单一井径大膨胀率膨胀套管用TWIP钢的研究
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摘要
膨胀管技术被认为是21世纪石油钻采行业的核心技术之一,该技术的最终目的是研发单一井径膨胀管技术。膨胀管材料的选择与优化是膨胀管研究的一个重要的分支,本研究的目的就是开发适用于单一井径膨胀管技术用钢。
孪生诱发塑性钢因其具有高强度和高塑性,在膨胀管技术的应用中拥有巨大的潜力。在目前孪生诱发塑性钢的基础上,结合单一井径膨胀管对材料性能的特殊要求,借助于TWIP钢的层错能热力学计算,优化设计了四种TWIP钢,其化学成分为(wt%)C：0.1-0.3%,Mn：25%,Cr：4-10%,Ni：2%,A1：2%,Si：1%,Mo：0.5%；并利用万能材料试验机、OM、XRD、SEM、TEM及EDS等现代实验分析手段,对所设计试制钢材的力学性能和防腐性能进行了检测分析。分析了包括热轧、冷轧和固溶等加工工艺、形变温度和应变速率对性能组织的影响,最后在实验的基础上,建立了温加工条件下的TWIP钢的本构方程。利用有限元软件模拟计算了所研制膨胀管的膨胀过程,对TWIP钢的加工硬化机理进行了探讨。
所研制钢的加工工艺对组织性能的影响研究表明,采用真空冶炼,热轧后固溶处理是一条合理的加工工艺路线。热轧采用多道次小压下量方式,单道次压下量小于20%,初轧温度为1050-1150℃,终轧温度为800℃；采用950-1050℃加热保温半小时淬水固溶处理工艺,材料性能达到屈服强度350-400 MPa,抗拉强度650-800 MPa,断后延伸率50%-70%,强塑积50000MPa%,加工硬化指数高达0.56。
所研制钢的拉伸试验数据显示,形变温度和应变速率对材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率具有较大的影响。在25-300℃的范围内,随着形变温度升高,无论是热轧态、冷轧态还是固溶态,所研制材料的强度和延伸率都逐渐降低。原因可能是温度升高,材料的层错能升高,形变机制由孪生为主变为以滑移为主。在4.2×10-4-6.3×10-3/s速率区间,伴随着应变速率的加快,材料的强度和延伸率都逐渐降低,可能由于应变速率提高,位错运动受限,形变孪晶不易形成所致。
在金属材料电化学工作站对材料的耐蚀性进行了测试分析显示所研制钢材经固溶处理后抗腐蚀性能优良,形变后抗腐蚀性能有所降低,Cr和Ni元素的加入有助于提高抗腐蚀性能,腐蚀的力学化学效应是形变后抗腐蚀性能降低的主要原因。
利用有限元仿真方式模拟大膨胀率膨胀管的膨胀过程,得到了与在井下温度场条件下动态拉伸试验相近的结果。
基于公理设计理论,对所研制材料的硬化机理进行梳理和探讨,发现材料成分中Mn的大量存在是产生孪生诱发塑性的基础,C-Mn等原子团的存在提高了基体的固溶强化效果。
综上所述,所研制的TWIP钢适合于制备大膨胀率膨胀套管,这种高性能套管的产生将为单一井径大膨胀率膨胀套管技术的实施和推广提供必要的物质条件。
Expandable Tubular Technology is considered one of the core technology in the oil drilling industry in the 21st century, the final goal of this technology is to develop the monodiameter expandable tubular technology. The selection and optimization of expandable tubular material is an important branch for the research of expandable tubular. Developing suitable steel for monobore technology is the purpose of this study.
Austentie high-Mn based twinning-induced plasticity steels has great potential prospect in the applications of expandable tubular technology because of the excellent tensile strength and ductility property. Based on the twinning-induced plasticity steels, combined with the special requirements for the material properties of monobore technology, by means of thermodynamic calculation of stacking fault energy, four new TWIP Steels were developed. The steels are consisted of 0.1～0.3%C,25% Cr,4～10%Mn,2%Ni,2%A1, 1%Si,0.5%Mo, the rest is Fe. The manufacturing process, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the TWIP steels were studied by using the universal testing machine with heating insulation unit, OM, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS. In addition, the expandable deformation constitutive equation of TWIP steels was established under the temperature range from 25℃to 300℃. And then, expansion process of the expandable casing made from the new TWIP steels was simulated by Finite element software. Finally, hardening mechanism of the TWIP steels was investigated.
The effect of manufacturing process on organization and performance was studied. The results show that the process is a reasonable process:vacuum melting, then hot rolling followed by annealing under the 1050℃/0.5h/water. The optimized mechanical values are as following:Rp=350-400 MPa, Rm=650-800 MPa, total elongation equals 50～70%, the product of strength and ductility is above 50000MPa%, work-hardening factor may be up to 0.56.
The tensile test data of the TWIP steel show that deformation temperature and strain rate have a great impact on material yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. Under 25～300℃, with the deformation temperature increasing, the strength and elongation of the TWIP steel are gradually reduced, whether it is hot rolled, cold-rolled or solution state of steel, The reason is probably that the stacking fault energy of TWIP steel increased with temperature increasing. This makes the main deformation mechanism change from twinning to slipping. In the rate range of 4.2×10-4～6.3×10-3/s, with the acceleration of strain rate, the material strength and elongation decreased. This probably is due to the increased strain rate restricted dislocation movement, which making it difficult to form deformation twins.
The material's corrosion resistance of TWIP steel was tested and analyzed by using electrochemical workstation. It can be showed that the corrosion resistance is excellent after solution treatment. The corrosion resistance will reduce after deformation. Mixed with Cr and Ni the corrosion resistance will enhance. The mechanical-chemistry effect of corrosion is the primary factor for corrosion resistance decreasing after deformation.
We can obtain the similar dynamic tensile test results as in the condition of underground temperature field by using the finite element simulation method to simulate expansion process of expansion pipe which has large expansion rate.
Based on the axiomatic design theory, the material hardening mechanism was discussed. It can be found that the existence of Mn element is the foundation of TWIP. Meanwhile, the existence of C-Mn clusters enhanced the effect of matrix solution strength.
In summary, the developed TWIP steel can be used to produce expandable casing with large expansion rate. This will provide necessary materials for the implementing and extending for monobore technology.
孪生诱发塑性钢因其具有高强度和高塑性,在膨胀管技术的应用中拥有巨大的潜力。在目前孪生诱发塑性钢的基础上,结合单一井径膨胀管对材料性能的特殊要求,借助于TWIP钢的层错能热力学计算,优化设计了四种TWIP钢,其化学成分为(wt%)C：0.1-0.3%,Mn：25%,Cr：4-10%,Ni：2%,A1：2%,Si：1%,Mo：0.5%；并利用万能材料试验机、OM、XRD、SEM、TEM及EDS等现代实验分析手段,对所设计试制钢材的力学性能和防腐性能进行了检测分析。分析了包括热轧、冷轧和固溶等加工工艺、形变温度和应变速率对性能组织的影响,最后在实验的基础上,建立了温加工条件下的TWIP钢的本构方程。利用有限元软件模拟计算了所研制膨胀管的膨胀过程,对TWIP钢的加工硬化机理进行了探讨。
所研制钢的加工工艺对组织性能的影响研究表明,采用真空冶炼,热轧后固溶处理是一条合理的加工工艺路线。热轧采用多道次小压下量方式,单道次压下量小于20%,初轧温度为1050-1150℃,终轧温度为800℃；采用950-1050℃加热保温半小时淬水固溶处理工艺,材料性能达到屈服强度350-400 MPa,抗拉强度650-800 MPa,断后延伸率50%-70%,强塑积50000MPa%,加工硬化指数高达0.56。
所研制钢的拉伸试验数据显示,形变温度和应变速率对材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率具有较大的影响。在25-300℃的范围内,随着形变温度升高,无论是热轧态、冷轧态还是固溶态,所研制材料的强度和延伸率都逐渐降低。原因可能是温度升高,材料的层错能升高,形变机制由孪生为主变为以滑移为主。在4.2×10-4-6.3×10-3/s速率区间,伴随着应变速率的加快,材料的强度和延伸率都逐渐降低,可能由于应变速率提高,位错运动受限,形变孪晶不易形成所致。
在金属材料电化学工作站对材料的耐蚀性进行了测试分析显示所研制钢材经固溶处理后抗腐蚀性能优良,形变后抗腐蚀性能有所降低,Cr和Ni元素的加入有助于提高抗腐蚀性能,腐蚀的力学化学效应是形变后抗腐蚀性能降低的主要原因。
利用有限元仿真方式模拟大膨胀率膨胀管的膨胀过程,得到了与在井下温度场条件下动态拉伸试验相近的结果。
基于公理设计理论,对所研制材料的硬化机理进行梳理和探讨,发现材料成分中Mn的大量存在是产生孪生诱发塑性的基础,C-Mn等原子团的存在提高了基体的固溶强化效果。
综上所述,所研制的TWIP钢适合于制备大膨胀率膨胀套管,这种高性能套管的产生将为单一井径大膨胀率膨胀套管技术的实施和推广提供必要的物质条件。
Expandable Tubular Technology is considered one of the core technology in the oil drilling industry in the 21st century, the final goal of this technology is to develop the monodiameter expandable tubular technology. The selection and optimization of expandable tubular material is an important branch for the research of expandable tubular. Developing suitable steel for monobore technology is the purpose of this study.
Austentie high-Mn based twinning-induced plasticity steels has great potential prospect in the applications of expandable tubular technology because of the excellent tensile strength and ductility property. Based on the twinning-induced plasticity steels, combined with the special requirements for the material properties of monobore technology, by means of thermodynamic calculation of stacking fault energy, four new TWIP Steels were developed. The steels are consisted of 0.1～0.3%C,25% Cr,4～10%Mn,2%Ni,2%A1, 1%Si,0.5%Mo, the rest is Fe. The manufacturing process, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the TWIP steels were studied by using the universal testing machine with heating insulation unit, OM, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS. In addition, the expandable deformation constitutive equation of TWIP steels was established under the temperature range from 25℃to 300℃. And then, expansion process of the expandable casing made from the new TWIP steels was simulated by Finite element software. Finally, hardening mechanism of the TWIP steels was investigated.
The effect of manufacturing process on organization and performance was studied. The results show that the process is a reasonable process:vacuum melting, then hot rolling followed by annealing under the 1050℃/0.5h/water. The optimized mechanical values are as following:Rp=350-400 MPa, Rm=650-800 MPa, total elongation equals 50～70%, the product of strength and ductility is above 50000MPa%, work-hardening factor may be up to 0.56.
The tensile test data of the TWIP steel show that deformation temperature and strain rate have a great impact on material yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. Under 25～300℃, with the deformation temperature increasing, the strength and elongation of the TWIP steel are gradually reduced, whether it is hot rolled, cold-rolled or solution state of steel, The reason is probably that the stacking fault energy of TWIP steel increased with temperature increasing. This makes the main deformation mechanism change from twinning to slipping. In the rate range of 4.2×10-4～6.3×10-3/s, with the acceleration of strain rate, the material strength and elongation decreased. This probably is due to the increased strain rate restricted dislocation movement, which making it difficult to form deformation twins.
The material's corrosion resistance of TWIP steel was tested and analyzed by using electrochemical workstation. It can be showed that the corrosion resistance is excellent after solution treatment. The corrosion resistance will reduce after deformation. Mixed with Cr and Ni the corrosion resistance will enhance. The mechanical-chemistry effect of corrosion is the primary factor for corrosion resistance decreasing after deformation.
We can obtain the similar dynamic tensile test results as in the condition of underground temperature field by using the finite element simulation method to simulate expansion process of expansion pipe which has large expansion rate.
Based on the axiomatic design theory, the material hardening mechanism was discussed. It can be found that the existence of Mn element is the foundation of TWIP. Meanwhile, the existence of C-Mn clusters enhanced the effect of matrix solution strength.
In summary, the developed TWIP steel can be used to produce expandable casing with large expansion rate. This will provide necessary materials for the implementing and extending for monobore technology.
引文
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