矿山地质环境影响程度评价及保护与治理研究
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摘要
近年来,随着人类社会经济活动的不断增强,人们对自然资源的过度索取,矿山地质环境问题日趋严重。目前,对单一的矿山地质环境问题进行了较多的研究,但考虑多种影响因素对矿山整体的多种地质环境问题的研究还处于起步阶段。因此对矿山地质环境影响程度评估并进行分区,可以为政府部门对进行矿山地质环境保护及治理提供科学依据,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。
本文通过对青海省江仓四井田进行实地调查,获得了矿山开发的地质环境背景、开采方式及开发现状等一手资料。通过对矿山地质环境背景和矿山开发现状的分析研究,总结出江仓四井田的矿山地质环境问题主要为土地资源及土壤环境、水资源及水环境、地质灾害三方面,确定研究区的面积为9.9375km2。
文章将研究区剖分为84个评价单元,选取13个因子作为一级评价因子,建立评价体系及评价模型,运用灰色关联度法和多级模糊综合评判对江仓四井田矿山地质环境影响程度分别进行了评价,根据评价结果及矿山实际情况将研究区分为三个区,即矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区和一般区。
结果证明,选取的评价因子、体系和评价方法是可靠有效的,符合实际情况,并根据评价结果提出简易的矿山地质环境保护与治理措施。
In recent year,with the development of people's social and economic activity,and people's excessive exploitation of natural resources,the problem of our country mining geo-enviroment is more and more serious.At present,there are so many researches about single problem of mining geo-enviroment,but the sdudy on whole mining geo-enviromental problems,which has kinds of problems of geo-enviroment that think about many influencing factors,is just at the very beginning.As a result, evaluating and dividing mining geo-enviroment can provide scientific basis for the government carry the case of protection and governance of mining geo-enviromental problems,so the research is of great theory value and actual meaning.
As investigation on the 4th mine of Jiangcang in Qinghai Province has got a lot of first hand data for the paper such as mining geo-environment background,exploit method and mining develop current situation.By the fact that analysis to mining geo-environment background and problems of ining develop current situation studies, summarizing that the main mining geo-environment problem of the 4th mine of Jiangcang are resources of soil and water, environment of soil and water, geologic hazard.And to ascertain that the area to study is 9.9375km2.
The studied area was divided into 84 evaluated units,and the analysis of the assessment system and model were established with 13 first level assessment factors. Applying two methods of grey relationship and multi-fuzzy synthesize evaluation to assessment of mining geo-enviroment influence in the 4th mine of Jiangcang.The studied area was divided into 3 parts which according to the evaluation and actual circumstance:the influence of mining geo-enviroment is serious, less serious and normal.The result has testified that assessment factors,evaluation system and method chosen are reliable and effective,matcing the actual circumstance.According to the evaluation,the measure to protect and govern mining geo-environment were set forth.
本文通过对青海省江仓四井田进行实地调查,获得了矿山开发的地质环境背景、开采方式及开发现状等一手资料。通过对矿山地质环境背景和矿山开发现状的分析研究,总结出江仓四井田的矿山地质环境问题主要为土地资源及土壤环境、水资源及水环境、地质灾害三方面,确定研究区的面积为9.9375km2。
文章将研究区剖分为84个评价单元,选取13个因子作为一级评价因子,建立评价体系及评价模型,运用灰色关联度法和多级模糊综合评判对江仓四井田矿山地质环境影响程度分别进行了评价,根据评价结果及矿山实际情况将研究区分为三个区,即矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区和一般区。
结果证明,选取的评价因子、体系和评价方法是可靠有效的,符合实际情况,并根据评价结果提出简易的矿山地质环境保护与治理措施。
In recent year,with the development of people's social and economic activity,and people's excessive exploitation of natural resources,the problem of our country mining geo-enviroment is more and more serious.At present,there are so many researches about single problem of mining geo-enviroment,but the sdudy on whole mining geo-enviromental problems,which has kinds of problems of geo-enviroment that think about many influencing factors,is just at the very beginning.As a result, evaluating and dividing mining geo-enviroment can provide scientific basis for the government carry the case of protection and governance of mining geo-enviromental problems,so the research is of great theory value and actual meaning.
As investigation on the 4th mine of Jiangcang in Qinghai Province has got a lot of first hand data for the paper such as mining geo-environment background,exploit method and mining develop current situation.By the fact that analysis to mining geo-environment background and problems of ining develop current situation studies, summarizing that the main mining geo-environment problem of the 4th mine of Jiangcang are resources of soil and water, environment of soil and water, geologic hazard.And to ascertain that the area to study is 9.9375km2.
The studied area was divided into 84 evaluated units,and the analysis of the assessment system and model were established with 13 first level assessment factors. Applying two methods of grey relationship and multi-fuzzy synthesize evaluation to assessment of mining geo-enviroment influence in the 4th mine of Jiangcang.The studied area was divided into 3 parts which according to the evaluation and actual circumstance:the influence of mining geo-enviroment is serious, less serious and normal.The result has testified that assessment factors,evaluation system and method chosen are reliable and effective,matcing the actual circumstance.According to the evaluation,the measure to protect and govern mining geo-environment were set forth.
引文
[1]《我国矿山生态环境与保护现状》,陕西省国土资源厅,2009
[2]李艳、王恩德、沈丽霞,《矿山环境影响评价内容和程序探讨》,环境保护科学,2005,31(130)
[3]成玉祥,天水地区地质环境质量系统评价及可持续发展对策研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2003.5
[4]林炳营,《环境地学基础》,北京：科学技术文献出版社,1989
[5]闫满存等,区域地质环境质量研究的现状与趋势,地球科学进展,1998,14(4)
[6]张骏、苏生瑞等著,青海省柴达木盆地地区环境地质调查报告,长安大学,2001
[7]黄玉焕,《矿山开采对环境的影响及防治措施》,冶金矿山设计与建设,2001(6)：32-34
[8]杨毅,神木县矿山地质环境影响评价研究,西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.4
[9]欧正东编著,《环境地学的理论与应用研究》,成都科技大学出版社,1994
[10]刘传正著,《环境工程地质学导论》,北京：地质出版社,1995
[11]胡广韬编著,《环境工程地质学基础》,西安地质学院(内部教材),1992
[12]Milan Matula:Regional Engineering Geological Evaluation for Planning Purposes, Bulletin of the International, Association of Engineering Geology No.19,1979
[13]彭建兵、张骏等著,《渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害》,西安：西北大学出版社,1992
[14]陈学军,《矿山开发对环境质量的影响》,桂林工学院学报,1996(1)：83-86
[15]张梁、张业成等著,《地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践》,北京：地质出版社,1998
[16]陈亚宁等,基于可持续发展的环境地质灾害研究,中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(4)
[17]汤中立、李小虎、焦健刚等,矿山地质环境问题及防治对策,地球科学与环境学报,2005.6
[18]周书东、王晓霞、李廷芥,《煤田开采诱发环境地质问题及防治对策》,水土保持研究,2007(10)：10-13
[19]David I.Stern.The contribution of the mining sector sustainability in developing countries[J],Ecological Economics,1995,13(2):64～67
[20]于崇文等,《数学地质的方法与应用》,北京：冶金工业出版社,1980
[21]谭卓英等,城市地质环境质量信息权综合评价方法研究,广西大学学报(自然科学版),1996.6
[22]郦桂芬,《环境质量评价》,北京：中国环境科学出版社,1989
[23]周爱国等著,《地质环境质量评价理论与应用》,中国地质大学出版社,1998
[24]胡永宏、贺思辉编著,《综合评价方法》,北京：科学出版社,2000
[25]李国光,周至县地质环境质量评价研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.12
[26]王旭祥,运城城区地质环境质量评价及可持续发展对策研究,长安大学硕士学文论文,2005.12
[27]郜洪强,模糊数学综合评判法在区域地质环境质量评价中的应用—以冀西北地区为例,水文地质与工程地质,1995年第6期
[28]时光新,高宝柱,模糊模式识别法在地质环境质量评价中的应用,勘察科学技术,1998(1)
[29]张骏、杜东菊、彭建兵等,《环境工程地质质量多级模糊综合评判的基本思想与步骤》,全国环 境工程地质学术会议论文,1989.7
[30]何新贵著,《模糊知识处理的理论与技术》,国防工业出版社,1998
[31]卢京,模糊数学综合评判法在水质污染评价中的应用,宁夏农学院学报,1998,19(3)
[32]张骏、苏生瑞等,《渭河盆地斜坡带稳定性两级模糊综合评判》,勘察科学技术.1998,4
[33]李凡著,《模糊信息处理系统》,北京：北京大学出版社,1998
[34]刘康兰、袁浩,模糊综合评判在环境质量评价中的应用,环境工程,第18卷第1期,2000
[35]Yang Zhimin Lin Ming:A Fussy Neural Network Based on Fuzzy Weighted Reasoning Method, Joural of Anhui Institute of Architecture, vol.10 no.1,2002
[36]邓聚龙编著,《灰色系统基本方法》,武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005
[37]LU Guo-bin,ZHANG-Lang,LIU Zhi-bin.Grey associated analysis of the undergroundwater quality effected by the leaching water of dumping area or hillock of coal mine[J].Journal of coal science&engineering,2003,9(2)
[38]卢婷,基于GIS的黄土高原河谷型城市地质环境质量评价系统研究——以延安市为例,长安大学硕士学位论文,2007-3
[39]许英霞、甘德清,《多层次多级模糊数学在金属矿山地质灾害及孕灾环境综合评价》,中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,27(1)：146-151
[40]蔡鹤生、周爱国、唐朝辉,地质环境质量评价中的专家—层次分析定权法[J]，中国地质大学学报,1998,23(2)：299-302
[41]蔡鹤生等,地质环境质量评价中的专家—层次分析定权法,中国地质大学学报,1998,23(3)
[42]范文、刘雪梅、高德彬、苏生瑞等,主成分分析法在地质灾害危险性综合评价中的应用,西安工程学院学报,2001,23(4)：53-57
[43]铁永波、唐川、周春华,层次分析法在城市灾害应尽能力评价中的应用,地质灾害与环境保护,2005，16(4)：433-437
[44]A.Bradshaw.Restoration of mined lands-using natural processes[J],ecological Engineering,1997,8:255～269
[45]P Aleotti,R.Chowdhury.1999.Landslide hazard assessment:sunnary reviewand new perspectives.Bull Eng Geol Env,1999,58:21～44
[46]黄于新,广东省矿山地质环境质量综合分区评价研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.4
[47]Mazzoccola D F, Hudson J A.A comprehensive method of mass characterization for indicating natural slope insyability.Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,1996(29):37 ～56
[48]陕西省减灾协会编著,《陕西省重大自然灾害综合研究与防御对策》,西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1993
[49]盛海洋等,我国主要环境地质问题及其灾害防治,黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2001(13)3
[50]徐伟,广安市某矿山环境地质恢复治理的研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.10
[2]李艳、王恩德、沈丽霞,《矿山环境影响评价内容和程序探讨》,环境保护科学,2005,31(130)
[3]成玉祥,天水地区地质环境质量系统评价及可持续发展对策研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2003.5
[4]林炳营,《环境地学基础》,北京：科学技术文献出版社,1989
[5]闫满存等,区域地质环境质量研究的现状与趋势,地球科学进展,1998,14(4)
[6]张骏、苏生瑞等著,青海省柴达木盆地地区环境地质调查报告,长安大学,2001
[7]黄玉焕,《矿山开采对环境的影响及防治措施》,冶金矿山设计与建设,2001(6)：32-34
[8]杨毅,神木县矿山地质环境影响评价研究,西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.4
[9]欧正东编著,《环境地学的理论与应用研究》,成都科技大学出版社,1994
[10]刘传正著,《环境工程地质学导论》,北京：地质出版社,1995
[11]胡广韬编著,《环境工程地质学基础》,西安地质学院(内部教材),1992
[12]Milan Matula:Regional Engineering Geological Evaluation for Planning Purposes, Bulletin of the International, Association of Engineering Geology No.19,1979
[13]彭建兵、张骏等著,《渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害》,西安：西北大学出版社,1992
[14]陈学军,《矿山开发对环境质量的影响》,桂林工学院学报,1996(1)：83-86
[15]张梁、张业成等著,《地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践》,北京：地质出版社,1998
[16]陈亚宁等,基于可持续发展的环境地质灾害研究,中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(4)
[17]汤中立、李小虎、焦健刚等,矿山地质环境问题及防治对策,地球科学与环境学报,2005.6
[18]周书东、王晓霞、李廷芥,《煤田开采诱发环境地质问题及防治对策》,水土保持研究,2007(10)：10-13
[19]David I.Stern.The contribution of the mining sector sustainability in developing countries[J],Ecological Economics,1995,13(2):64～67
[20]于崇文等,《数学地质的方法与应用》,北京：冶金工业出版社,1980
[21]谭卓英等,城市地质环境质量信息权综合评价方法研究,广西大学学报(自然科学版),1996.6
[22]郦桂芬,《环境质量评价》,北京：中国环境科学出版社,1989
[23]周爱国等著,《地质环境质量评价理论与应用》,中国地质大学出版社,1998
[24]胡永宏、贺思辉编著,《综合评价方法》,北京：科学出版社,2000
[25]李国光,周至县地质环境质量评价研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.12
[26]王旭祥,运城城区地质环境质量评价及可持续发展对策研究,长安大学硕士学文论文,2005.12
[27]郜洪强,模糊数学综合评判法在区域地质环境质量评价中的应用—以冀西北地区为例,水文地质与工程地质,1995年第6期
[28]时光新,高宝柱,模糊模式识别法在地质环境质量评价中的应用,勘察科学技术,1998(1)
[29]张骏、杜东菊、彭建兵等,《环境工程地质质量多级模糊综合评判的基本思想与步骤》,全国环 境工程地质学术会议论文,1989.7
[30]何新贵著,《模糊知识处理的理论与技术》,国防工业出版社,1998
[31]卢京,模糊数学综合评判法在水质污染评价中的应用,宁夏农学院学报,1998,19(3)
[32]张骏、苏生瑞等,《渭河盆地斜坡带稳定性两级模糊综合评判》,勘察科学技术.1998,4
[33]李凡著,《模糊信息处理系统》,北京：北京大学出版社,1998
[34]刘康兰、袁浩,模糊综合评判在环境质量评价中的应用,环境工程,第18卷第1期,2000
[35]Yang Zhimin Lin Ming:A Fussy Neural Network Based on Fuzzy Weighted Reasoning Method, Joural of Anhui Institute of Architecture, vol.10 no.1,2002
[36]邓聚龙编著,《灰色系统基本方法》,武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005
[37]LU Guo-bin,ZHANG-Lang,LIU Zhi-bin.Grey associated analysis of the undergroundwater quality effected by the leaching water of dumping area or hillock of coal mine[J].Journal of coal science&engineering,2003,9(2)
[38]卢婷,基于GIS的黄土高原河谷型城市地质环境质量评价系统研究——以延安市为例,长安大学硕士学位论文,2007-3
[39]许英霞、甘德清,《多层次多级模糊数学在金属矿山地质灾害及孕灾环境综合评价》,中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,27(1)：146-151
[40]蔡鹤生、周爱国、唐朝辉,地质环境质量评价中的专家—层次分析定权法[J]，中国地质大学学报,1998,23(2)：299-302
[41]蔡鹤生等,地质环境质量评价中的专家—层次分析定权法,中国地质大学学报,1998,23(3)
[42]范文、刘雪梅、高德彬、苏生瑞等,主成分分析法在地质灾害危险性综合评价中的应用,西安工程学院学报,2001,23(4)：53-57
[43]铁永波、唐川、周春华,层次分析法在城市灾害应尽能力评价中的应用,地质灾害与环境保护,2005，16(4)：433-437
[44]A.Bradshaw.Restoration of mined lands-using natural processes[J],ecological Engineering,1997,8:255～269
[45]P Aleotti,R.Chowdhury.1999.Landslide hazard assessment:sunnary reviewand new perspectives.Bull Eng Geol Env,1999,58:21～44
[46]黄于新,广东省矿山地质环境质量综合分区评价研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.4
[47]Mazzoccola D F, Hudson J A.A comprehensive method of mass characterization for indicating natural slope insyability.Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,1996(29):37 ～56
[48]陕西省减灾协会编著,《陕西省重大自然灾害综合研究与防御对策》,西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1993
[49]盛海洋等,我国主要环境地质问题及其灾害防治,黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2001(13)3
[50]徐伟,广安市某矿山环境地质恢复治理的研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.10