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复杂构件三维焊接过程虚拟分析技术研究
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摘要
本文对国内外关于焊接过程的虚拟分析技术的研究历史和最新发展进行了研究和概括,在此基础上,对复杂构件三维焊接过程虚拟分析技术进行了深入研究,设计了基于ANSYS的三维焊接过程虚拟分析有限元分析软件平台,对厚板多道焊接、T型接头焊接、管-板焊接、管-管焊接等复杂构件的三维焊接虚拟分析技术进行了参数化、模块化设计,利用该软件平台进行了实例分析,获得了如下研究成果:
     1.用APDL参数化语言构建了一个基于ANSYS的三维焊接过程虚拟分析柔性软件平台。该软件采用参数化、模块化设计方法,具有良好的适应性和渐进性,为三维焊接过程虚拟分析技术的进一步研究和开发奠定了良好的开发环境。
     2.对厚板多道焊接、T型接头焊接、管-板焊接、管-管焊接等复杂构件的三维焊接虚拟分析技术进行了参数化、模块化设计方法研究,通过实例分析验证了其可行性。
     3.利用所设计的软件平台对厚板多道焊的焊接过程进行了实例分析,获得了厚板多道焊的焊接接过程的温度场、热应力场和残余应力的演化规律。
     4.利用生死单元对焊缝金属的填充、熔化和凝固进行了有效模拟,获得了比较接近于实际的分析效果。
     5.通过对生死单元的研究和实例分析,解决了采用生死单元时进行热应力计算收敛困难或不收敛的问题,以及计算时间较长的问题。
Based on the study and sum-up of the research history and the latest development of the virtual analysis technique in welding process, the virtual analysis technique of 3D welding process of complex component is further investigated in this paper. And a FE analysis software platform based on ANSYS is developed for it, used parametric and modularized design methods, which can be used to analyze the course of the thick-plate multi-pass welding, the T-shape welding, the pipe-plate welding, and the pipe-pipe welding. The software platform is tested by actual example analysis and the following research results are obtained:
    1. With the parametric language APDL, a flexible software platform based on ANSYS is developed for the virtual analysis of 3D welding process. The software adopts parametric and modularized design method, and has good adaptability and successive ability, which establishes a good development environment for the further research and development of the virtual analysis technique of 3d welding process.
    2. The virtual analysis technique of 3D welding process of complex component, the thick-plate multi-pass welding, the T-shape welding, the pipe-plate welding, as well as the pipe-pipe welding, is studied with parametric and modularized methods. Its feasibility is tested by the actual example analysis.
    3. The course of thick-plate multi-pass welding is analyzed with the designed software platfonn by actual example, and the evolution laws of the temperature field, the thermal stress field and the residual stress during the course are obtained.
    4. The course of stuffing, melting, freezing of metal in welding seam is simulated successfully with the birth-death element method, and the analysis effect approximate to the actual fact is obtained.
    5. By researching and analyzing with the birth-death element, the problem of the convergence difficulty or the un-convergence during the calculating of the thermal stress is solved, as well as how to control the too long calculating time.
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