东胜煤田柴登勘查区侏罗系延安组地层划分与对比研究
|
摘要
东胜煤田柴登勘查区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,地层区划中新生代属陕甘宁地层区鄂尔多斯地层分区。构造位置处于鄂尔多斯台坳、东胜隆起区之中西部,整体为一向南西倾斜的单斜构造。本文以柴登勘查区为研究对象,对该区内含煤地层延安组进行地层划分与对比,并确定延安组地质时代。
地层划分方面,根据延安组含煤地层岩性组合、古生物化石组合及沉积旋回,将该组地层划分为3个岩段,8个亚段。一岩段包括两个亚段,二岩段包括4个亚段,三岩段包括2个亚段。地层对比方面,充分利用标志层法、煤层间距法、岩性组合法、地震波阻抗追索法古生物组合法等多种方法进行综合对比,做了5条NE—SW向探线与NW—SE向3条勘探线连井综合对比图,达到全区综合地层对比的结果。对于延安组煤炭资源进一步勘探开发具有重要的应用价值。
延安组地质时代一直存在争议,本次论文研究以柴登勘查区发现的大量古植物化石组成的延安组植物群为主要研究对象,根据其组合特征中,Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Coniopteris tatungensis, Eboracia lobifolia三个种经常共同出现与Coniopteris burejensis大量分布,以及Coniopteris, Cladophlebis两属的空前繁荣与高分异度确定延安组植物群为中国北方地区典型的早中侏罗世Coniopteris—hoenicopsis植物群。将延安组植物群分为上下两个植物组合,一岩段楔叶纲为显著特征的下部组合与二、三段以真蕨类、银杏类为主上部组合。
将延安组植物群与中国北方中侏罗世北京门头沟植物群、山西大同组植物群以及国外的西伯利亚地区伊尔库茨克盆地中侏罗植物群、英国约克郡中侏罗植物群,提出对延安组时代的新认识,一岩段下组合属于早侏罗世晚期,二、三岩段上组合属于中侏罗世早期。解决了延安组长期悬而未决的时代归属问题。
Chaideng prospecting region of Dongsheng Coal Field locates in the northeast of Ordos Basin. In stratigraphic division, the mesozoic-cenozoic belongs to Ordos Strata of Shanganning stratigraphic area. For tectonic position, it locates in the depression of Ordos platform and the mid-west of Dongsheng upheaval zone. And as a whole, it belongs to monoclinal structure of SW direction. According to study on the Chaideng prospecting region, this paper carries out stratigraphic division and correlation to the Yan'an formation that is coal-bearing strata inside the region, and confirm its geologic period.
In the stratigraphic division, according to lithological combination, paleontology combin-ation and sedimentary cycle of coal-bearing strata of the Yan'an formation, this paper divides it into 3 members and 8 sub-members. The first member includes 2 sub-members; the second member includes 4 sub-members; the third member includes 2 sub-members. In the stratigrap-hic correlation, this paper carries out comprehensive comparison by making full use of some methods such as marker beds, coal seam spacing, lithological combination and tracing of seismic acoustic impedance etc., based on which the comprehensive maps of comparison of well connection are finished along 5 prospecting lines of NE-SW direction and 3 prospecting lines of NW-SE direction.These work achieve the result of all regional stratigraphic correlation, and supply important application value.Yanan famation's further exploration and development of coal resource.
Controversy remains regarding the geological period of the Yan'an formation. This paper focuses on the Yan'an formation flora formed by a large number of paleobotany fossils which are found in this region. Based on their combination characteristics:Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Coniopteris tatungensis and Eboracia lobifolia usually present together; Coniopteris burejensis is distributed widely; the unprecedented prosperity of Coniopteris and Cladophlebis and high diversity, this paper confirms that the Yan'an formation flora belongs to the typical early-middle Jurassic Coniopteris—hoenicopsis flora.The flora was divided into two combinations:the lower combination in the member 1 is characterized by Sphenopsida,the deeper combinations in member 2 and 3 is characterized by Filicopsida and Ginkgopsida.
And compare the Yan'an formation flora with North China's middle Jurassic flora: Mentougou flora of Beijing, Datong flora of Shanxi, the middle Jurassic flora of Irkutsk Basin in Siberia area and the middle Jurassic flora of Yorkshire in Britain.In this paper, the writer proposed new viewpoint of Yan'an Formation. Member 1 belonged to J12,member 2 and 3 belonged to J21. This paper solved the long-time unanswered question of Yan'an formation's geologic period.
地层划分方面,根据延安组含煤地层岩性组合、古生物化石组合及沉积旋回,将该组地层划分为3个岩段,8个亚段。一岩段包括两个亚段,二岩段包括4个亚段,三岩段包括2个亚段。地层对比方面,充分利用标志层法、煤层间距法、岩性组合法、地震波阻抗追索法古生物组合法等多种方法进行综合对比,做了5条NE—SW向探线与NW—SE向3条勘探线连井综合对比图,达到全区综合地层对比的结果。对于延安组煤炭资源进一步勘探开发具有重要的应用价值。
延安组地质时代一直存在争议,本次论文研究以柴登勘查区发现的大量古植物化石组成的延安组植物群为主要研究对象,根据其组合特征中,Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Coniopteris tatungensis, Eboracia lobifolia三个种经常共同出现与Coniopteris burejensis大量分布,以及Coniopteris, Cladophlebis两属的空前繁荣与高分异度确定延安组植物群为中国北方地区典型的早中侏罗世Coniopteris—hoenicopsis植物群。将延安组植物群分为上下两个植物组合,一岩段楔叶纲为显著特征的下部组合与二、三段以真蕨类、银杏类为主上部组合。
将延安组植物群与中国北方中侏罗世北京门头沟植物群、山西大同组植物群以及国外的西伯利亚地区伊尔库茨克盆地中侏罗植物群、英国约克郡中侏罗植物群,提出对延安组时代的新认识,一岩段下组合属于早侏罗世晚期,二、三岩段上组合属于中侏罗世早期。解决了延安组长期悬而未决的时代归属问题。
Chaideng prospecting region of Dongsheng Coal Field locates in the northeast of Ordos Basin. In stratigraphic division, the mesozoic-cenozoic belongs to Ordos Strata of Shanganning stratigraphic area. For tectonic position, it locates in the depression of Ordos platform and the mid-west of Dongsheng upheaval zone. And as a whole, it belongs to monoclinal structure of SW direction. According to study on the Chaideng prospecting region, this paper carries out stratigraphic division and correlation to the Yan'an formation that is coal-bearing strata inside the region, and confirm its geologic period.
In the stratigraphic division, according to lithological combination, paleontology combin-ation and sedimentary cycle of coal-bearing strata of the Yan'an formation, this paper divides it into 3 members and 8 sub-members. The first member includes 2 sub-members; the second member includes 4 sub-members; the third member includes 2 sub-members. In the stratigrap-hic correlation, this paper carries out comprehensive comparison by making full use of some methods such as marker beds, coal seam spacing, lithological combination and tracing of seismic acoustic impedance etc., based on which the comprehensive maps of comparison of well connection are finished along 5 prospecting lines of NE-SW direction and 3 prospecting lines of NW-SE direction.These work achieve the result of all regional stratigraphic correlation, and supply important application value.Yanan famation's further exploration and development of coal resource.
Controversy remains regarding the geological period of the Yan'an formation. This paper focuses on the Yan'an formation flora formed by a large number of paleobotany fossils which are found in this region. Based on their combination characteristics:Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Coniopteris tatungensis and Eboracia lobifolia usually present together; Coniopteris burejensis is distributed widely; the unprecedented prosperity of Coniopteris and Cladophlebis and high diversity, this paper confirms that the Yan'an formation flora belongs to the typical early-middle Jurassic Coniopteris—hoenicopsis flora.The flora was divided into two combinations:the lower combination in the member 1 is characterized by Sphenopsida,the deeper combinations in member 2 and 3 is characterized by Filicopsida and Ginkgopsida.
And compare the Yan'an formation flora with North China's middle Jurassic flora: Mentougou flora of Beijing, Datong flora of Shanxi, the middle Jurassic flora of Irkutsk Basin in Siberia area and the middle Jurassic flora of Yorkshire in Britain.In this paper, the writer proposed new viewpoint of Yan'an Formation. Member 1 belonged to J12,member 2 and 3 belonged to J21. This paper solved the long-time unanswered question of Yan'an formation's geologic period.
引文
1.张泓,白清昭,张笑薇,高选政,何宗莲,李恒堂,吕志发.鄂尔多斯聚煤盆地的形成及构造环境[J].煤田地质与勘探,1995,23(03)：1-9.
2.杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律.[M]北京：石油工业出版社,2002：3-52.
3.中国煤田地质总局.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1996：90-204.
4.王思恩.中国的侏罗系.[M]北京：地质出版社.1989：1-350.
5.国地质科学院地质研究所.陕甘宁盆地中生代地层古生物(上)[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：30-115.
6.中国地质调查局地层古生物研究中心.中国各地质时代地层划分与对比[M].北京：地质出版社,2005：396-411.
7.中国地层典编委会.中国地层典：侏罗系[M].北京：地质出版社,2000：4-128.
8.郑孟林,金之钧,王毅,刘池阳,徐高中.鄂尔多斯盆地北部中新生代构造特征及其演化[J],地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(03)：31-36.
9.成素琴.鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区地层划分与对比.[J]内蒙古石油化工,2008,(18)：125-126.
10.葛玉辉,孙春林,刘茂修.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘延安组划分与对比.[J],地层学杂志,2007,31,(02)：152-156.
11.林文姬,汤达祯,徐凤银,许浩,刘艳红.彬长地区延安组层序地层划分[J],中国煤炭地质,2009,21,(10)：5-8.
12.聂浩刚,董福辰,赵维宽,席忠.东胜煤田含煤岩系层序地层特征与聚煤规律分析——以东胜煤田阿不亥煤炭勘查区为例[J],中国煤炭地质,2011,23,(02)：11-16.
13.白卫卫.鄂尔多斯盆地南部侏罗系延安组沉积体系研究.[D].西安：西北大学,2007：43-51.
14.赵俊峰,刘池洋,喻林,梁积伟,黄雷.鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗世直罗—安定期沉积构造特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27,(02)：160-165.
15.梁积伟.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系沉积体系和层序地层学研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007：100-113.
16.杨磊.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪延安期原始盆地恢复.[D].西安：西北大学,2007：47-73.
17.何卫军.鄂尔多斯盆地南部侏罗系直罗组—安定组沉积体系研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007：18-53.
18.姜在兴.沉积学[M],北京：石油工业出版社,2003：1-399.
19.聂浩刚,董福辰,赵维宽.东胜煤田阿不亥勘查区侏罗系主要煤层对比研究[J],西北地质,2011,44(1)：136-142.
20.贾强.山东聊城地区阿城镇煤田二叠系生物群及其地层划分[D].山东科技大学,2005
21.李殿华.东胜煤田乌兰希里区煤岩层对比[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(2)：157-160.
22.罗群,郑德山.地质-地震综合地层划分对比法及其应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(1)：26-30.
23.桑树勋,.李壮富,范炳恒,陈世悦.序地层格架与煤岩层对比——层序地层学在山西阳曲煤田普查勘探中的应用.[J].沉积学报,2011,19(4)：556-561.
24.符俊辉.西北地区侏罗纪地质事件及其在地层划分对比中的意义[J]..沉积学报,1998,16(3)：147-151.
25.邓胜徽,姚益民,叶得泉.中国北方侏罗系-地层总述.[M]北京：石油工业出版社,2003,111-124.
26.内蒙古自治区地质局,东北地质科学研究所.华北地区古生物图册.内蒙古分册(二)中、新生代部分[M].北京：地质出版社,1976：179-200.
27.葛玉辉,孙春林,刘茂修.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗统延安组植物群与古气候分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2)：164-167.
28.杨关秀.古植物图册[M].武汉：武汉地质学院古生物教研室,1985：1-236.
29.杨关秀.古植物学[M].武汉：地质出版社,1994：1-325.
30.中国地质科学院地质研究所.陕甘宁盆地中生代地层古生物(下)[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：48-54.
31.葛玉辉.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗世地层及植物群[D].长春：吉林大学,2004：1-41.
32.斯行健.新疆西北部准噶尔盆地中生代含油地层的植物群[J].古生物学报,1956,4(4)：461-476.
33.斯行健、周志炎.中国中生代陆相地层[M].科学出版社,1962：1-180.
34.斯行健、李星学等.中国中生代植物[M].北京：科学出版社,1963：1-429.
35.周志炎、李佩娟.从古植物学观点讨论中国中生代陆相地层的划分、对比和时代.[A].国际交流地质学术论文集4地层古生物[C].北京：地质出版社,1980：80-91.
36.陈芬、窦亚伟、黄其胜.北京西山侏罗纪植物群[M].北京：地质出版社1984：1-136.
37.常江林,高强.山西宁武煤田大同组植物群特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,24(1)：4-8
38.常江林,任斗金,高强.山西宁武煤田的大同组[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(4)：268-269.
39. Doludenko M P,Lebedev E L. Ginkgoites and G."huttoni" of East Siberia.[J]. Trans Acad Sci USSR,1972:1-230.
40. Doludenko M P,Orlovskaya E R. Jurassic flora of the Karatau Range, Southern Kazakhstan [J]. Palaeontology,1976,19(4):627-640.
41.Samylina V A.Systermatics of the genus Phoenicopsis.//Mesozoic Plants(Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales)of East Siberia[J]. Trans Acad SciUSSR,1972,1-230.
42. Vakhrameev V A. Jurassic flora of USSR.Palaeobotanis.14:[M], USSR,1965,1-118.
43. Vakhrameev V A. Jurassic flora of Middle Asia.Palaeobot(Spec).2[M]. USSR,1974: 58-65.
44. Harris T M. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound,East Greenland.l.Cryptogams(exclusive of Lycopodales).[M].Medd.om Groenland,1931:1-102
45. Harris T M. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound,East Greenland.[M].Medd.omGroenland, 1932:1-112.
46. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora, Ⅰ Thallophyta-Pteridophyte [M], London:Brit. Mus.(Nat.Hist),1961:1-204.
47. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora, Ⅱ Cytoniales,Cycadals and Pteridosperms. [M], London:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist),1964:1-191
48. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora,ⅢBennettitales,[M]London:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist), 1969:1-186.
49. Harris T M,Millagton W,Miller JThe Yorkshire Jurassic floraⅣGinkgoales and Czekanowskiales. [M],London.:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist),1974:1-150.
50. Heer O. Beitraege zur Jura-flora Ostsibiriens und des Amurlands[J].Mem Acad Imp Sci St Petersboury,Ser.7,1876,22(12):1-122.
51.米家榕,孙春林,孙跃武,崔尚森,艾永亮著.冀北辽西早、中侏罗世植物古生态学及聚煤环境[M].北京：地质出版社,1996：1-169.
52.斯行建.鄂西香溪煤系植物化石.中国古生物志.新甲种2号.总号133册[M].中央地质 调查所印行,1944：30-45.
53.吴舜卿,叶美娜,厉宝贤.鄂西香溪群—晚三叠世及早、中侏罗世植物化石[M].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,1980,14号：63-131.
54.马清温,王宇飞,陈永吉等.北京西山侏罗纪大同锥叶蕨的研究[J].植物分类学报,1998,36(2)：173-177.
55.李佩娟、何元良、吴向午等.青海柴达木盆地东北缘早、中侏罗世地层及植物群[M].1988南京：南京大学出版社,1-231.
56.江德听,王永栋.内蒙古东胜中侏罗世延安组孢粉组合(英文)[J].Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002,(02),230-238.
57. Zhou Z Y,Zhang B L. Baiera hallei Sze and associated ovule-bearing organs from the Middle Jurassic of Henan,China[J]. Palaeontology,B,224,1992:151-169.
2.杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律.[M]北京：石油工业出版社,2002：3-52.
3.中国煤田地质总局.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1996：90-204.
4.王思恩.中国的侏罗系.[M]北京：地质出版社.1989：1-350.
5.国地质科学院地质研究所.陕甘宁盆地中生代地层古生物(上)[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：30-115.
6.中国地质调查局地层古生物研究中心.中国各地质时代地层划分与对比[M].北京：地质出版社,2005：396-411.
7.中国地层典编委会.中国地层典：侏罗系[M].北京：地质出版社,2000：4-128.
8.郑孟林,金之钧,王毅,刘池阳,徐高中.鄂尔多斯盆地北部中新生代构造特征及其演化[J],地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(03)：31-36.
9.成素琴.鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区地层划分与对比.[J]内蒙古石油化工,2008,(18)：125-126.
10.葛玉辉,孙春林,刘茂修.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘延安组划分与对比.[J],地层学杂志,2007,31,(02)：152-156.
11.林文姬,汤达祯,徐凤银,许浩,刘艳红.彬长地区延安组层序地层划分[J],中国煤炭地质,2009,21,(10)：5-8.
12.聂浩刚,董福辰,赵维宽,席忠.东胜煤田含煤岩系层序地层特征与聚煤规律分析——以东胜煤田阿不亥煤炭勘查区为例[J],中国煤炭地质,2011,23,(02)：11-16.
13.白卫卫.鄂尔多斯盆地南部侏罗系延安组沉积体系研究.[D].西安：西北大学,2007：43-51.
14.赵俊峰,刘池洋,喻林,梁积伟,黄雷.鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗世直罗—安定期沉积构造特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27,(02)：160-165.
15.梁积伟.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系沉积体系和层序地层学研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007：100-113.
16.杨磊.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪延安期原始盆地恢复.[D].西安：西北大学,2007：47-73.
17.何卫军.鄂尔多斯盆地南部侏罗系直罗组—安定组沉积体系研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007：18-53.
18.姜在兴.沉积学[M],北京：石油工业出版社,2003：1-399.
19.聂浩刚,董福辰,赵维宽.东胜煤田阿不亥勘查区侏罗系主要煤层对比研究[J],西北地质,2011,44(1)：136-142.
20.贾强.山东聊城地区阿城镇煤田二叠系生物群及其地层划分[D].山东科技大学,2005
21.李殿华.东胜煤田乌兰希里区煤岩层对比[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(2)：157-160.
22.罗群,郑德山.地质-地震综合地层划分对比法及其应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(1)：26-30.
23.桑树勋,.李壮富,范炳恒,陈世悦.序地层格架与煤岩层对比——层序地层学在山西阳曲煤田普查勘探中的应用.[J].沉积学报,2011,19(4)：556-561.
24.符俊辉.西北地区侏罗纪地质事件及其在地层划分对比中的意义[J]..沉积学报,1998,16(3)：147-151.
25.邓胜徽,姚益民,叶得泉.中国北方侏罗系-地层总述.[M]北京：石油工业出版社,2003,111-124.
26.内蒙古自治区地质局,东北地质科学研究所.华北地区古生物图册.内蒙古分册(二)中、新生代部分[M].北京：地质出版社,1976：179-200.
27.葛玉辉,孙春林,刘茂修.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗统延安组植物群与古气候分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2)：164-167.
28.杨关秀.古植物图册[M].武汉：武汉地质学院古生物教研室,1985：1-236.
29.杨关秀.古植物学[M].武汉：地质出版社,1994：1-325.
30.中国地质科学院地质研究所.陕甘宁盆地中生代地层古生物(下)[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：48-54.
31.葛玉辉.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗世地层及植物群[D].长春：吉林大学,2004：1-41.
32.斯行健.新疆西北部准噶尔盆地中生代含油地层的植物群[J].古生物学报,1956,4(4)：461-476.
33.斯行健、周志炎.中国中生代陆相地层[M].科学出版社,1962：1-180.
34.斯行健、李星学等.中国中生代植物[M].北京：科学出版社,1963：1-429.
35.周志炎、李佩娟.从古植物学观点讨论中国中生代陆相地层的划分、对比和时代.[A].国际交流地质学术论文集4地层古生物[C].北京：地质出版社,1980：80-91.
36.陈芬、窦亚伟、黄其胜.北京西山侏罗纪植物群[M].北京：地质出版社1984：1-136.
37.常江林,高强.山西宁武煤田大同组植物群特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,24(1)：4-8
38.常江林,任斗金,高强.山西宁武煤田的大同组[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(4)：268-269.
39. Doludenko M P,Lebedev E L. Ginkgoites and G."huttoni" of East Siberia.[J]. Trans Acad Sci USSR,1972:1-230.
40. Doludenko M P,Orlovskaya E R. Jurassic flora of the Karatau Range, Southern Kazakhstan [J]. Palaeontology,1976,19(4):627-640.
41.Samylina V A.Systermatics of the genus Phoenicopsis.//Mesozoic Plants(Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales)of East Siberia[J]. Trans Acad SciUSSR,1972,1-230.
42. Vakhrameev V A. Jurassic flora of USSR.Palaeobotanis.14:[M], USSR,1965,1-118.
43. Vakhrameev V A. Jurassic flora of Middle Asia.Palaeobot(Spec).2[M]. USSR,1974: 58-65.
44. Harris T M. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound,East Greenland.l.Cryptogams(exclusive of Lycopodales).[M].Medd.om Groenland,1931:1-102
45. Harris T M. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound,East Greenland.[M].Medd.omGroenland, 1932:1-112.
46. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora, Ⅰ Thallophyta-Pteridophyte [M], London:Brit. Mus.(Nat.Hist),1961:1-204.
47. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora, Ⅱ Cytoniales,Cycadals and Pteridosperms. [M], London:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist),1964:1-191
48. Harris T M. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora,ⅢBennettitales,[M]London:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist), 1969:1-186.
49. Harris T M,Millagton W,Miller JThe Yorkshire Jurassic floraⅣGinkgoales and Czekanowskiales. [M],London.:Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist),1974:1-150.
50. Heer O. Beitraege zur Jura-flora Ostsibiriens und des Amurlands[J].Mem Acad Imp Sci St Petersboury,Ser.7,1876,22(12):1-122.
51.米家榕,孙春林,孙跃武,崔尚森,艾永亮著.冀北辽西早、中侏罗世植物古生态学及聚煤环境[M].北京：地质出版社,1996：1-169.
52.斯行建.鄂西香溪煤系植物化石.中国古生物志.新甲种2号.总号133册[M].中央地质 调查所印行,1944：30-45.
53.吴舜卿,叶美娜,厉宝贤.鄂西香溪群—晚三叠世及早、中侏罗世植物化石[M].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,1980,14号：63-131.
54.马清温,王宇飞,陈永吉等.北京西山侏罗纪大同锥叶蕨的研究[J].植物分类学报,1998,36(2)：173-177.
55.李佩娟、何元良、吴向午等.青海柴达木盆地东北缘早、中侏罗世地层及植物群[M].1988南京：南京大学出版社,1-231.
56.江德听,王永栋.内蒙古东胜中侏罗世延安组孢粉组合(英文)[J].Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002,(02),230-238.
57. Zhou Z Y,Zhang B L. Baiera hallei Sze and associated ovule-bearing organs from the Middle Jurassic of Henan,China[J]. Palaeontology,B,224,1992:151-169.