海船大型低速柴油机润滑油系统的建模设计
摘要
润滑油系统是船舶动力装置的重要组成部分。在设计中所要处理的诸多关系、查阅的大量图表、数据等，随着时代的发展更新很快，因此计算工作量非常大。以往对润滑油系统的设计多采用传统设计方法，它的特点是采用人工计算，速度慢、设计周期长；可供选择的设计方案有限，不可能得到真正的最优方案；有些计算靠人工也很难完成，并且计算中估计量、经验数据均较多，因而设计的精度不高、容易出错。
解决的方法是采用计算机辅助优化设计，好处是速度快、设计周期短；能根据设计要求，自动地、合理地计算各项参数，以达到最优设计目标，这就使对润滑油系统进行优化设计的软件的开发变得非常必要。
本课题阐述了最优化设计的概念，分析了最优化设计问题的数学基础，比较了约束多维问题的几种优化方法，选取了适合于润滑油系统的优化设计方式，并对该方式的概念、特点及其应注意的问题进行了较详细的分析；同时，结合海船低速柴油机润滑油系统的组成部件及其结构以及润滑油系统内部规律与其它管路系统、船舶主机的关系的分析，从经济性的角度，以设备初投资及其在一定年限内的耗能费最低为目标，建立了本系统优化设计的数学模型，确立了目标函数和约束条件。最后，基于Windows98操作平台，用面向对象的程序开发语言Visual．Basic6.0，结合实船进行了计算，验证了系统设计的可行性，同时，完成了本系统应用程序的开发。
整个系统具有较好的人机界面，能够提供直接与用户见面的数据处理界面和操作命令，能够集中统一地管理数据和完成打印工作，将相关的计算项目集合起来后，使用户能够直观、快捷地进行计算，从而可以大大提高效率。同时，通过选取不同表达式的目标函数，还能对不同冷却形式的润滑油系统进行计算，所以具有广阔的应用领域。
本课题所做的工作使得润滑油系统的优化设计在一定程度上上升为实实在在的应用软件，使得润滑油系统的计算机辅助优化设计从此变得实在可行，提高了设计的效率和精度。并且为开发其它管路系统的设计软件提供了借鉴对象，积累了宝贵的经验。
The lubricating system is the most important component of the shipping power installation. In its design much relation have to be dealt with, many chart have to be consulted, and the speed of the updating the large number of data is also very fast, which cause the workload of the design is specially great. Formerly the traditional design methods are often used in designing the lubricating system. Its disadvantages are obvious: low speed of manpower calculation, long design period, and only have limit designing scheme to be chosen so that it is impossible to found the genuine best scheme, some calculation can not to be done only by manpower and estimating data in the design are of excessive. All these cause the precision of design to be low.
The way to solve this problem is to introduce the computer aided optimize design. Its advantages include that the design speed is fast and that design period is short, and that it can calculate all the parameter automatically and possibly to attain the optical design goal according to the requirement of design. Thus it is highly necessary to develop the software for designing the lubricating system optically.
The concept of the optimize design is proposed and its mathematic foundation is analyzed in this paper. After comparing several optical calculation methods, the one that is suitable for the lubricating system is chosen and analyzed in detail about its concept, characteristic and some focal points. Meanwhile, combining with the analysis of the relationship among the parts and structure of marine low-speed diesel lubricating system, the internal disciplinary, other pipeline system and main engine, aiming at reducing the initial investment and the running cost in a certain years, the mathematic model of the system is built and the object function and subjected conditions are set up. This design is developed with Windows98 as its operating platform and VB its programming language. Finally, the feasibility of the design is illustrated based on the calculation on the
FEDERAL PESCODERS.
The whole systems have friendly human-computer interface. It can supply the user with the data process interface and operation command directly, and can manage the data and do the print work centrally and unitedly. It can assemble the related calculation items in order that the user can calculate straightly and quickly to enhance the efficient of choosing object functions with different expression, which cause the system have widely application field.
The work done in this task make the optimize design lubricating system change the idea and article into actual application software at the first time. Hence the computer aided optimize of lubricating system is turned into reality. The efficient and precision are enhanced too .It also supply the reference object for developing design software of other pipeline systems variable experience.
解决的方法是采用计算机辅助优化设计，好处是速度快、设计周期短；能根据设计要求，自动地、合理地计算各项参数，以达到最优设计目标，这就使对润滑油系统进行优化设计的软件的开发变得非常必要。
本课题阐述了最优化设计的概念，分析了最优化设计问题的数学基础，比较了约束多维问题的几种优化方法，选取了适合于润滑油系统的优化设计方式，并对该方式的概念、特点及其应注意的问题进行了较详细的分析；同时，结合海船低速柴油机润滑油系统的组成部件及其结构以及润滑油系统内部规律与其它管路系统、船舶主机的关系的分析，从经济性的角度，以设备初投资及其在一定年限内的耗能费最低为目标，建立了本系统优化设计的数学模型，确立了目标函数和约束条件。最后，基于Windows98操作平台，用面向对象的程序开发语言Visual．Basic6.0，结合实船进行了计算，验证了系统设计的可行性，同时，完成了本系统应用程序的开发。
整个系统具有较好的人机界面，能够提供直接与用户见面的数据处理界面和操作命令，能够集中统一地管理数据和完成打印工作，将相关的计算项目集合起来后，使用户能够直观、快捷地进行计算，从而可以大大提高效率。同时，通过选取不同表达式的目标函数，还能对不同冷却形式的润滑油系统进行计算，所以具有广阔的应用领域。
本课题所做的工作使得润滑油系统的优化设计在一定程度上上升为实实在在的应用软件，使得润滑油系统的计算机辅助优化设计从此变得实在可行，提高了设计的效率和精度。并且为开发其它管路系统的设计软件提供了借鉴对象，积累了宝贵的经验。
The lubricating system is the most important component of the shipping power installation. In its design much relation have to be dealt with, many chart have to be consulted, and the speed of the updating the large number of data is also very fast, which cause the workload of the design is specially great. Formerly the traditional design methods are often used in designing the lubricating system. Its disadvantages are obvious: low speed of manpower calculation, long design period, and only have limit designing scheme to be chosen so that it is impossible to found the genuine best scheme, some calculation can not to be done only by manpower and estimating data in the design are of excessive. All these cause the precision of design to be low.
The way to solve this problem is to introduce the computer aided optimize design. Its advantages include that the design speed is fast and that design period is short, and that it can calculate all the parameter automatically and possibly to attain the optical design goal according to the requirement of design. Thus it is highly necessary to develop the software for designing the lubricating system optically.
The concept of the optimize design is proposed and its mathematic foundation is analyzed in this paper. After comparing several optical calculation methods, the one that is suitable for the lubricating system is chosen and analyzed in detail about its concept, characteristic and some focal points. Meanwhile, combining with the analysis of the relationship among the parts and structure of marine low-speed diesel lubricating system, the internal disciplinary, other pipeline system and main engine, aiming at reducing the initial investment and the running cost in a certain years, the mathematic model of the system is built and the object function and subjected conditions are set up. This design is developed with Windows98 as its operating platform and VB its programming language. Finally, the feasibility of the design is illustrated based on the calculation on the
FEDERAL PESCODERS.
The whole systems have friendly human-computer interface. It can supply the user with the data process interface and operation command directly, and can manage the data and do the print work centrally and unitedly. It can assemble the related calculation items in order that the user can calculate straightly and quickly to enhance the efficient of choosing object functions with different expression, which cause the system have widely application field.
The work done in this task make the optimize design lubricating system change the idea and article into actual application software at the first time. Hence the computer aided optimize of lubricating system is turned into reality. The efficient and precision are enhanced too .It also supply the reference object for developing design software of other pipeline systems variable experience.
引文
[1] 高鹗、任文江．船舶动力装置设计．上海交通大学出版社，1991
[2] 商圣义．民用船舶动力装置．人民交通出版社，1995
[3] 江康源．船舶动力装置发展的新趋势．船舶工程，1999／3
[4] 《轮机工程手册》编委会．轮机工程手册(上、中、下)．人民交通出版社，1998
[5] 陈祖庆．船舶原理．武汉水运工程学院，1990
[6] 《中外船舶配套设备手册》编写组．中外船舶配套设备手册．海洋出版社，1998
[7] 周龙保．内燃机学．机械工业出版社，1999
[8] 沈幼庭、何锦英．热力系统设备最优化．机械工业出版社，1985
[9] (日)尾花英朗．热交换器设计手册(上、下)石油工业出版社，1984
[10] Ohshita、Higoot Kosugis et all. Formation of internally circulationg flow and control of overall heat transfer coefficient in a fluidied boiler. Heat Transfer Japanese Reseach 1994,23(4):349-363
[11] Webb R.L.A. Critical evaluation of cooling system design methollgy in heat transfer equipment. Design Hemisphere Publishing Co. Washington 1988 pp547-548
[12] Michanel. A Polni、Paniel. J. Wocley and Janes. D Buther. Impact of simulation-based design on today's shipbuilding. Marin Technology, No. 1 1997 pp1-9
[13] Stephen. J. Baum、Ravi Ramakrishan. Appling 3D product modeling technology to shipbuilding. Matin Technology, No. 11997 pp56-65
[14] Kose K. O. A new methnical model of manovuering motions of a ship and iits applications. Applied Ocean Reseach, May 1987
[15] David et all. Knowledge and control for a mechnical design expert system Computer, NO.2 1992
[16] Li ZhuangYun et all. Development of hydroallic pump to operate with row water. Proceeds of asme fluid engineering division summer mooting Washington DC usa, June 21-25,1995
[17] J.Barke. Descent methods for compiste nondifferential optimization problem. Math.prog.33 (1989), 163-182
[18] R.Byrd and J.Nocidal. A tool for the analysis of quasi-newton methods with application to unconstrained minimization. SIAM J.NUMER Anal 26(1989) 727-732
[19] for constrained optimization. Math.Prog.49(1991),285-323
[20] W.C.Davidon.optimally conditioned optimization algorithms without line searcher. Math.prog9(1983)1-30
[21] C.Charalambons and A.R. Conn.An efficient method to solve the minimax problem directly. SIAM J.Numer Anal 15(1978) 162-169
[22] Rockaffellar R.I.The theory of subgradients and Application to the Problems of optimization Convex and Nonconstrained function. Heldemann verlog Berlin
[23] 费千．船舶辅机．大连海运学院出版社，1991
[24] 杜荣铭．钱天祉船舶柴油机．大连海运学院出版社
[25] 朱树文．船舶动力装置原理与设计．上海交通大学出版社
[26] 钢质海船入级与建造规范(第三篇轮机)人民交通出版社，2001
[27] 黄为民．热工设备和系统的设计优化．高等教育出版社，1998
[28] 杨文熊．传输概论(传力、传热、传质)上海交通大学出版社
[29] 吴小平、汪玉、陈国钧．舰船动力系统建模设计方法展．海军工程学院学报，1999／2
[30] 江康源．船舶动力装置发展的新趋势．船舶工程，1999／3
[31] 杨栖．电子计算机辅助船舶设计．上海交通大学出版社1985／5
[32] 陈宾康．计算机辅助船舶．国际工业出版社1994／4
[33] 章成器．建模设计方法在工程机械中的应用．同济大学出版社，1993／5
[34] 胡去昌、卡立新．船舶建模设计中的一种交互式多目标规划方法．船舶工程，1992．3
[35] 刘惟信、机械最优化设计．清华大学出版社，1994．11
[36] 刘元诚、林发森、周轶尘．柴油机及其动力装置节能技术．人民交通出版社，1984
[37] 饶红践．采用先进制造技术促进造船产业升级．造船技术，1999／6
[38] 顾宏中．大功率柴油机性能改进研究综述．船舶工程，1999．3
[39] 崔朗然．船舶动力装置设计的经济分析．船舶工程，1995．4
[40] 吴仁荣．船用自吸离心泵的设计计算，船舶工程，1998．5
[41] 吴慧英、程惠尔．层板室壁无相变流动时的冷却性能．热能动力工程，2000．1
[42] 束肪，管内强内化对流换热的热力经济性分析．热能动力工程，1999．2
[43] 周宇阳、胡念苏、樊天竞．热心力系统数学模型自由度分析．热能动力工程，1998．4
[44] 邬曼君．国际船舶CA／CAM／CIM软件发展动态．船舶设计通讯．1999．5
[45] 魏云迟，船舶管系三维计算机辅助设计，船舶设计技术交流，1996．8
[46] 邱长华、薛开．基于STEP应用协议一船舶管系CAP217实施方法的研究．中国造船，1999．6
[47] 精锐创作组．Visual Basic NET实用编程技术．北京人民邮电出版社，2001
[48] 顾宣炎．船舶冷却水系统的优化设计与分析．武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)，2002．4
[49] 胡义．船舶管系计算机辅助设计．船海工程，2002．2
[50] 希望图书创作室．Visual Basic6.0教程．北京希望电子出版社，1999
[51] 柴跃庭，刘义．应用软件系统开发．清华大学出版社，1999
[52] 徐新华．COM CORBA和Internet编程技术．人民邮电出版社 1999
[53] 王兴晶，施波等．Visual Basic6.0开发与实例．电子工业出版社，1999
[54] 李玉忠，黄业清．Visual Basic高级界面特效制作百例．北京中国电力出版，2000
[55] 侯锡铭，刘子建．Visual Basic6.0程序设计教程．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001
[56] 曹青，邱李华，郭志强．Visual Basic程序设计教程．北京机械工业出版社，2002
[57] Charlie Calvert.Charlie Calvert's Borland C++ Buider Unleashed.Mcmillan Publishing,1997
[58] (美)方述成S，普森普拉．线性优化及扩展理论与算法．浙江大学生版社，1989
[59] 马振华．运筹学与最优化理论．清华大学出版社．1986
[60] R Fletcher著，游兆永 徐成贤译．实用最优化算法，开津科技翻译出版社，1992
[61] 袁亚湘，非线性规划数值方法，上海科学技术出版社，1988
[2] 商圣义．民用船舶动力装置．人民交通出版社，1995
[3] 江康源．船舶动力装置发展的新趋势．船舶工程，1999／3
[4] 《轮机工程手册》编委会．轮机工程手册(上、中、下)．人民交通出版社，1998
[5] 陈祖庆．船舶原理．武汉水运工程学院，1990
[6] 《中外船舶配套设备手册》编写组．中外船舶配套设备手册．海洋出版社，1998
[7] 周龙保．内燃机学．机械工业出版社，1999
[8] 沈幼庭、何锦英．热力系统设备最优化．机械工业出版社，1985
[9] (日)尾花英朗．热交换器设计手册(上、下)石油工业出版社，1984
[10] Ohshita、Higoot Kosugis et all. Formation of internally circulationg flow and control of overall heat transfer coefficient in a fluidied boiler. Heat Transfer Japanese Reseach 1994,23(4):349-363
[11] Webb R.L.A. Critical evaluation of cooling system design methollgy in heat transfer equipment. Design Hemisphere Publishing Co. Washington 1988 pp547-548
[12] Michanel. A Polni、Paniel. J. Wocley and Janes. D Buther. Impact of simulation-based design on today's shipbuilding. Marin Technology, No. 1 1997 pp1-9
[13] Stephen. J. Baum、Ravi Ramakrishan. Appling 3D product modeling technology to shipbuilding. Matin Technology, No. 11997 pp56-65
[14] Kose K. O. A new methnical model of manovuering motions of a ship and iits applications. Applied Ocean Reseach, May 1987
[15] David et all. Knowledge and control for a mechnical design expert system Computer, NO.2 1992
[16] Li ZhuangYun et all. Development of hydroallic pump to operate with row water. Proceeds of asme fluid engineering division summer mooting Washington DC usa, June 21-25,1995
[17] J.Barke. Descent methods for compiste nondifferential optimization problem. Math.prog.33 (1989), 163-182
[18] R.Byrd and J.Nocidal. A tool for the analysis of quasi-newton methods with application to unconstrained minimization. SIAM J.NUMER Anal 26(1989) 727-732
[19] for constrained optimization. Math.Prog.49(1991),285-323
[20] W.C.Davidon.optimally conditioned optimization algorithms without line searcher. Math.prog9(1983)1-30
[21] C.Charalambons and A.R. Conn.An efficient method to solve the minimax problem directly. SIAM J.Numer Anal 15(1978) 162-169
[22] Rockaffellar R.I.The theory of subgradients and Application to the Problems of optimization Convex and Nonconstrained function. Heldemann verlog Berlin
[23] 费千．船舶辅机．大连海运学院出版社，1991
[24] 杜荣铭．钱天祉船舶柴油机．大连海运学院出版社
[25] 朱树文．船舶动力装置原理与设计．上海交通大学出版社
[26] 钢质海船入级与建造规范(第三篇轮机)人民交通出版社，2001
[27] 黄为民．热工设备和系统的设计优化．高等教育出版社，1998
[28] 杨文熊．传输概论(传力、传热、传质)上海交通大学出版社
[29] 吴小平、汪玉、陈国钧．舰船动力系统建模设计方法展．海军工程学院学报，1999／2
[30] 江康源．船舶动力装置发展的新趋势．船舶工程，1999／3
[31] 杨栖．电子计算机辅助船舶设计．上海交通大学出版社1985／5
[32] 陈宾康．计算机辅助船舶．国际工业出版社1994／4
[33] 章成器．建模设计方法在工程机械中的应用．同济大学出版社，1993／5
[34] 胡去昌、卡立新．船舶建模设计中的一种交互式多目标规划方法．船舶工程，1992．3
[35] 刘惟信、机械最优化设计．清华大学出版社，1994．11
[36] 刘元诚、林发森、周轶尘．柴油机及其动力装置节能技术．人民交通出版社，1984
[37] 饶红践．采用先进制造技术促进造船产业升级．造船技术，1999／6
[38] 顾宏中．大功率柴油机性能改进研究综述．船舶工程，1999．3
[39] 崔朗然．船舶动力装置设计的经济分析．船舶工程，1995．4
[40] 吴仁荣．船用自吸离心泵的设计计算，船舶工程，1998．5
[41] 吴慧英、程惠尔．层板室壁无相变流动时的冷却性能．热能动力工程，2000．1
[42] 束肪，管内强内化对流换热的热力经济性分析．热能动力工程，1999．2
[43] 周宇阳、胡念苏、樊天竞．热心力系统数学模型自由度分析．热能动力工程，1998．4
[44] 邬曼君．国际船舶CA／CAM／CIM软件发展动态．船舶设计通讯．1999．5
[45] 魏云迟，船舶管系三维计算机辅助设计，船舶设计技术交流，1996．8
[46] 邱长华、薛开．基于STEP应用协议一船舶管系CAP217实施方法的研究．中国造船，1999．6
[47] 精锐创作组．Visual Basic NET实用编程技术．北京人民邮电出版社，2001
[48] 顾宣炎．船舶冷却水系统的优化设计与分析．武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)，2002．4
[49] 胡义．船舶管系计算机辅助设计．船海工程，2002．2
[50] 希望图书创作室．Visual Basic6.0教程．北京希望电子出版社，1999
[51] 柴跃庭，刘义．应用软件系统开发．清华大学出版社，1999
[52] 徐新华．COM CORBA和Internet编程技术．人民邮电出版社 1999
[53] 王兴晶，施波等．Visual Basic6.0开发与实例．电子工业出版社，1999
[54] 李玉忠，黄业清．Visual Basic高级界面特效制作百例．北京中国电力出版，2000
[55] 侯锡铭，刘子建．Visual Basic6.0程序设计教程．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001
[56] 曹青，邱李华，郭志强．Visual Basic程序设计教程．北京机械工业出版社，2002
[57] Charlie Calvert.Charlie Calvert's Borland C++ Buider Unleashed.Mcmillan Publishing,1997
[58] (美)方述成S，普森普拉．线性优化及扩展理论与算法．浙江大学生版社，1989
[59] 马振华．运筹学与最优化理论．清华大学出版社．1986
[60] R Fletcher著，游兆永 徐成贤译．实用最优化算法，开津科技翻译出版社，1992
[61] 袁亚湘，非线性规划数值方法，上海科学技术出版社，1988