分析.机械管理开发,2006,6：33-34
[22]陈宏伟,吴兆成,杨波等.转炉倾动点头及下滑现象产生原因与抑制方法的初步分析.莱钢科技,2008,1：62-65
[23]刘海宇,秦勤.220 t转炉倾动力矩偏大的原因分析.机械工程与自动化,2009,3：151-152
[24]李叶军,宋美娟,张爽,杭钢1号转炉倾动装置的摆动分析.杭钢1号转炉倾动装置的摆动分析[J].钢铁研究,2009,37(4)：37-40
[25]陈建新,李树强,王晓红等.转炉倾动声音异常原因分析及改进措施.河南冶金,2008,16(4)：39-41
[26]李文竹,庞兆夫,黄磊,等.转炉减速机齿轮轴断裂失效分析.物理测试,2008,26(1)：52-56
[27]邵文军,郭世红.全悬挂转炉倾动机构的动态仿真及缓冲弹簧调整.冶金设备,2009,177(5)：13-16
[28]张玉忠,王铁.转炉倾动装置的优化设计.机械传动,2006,30(5)：88-90
[29]马晓等.转炉托圈的应力计算与分析[J].冶金矿山与冶金设备,1997(6)：24-26
[30]杨久霞.转炉托圈应力的实验研究及有限元分析[D].鞍山钢铁学院,2000
[31]高满旭,王殿忠.转炉托圈机械应力和热应力的有限元计算与分析[J].重型机械,1996(4)：29-36
[32]刘景林.世界炼钢生产和镁质耐火材料的现状及其发展趋势[J].国外耐火材料,2002(4)：3-10
[33]黄建东.大型转炉炉体温度场研究[D].北京科技大学,2000.7
[34]秦勤.大型转炉炉壳空气喷吹机理研究[D].北京科技大学,2000
[35]刘翔.250t转炉倾动机[J].武钢技术,1999,37(2)：10-13
[36]张剑寒,方刚,黄其明.新型转炉系统整体结构三维有限元分析[J].计算机辅助工程.2009,18(3)：27-30
[37]章文超.转炉倾动力矩计算方法探讨[J].上海金属,2007,29(6)：47-51
[38]黄其明.转炉倾动的计算机分析及动态模拟[J].重型机械,2003,2：25-28
[39]闫金凯.转炉倾动电机协调控制技术研究[D].北京：北方工业大学,2010
[40]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[41]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[42]李绍彬.大型重载起重机减速器关键技术研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2007