水力通风换热机性能参数关系及换热效果研究
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摘要
深井高温热害是矿业生产中的一大难题,传统通风降温已不能彻底解决这一问题,这也随着矿井采掘深度的加大而更加突出。
为降低井下作业区域温度,使工作环境达到职业卫生防护条件,以确保矿山安全生产及工人身体健康,论文在深入研究目前国内外深井热害治理的现状与水平的基础上,根据利用外界冷源来降低空气温度的有效方法,提出利用深井开采中供水系统水流的位能作为深井作业区域通风的动力,利用产生的风流及气液对流换热来调节深井空气温度。在此理论基础上,研制出了一种控制调节深井温度的新型装置——水力通风换热机。
本论文主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)介绍了水力通风换热机的基本原理和主要功能。水力通风换热机主要由扇风机、水轮机和换热结构三部分组成。水轮机的作用是产生通风动力,扇风机用来形成风流,热空气和冷水在换热结构中进行气液对流换热达到降温效果。换热、通风也即是水力通风换热机的主要功能。本研究为深井通风降温提供了一种新的研究思路和方向。
(2)根据国内外人工降温技术,论文分析了深井热源和待换热量,确定了深井降温工作面热荷载计算的基本方法,即：将井下各种热源分别计算再进行汇总。这一方法虽然不能准确而实时的计算井下总热量,但结合了水力通风换热机自身的特性,可作为水力通风换热机在不同条件下的深井降温设计的参考依据,它是论文对换热机进行深入研究的基础。在此基础上,论文确定了工作面需冷量,并对融冰实验进行了初步研究。
(3)研究装置运转形成通风过程中动力转换的控制因素,确定了各控制因素对装置总体性能的影响机制以及换热机主要性能参数的数学表达式。对水力通风换热机进行初步实验,转速、风量、风压等主要性能参数的测试结果满足设计要求,其实验数据与理论数值进行比较得出,两者基本吻合,由此证明了性能参数关系式的正确性,可以作为论文进一步研究的理论基础。对动力转换效率的研究表明论文实验方案及装置有待进一步优化。根据实验结果论文研究中涉及的水能利用率比较高,适合较深的高温矿井通风降温。
(4)建造了高温环境实验空间,研究气液对流换热规律,建立了气液热交换数学模型。在不同的热环境条件下研究装置内热空气与冷却水对流换热的换热效果。实验表明,经过换热作用,26℃左右的热空气可以降低到15℃以下,降温幅度达到10℃以上,这一降温结果完全满足深井通风的要求。实验及数值计算表明,本研究成果可行且有效,可以推广应用于深井通风降温的实际工作中。
(5)通过实验和数值模拟计算,论文得出影响换热效果的主要设计参数,这一结果可以为换热机的进一步改良优化提供改进方向。
High temperature damage produced in deep mining is a major problem in mining production.The traditional ventilation cooling can not completely solve this problem. At the same time, the high temperature damage is more prominent along with the increase of mine mining depth.
Based on in-depth study status and level of high temperature damage produced in deep mining treatment at home and abroad, one theory is proposed which is using water's potential energy of supply water system in deep mining as a ventilation driving force in the deep mine working area and using generated dissolute and gas-liquid convection heat transfer to regulate the air temperature in deep mine, according to an effective method which is using outside cold source to reduce the air temperature, in order to reduce the temperature of underground working areas so that the work environment can achieve occupational health protection conditions and ensure mine safety and health of workers. Based on this theory, new devices which is hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer machine is developed, which is used to control and regulate deep mine temperature.
The research contents and results of this paper are as follows:
(1) The basic principal and main function of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfering engine were introduced. The hydraulic ventilation and heat transferring engine consisted of fan blower, hydraulic turbine and heat transfer structure. Hydraulic turbine was used to generate ventilation power; fan blower was used to form airflow; heat transfering structure provided a room for hot airflow which was exchanged with cold water in the form of convection to lower temperature. Therefore, heat transfering and ventilation were the main function of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer engine, which provided new idea and direction for the research of ventilation and cooling in deep mine.
(2) Analysis on heat source in the deep shaft and study on heat awaiting transferring were made based on artificial cooling technology at home and abroad. And the basic method for calculating thermal loading on cooling working face, in which all kinds of heat source were respectively computed and summarized at last, was determined. This method, a basis for deeply studying heat transfer engine, was not able to accurately and real-timely calculate total underground heat, but could provide for designing underground cooling in different conditions. According to this method, chilling requirement on working face was determined and ice melting test was preliminarily studied.
(3) The controlling factors of power conversion was formed in the process of ventilation caused by research apparatus' operation; The influence mechanism of controlling factors on total performance was determined; the main performance parameter relation of heat transferring engine was concluded. The preliminary test of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer engine demonstrated that the test results of main performance parameters such as rotation speed, air volume, air pressure, can satisfy the designing requirement, inosculating with the result of theory, which proved the correctness of performance parameter relation and can be the theoretical basis for further study.
The study of dynamic conversion efficiency showed that a further optimization is needed for the test scheme. According to test results, waterpower utilization rate involved in paper is high, which is suitable for the ventilation and cooling for deeper hyperthermal mine.
(4) Hyperthermal testing space was built to study the rule of gas-liquid convection for heat transferring, constructing mathematical model for gas-liquid heat transfer. The effect of heat transferring in the process of convection between hot air and cold water in device was studied in different heat conditions. The tests indicated that the hot air decreased from 26 to 15, with a temperature drop of more than 10, satisfying the requirements of deep mine ventilation. Test and numerical simulation showed that the above results were feasible and effective and could be popularized and applied in engineering practice of deep mine ventilation and cooling.
(5) Through test and numerical simulation, main designing parameters affecting heat transferring effect was obtained, providing direction for further improving and optimizing heat transfer engine.
为降低井下作业区域温度,使工作环境达到职业卫生防护条件,以确保矿山安全生产及工人身体健康,论文在深入研究目前国内外深井热害治理的现状与水平的基础上,根据利用外界冷源来降低空气温度的有效方法,提出利用深井开采中供水系统水流的位能作为深井作业区域通风的动力,利用产生的风流及气液对流换热来调节深井空气温度。在此理论基础上,研制出了一种控制调节深井温度的新型装置——水力通风换热机。
本论文主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)介绍了水力通风换热机的基本原理和主要功能。水力通风换热机主要由扇风机、水轮机和换热结构三部分组成。水轮机的作用是产生通风动力,扇风机用来形成风流,热空气和冷水在换热结构中进行气液对流换热达到降温效果。换热、通风也即是水力通风换热机的主要功能。本研究为深井通风降温提供了一种新的研究思路和方向。
(2)根据国内外人工降温技术,论文分析了深井热源和待换热量,确定了深井降温工作面热荷载计算的基本方法,即：将井下各种热源分别计算再进行汇总。这一方法虽然不能准确而实时的计算井下总热量,但结合了水力通风换热机自身的特性,可作为水力通风换热机在不同条件下的深井降温设计的参考依据,它是论文对换热机进行深入研究的基础。在此基础上,论文确定了工作面需冷量,并对融冰实验进行了初步研究。
(3)研究装置运转形成通风过程中动力转换的控制因素,确定了各控制因素对装置总体性能的影响机制以及换热机主要性能参数的数学表达式。对水力通风换热机进行初步实验,转速、风量、风压等主要性能参数的测试结果满足设计要求,其实验数据与理论数值进行比较得出,两者基本吻合,由此证明了性能参数关系式的正确性,可以作为论文进一步研究的理论基础。对动力转换效率的研究表明论文实验方案及装置有待进一步优化。根据实验结果论文研究中涉及的水能利用率比较高,适合较深的高温矿井通风降温。
(4)建造了高温环境实验空间,研究气液对流换热规律,建立了气液热交换数学模型。在不同的热环境条件下研究装置内热空气与冷却水对流换热的换热效果。实验表明,经过换热作用,26℃左右的热空气可以降低到15℃以下,降温幅度达到10℃以上,这一降温结果完全满足深井通风的要求。实验及数值计算表明,本研究成果可行且有效,可以推广应用于深井通风降温的实际工作中。
(5)通过实验和数值模拟计算,论文得出影响换热效果的主要设计参数,这一结果可以为换热机的进一步改良优化提供改进方向。
High temperature damage produced in deep mining is a major problem in mining production.The traditional ventilation cooling can not completely solve this problem. At the same time, the high temperature damage is more prominent along with the increase of mine mining depth.
Based on in-depth study status and level of high temperature damage produced in deep mining treatment at home and abroad, one theory is proposed which is using water's potential energy of supply water system in deep mining as a ventilation driving force in the deep mine working area and using generated dissolute and gas-liquid convection heat transfer to regulate the air temperature in deep mine, according to an effective method which is using outside cold source to reduce the air temperature, in order to reduce the temperature of underground working areas so that the work environment can achieve occupational health protection conditions and ensure mine safety and health of workers. Based on this theory, new devices which is hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer machine is developed, which is used to control and regulate deep mine temperature.
The research contents and results of this paper are as follows:
(1) The basic principal and main function of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfering engine were introduced. The hydraulic ventilation and heat transferring engine consisted of fan blower, hydraulic turbine and heat transfer structure. Hydraulic turbine was used to generate ventilation power; fan blower was used to form airflow; heat transfering structure provided a room for hot airflow which was exchanged with cold water in the form of convection to lower temperature. Therefore, heat transfering and ventilation were the main function of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer engine, which provided new idea and direction for the research of ventilation and cooling in deep mine.
(2) Analysis on heat source in the deep shaft and study on heat awaiting transferring were made based on artificial cooling technology at home and abroad. And the basic method for calculating thermal loading on cooling working face, in which all kinds of heat source were respectively computed and summarized at last, was determined. This method, a basis for deeply studying heat transfer engine, was not able to accurately and real-timely calculate total underground heat, but could provide for designing underground cooling in different conditions. According to this method, chilling requirement on working face was determined and ice melting test was preliminarily studied.
(3) The controlling factors of power conversion was formed in the process of ventilation caused by research apparatus' operation; The influence mechanism of controlling factors on total performance was determined; the main performance parameter relation of heat transferring engine was concluded. The preliminary test of hydraulic ventilation and heat transfer engine demonstrated that the test results of main performance parameters such as rotation speed, air volume, air pressure, can satisfy the designing requirement, inosculating with the result of theory, which proved the correctness of performance parameter relation and can be the theoretical basis for further study.
The study of dynamic conversion efficiency showed that a further optimization is needed for the test scheme. According to test results, waterpower utilization rate involved in paper is high, which is suitable for the ventilation and cooling for deeper hyperthermal mine.
(4) Hyperthermal testing space was built to study the rule of gas-liquid convection for heat transferring, constructing mathematical model for gas-liquid heat transfer. The effect of heat transferring in the process of convection between hot air and cold water in device was studied in different heat conditions. The tests indicated that the hot air decreased from 26 to 15, with a temperature drop of more than 10, satisfying the requirements of deep mine ventilation. Test and numerical simulation showed that the above results were feasible and effective and could be popularized and applied in engineering practice of deep mine ventilation and cooling.
(5) Through test and numerical simulation, main designing parameters affecting heat transferring effect was obtained, providing direction for further improving and optimizing heat transfer engine.
引文
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