实际巷道火灾过程热物理参数变化规律与计算机仿真的研究
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摘要
在亚洲最大的试验巷道完成全尺寸的巷道火灾试验14次,连续采集了烟气温度、壁温、岩体温度、压力、氧气和二氧化碳的浓度、风速等参数随位置和时间的变化量;研究了热阻力与风机风压、火风压、节流效应、粘性比热阻、膨胀热阻、坑木表面的延燃速度、比燃料消耗率和复合对流换热系数等火灾时期的主要热物理参量的变化规律;并考察了密闭火区空间的温度和压力的变化特点;给出了反映火灾烟流运动确定性和混沌特点的数学描述;引入了比燃料消耗率的概念,并把它作为研究非稳定流火灾的重要特征参数,建立了系列仿真模型;应用化学热力学和化学动力学原理,研究了煤矿中三种主要固体燃料的燃烧机理及燃烧热的流向;应用传热传质学理论研究了烟流与围岩间的主要换热形式及大小;提出了计算火风压大小的新公式;揭示了产生节流效应的热物理机制及节流发生的时限。
The fullscale tunnel fire experiments were completed for 14 times in the maximum testing tunnel in Asia, and the variations changing with time at different position were acquired continually, such as temperature of smoke flow, temperature of wall and rock, pressure, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide and air-flow velocity etc. The time-dependent law of the main thermophysics parameters wree studied, of which are thermal resistance, fan pressure, thermal potential pressure, coefficient of throttled flow, dimensionless viscous drag force, expansion thermal resistance, flame velocity spreading on the surface of fuels, dimensionless rate of mass loss, and synthetic coefficient of heat transfer in the process of burning and in the airtight space abruptly cut off fresh air-flowing. The characteristics of the determinacy and chaos in the process of motion of smoke was described by use of Lyapunov characteristic exponent. The dimensionless rate of mass loss of fuels as a significant nature parameter was defined for studing the unsteady flow during fire, and a series of models were set up for the simulation of fire. Based on the thermochemistry and chemical kinetics, the combustion mechanism and flowing direction of combustion heat for the three main species of solid fuels was studied. Based on the principle of heat and mass transfer, the main forms and quantity of heat transfer between the smoke-flow and the surround rock were studied. The new formula for calculating thermal potential pressure was drawn out. The mechanism and time limit of throttled flow taking place was brought to light.
The fullscale tunnel fire experiments were completed for 14 times in the maximum testing tunnel in Asia, and the variations changing with time at different position were acquired continually, such as temperature of smoke flow, temperature of wall and rock, pressure, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide and air-flow velocity etc. The time-dependent law of the main thermophysics parameters wree studied, of which are thermal resistance, fan pressure, thermal potential pressure, coefficient of throttled flow, dimensionless viscous drag force, expansion thermal resistance, flame velocity spreading on the surface of fuels, dimensionless rate of mass loss, and synthetic coefficient of heat transfer in the process of burning and in the airtight space abruptly cut off fresh air-flowing. The characteristics of the determinacy and chaos in the process of motion of smoke was described by use of Lyapunov characteristic exponent. The dimensionless rate of mass loss of fuels as a significant nature parameter was defined for studing the unsteady flow during fire, and a series of models were set up for the simulation of fire. Based on the thermochemistry and chemical kinetics, the combustion mechanism and flowing direction of combustion heat for the three main species of solid fuels was studied. Based on the principle of heat and mass transfer, the main forms and quantity of heat transfer between the smoke-flow and the surround rock were studied. The new formula for calculating thermal potential pressure was drawn out. The mechanism and time limit of throttled flow taking place was brought to light.
引文
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