半干旱区露天矿生态复垦的植物群落学特征
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摘要
为了更深入的了解复垦地不同植物恢复模式的群落学特征,更好的进行复垦地不同植物恢复模式物种多样性监测,于2010年采用CTFS (Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建立标准,在安太堡露天矿区排土场复垦地建立了刺槐+油松混交林永久监测样地,通过对样地调查表明：经过17年恢复后排土场的植物物种组成除复垦初期的刺槐和油松外,还入侵定居了榆树,三者共有10073株活个体,枯死个体68株,占样地内个体总数的0.7%。植被群落优势种为刺槐,其胸高断面积和重要值方面均表现出明显的优势度。乔木群落径级呈明显倒“J”型分布,总体更新状况较好；各树种的径级结构呈峰型或“L”型。树种的空间分布格局随群落恢复时间,表现出明显差异,恢复初期种植刺槐和油松均呈均匀分布,经过17年的恢复期,初期栽植存活的刺槐和油松呈随机分布,而刺槐和榆树的更新个体呈聚集分布,空间分布与种子性质和生境密切相关。
采用点格局分析方法O-ring统计,分析了刺槐油松和榆树在主林层和次林层的空间分布格局,以及各林层之间的种内和种间关联性。结果表明：恢复初期种植种刺槐和油松种群及次林层均呈小尺度聚集性分布,在较大尺度则呈随机分布,主林层则表现为在小尺度呈规则分布而在大尺度则呈随机分布,这与空间格局的研究结果是一致的；而榆树的分布格局与刺槐和油松差异明显。空间关联性分析表明：刺槐和油松种群内不同林层的关联性表现一致,较小尺度上呈正相关而在较大尺度上无关联；而榆树在小尺度上呈负关联,而在较大尺度上又呈现出显著正关联。对三树种不同林层的空间关联性分析表明：油松与刺槐之间无关联,榆树主林层与刺槐和油松各层之间也无明显关联性,而榆树次林层与刺槐和油松各层之间均表现出在小尺度范围内负关联,在较大尺度上正关联的特点。
以安太堡露天煤矿生态复垦区0.8hm2刺槐+油松混交林样地为研究平台,基于样地内320个1m×1m草本样方的调查数据,对复垦17a后草本层的物种组成、基本数量特征和空间分布等进行了初步研究,结果表明：草本层物种组成丰富,共调查到44种植物,隶属于16科30属,其中禾本科和菊科为优势科,黄花蒿、披碱草和大籽蒿为优势种,初期种植的无芒雀麦等退化严重；各分类群在重要值、多度和频度方面的差值较大；但优势科和优势种普遍分布,物种分布呈现明显的空间异质性。
In order to gain insights into the community characteristics of different configuration models and carry out species diversity monitoring in reclaimed land, a0.8hm2permanent plot (Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabuliformis) was established in Antaibao opencast coal mine dump in2010, following the standard census procedure of the Centre for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). The main results were as follows:
Through17a vegetation restoration, there were10073survival individuals in the plot, among which Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis were the species planted in the initial reclamation, while Ulmus pumila was the invasion plant. There were68dead standing trees in the plot, which accounted for0.7%of the total number of species. The statistics of breast-height basal area and the important value showed that Robinia pseudoacacia was obviously dominant species. The size-class distribution of all individuals showed an invert J-shape, which indicated that the community regenerated well. Based on their size-class frequencies, the size-class distribution of the species showed the unimodal shape or L-shape. The analysis of spacial pattern showed that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis planted in the initial reclamation showed uniform distribution, while showed random distribution through17a vegetation restoration. The regeneration individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia and Ulmus pumila showed aggregated distribution. The spacial pattern was closely associated with seed nature and the habitat.
One point pattern analysis method, O-ring statistics, was used to analysis the spatial patterns of the species in overstory layer and understory layer, and the inter-specific association of species. The results showed that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis populations, and the understory layer mainly showed aggregated distributions at relatively smaller scales and random distributions at larger scales. The overstory layer showed even distributions at relatively smaller scales and random distributions at larger scales. All the results above were consistent with the analysis of spatial pattern. The spatial pattern of Ulmus pumila showed significantly difference with Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis. From the analysis of the inter-specific association of species showed that two layers of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis populations showed positive correlation at small scales, while no correlation at large scales. Ulmus pumila showed negative correlation at small scales and positive correlation at large scales. The association of species in two layers showed that there was no correlation between Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis, the overstory layer of Ulmus pumila had no obvious relevance, while the spcae relevance between the updated layer of Ulmus pumila and the each layer of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis showed negative correlation in small scale and positive correlation in large scale.
Based on the herb census of320quadrats (lmxlm) in a0.8hm2plot of Locust+pinus mixed forest of opencast coal mine ecological reclamation area in Antaibao, the species composition, the species composition, basic quantitative properties and spatial pattern of herbs in the area after reclaiming for17years were studied. The results showed that: the plot was rich in herb species. And44species, which subordinate to30genera under16families, were investigated. The dominant families were Poaceae and Asteraceae, and the dominant species were Artemisia annua, Elymus dahuricus and Artemisia sieversiana. The initially planted Bromus inermis has deteriorated badly. The important value, species abundance and frequency were different among families or species. The dominant families and species were distributed widely. However, the spatial patterns of herb layer presented obvious spatial heterogeneity.
采用点格局分析方法O-ring统计,分析了刺槐油松和榆树在主林层和次林层的空间分布格局,以及各林层之间的种内和种间关联性。结果表明：恢复初期种植种刺槐和油松种群及次林层均呈小尺度聚集性分布,在较大尺度则呈随机分布,主林层则表现为在小尺度呈规则分布而在大尺度则呈随机分布,这与空间格局的研究结果是一致的；而榆树的分布格局与刺槐和油松差异明显。空间关联性分析表明：刺槐和油松种群内不同林层的关联性表现一致,较小尺度上呈正相关而在较大尺度上无关联；而榆树在小尺度上呈负关联,而在较大尺度上又呈现出显著正关联。对三树种不同林层的空间关联性分析表明：油松与刺槐之间无关联,榆树主林层与刺槐和油松各层之间也无明显关联性,而榆树次林层与刺槐和油松各层之间均表现出在小尺度范围内负关联,在较大尺度上正关联的特点。
以安太堡露天煤矿生态复垦区0.8hm2刺槐+油松混交林样地为研究平台,基于样地内320个1m×1m草本样方的调查数据,对复垦17a后草本层的物种组成、基本数量特征和空间分布等进行了初步研究,结果表明：草本层物种组成丰富,共调查到44种植物,隶属于16科30属,其中禾本科和菊科为优势科,黄花蒿、披碱草和大籽蒿为优势种,初期种植的无芒雀麦等退化严重；各分类群在重要值、多度和频度方面的差值较大；但优势科和优势种普遍分布,物种分布呈现明显的空间异质性。
In order to gain insights into the community characteristics of different configuration models and carry out species diversity monitoring in reclaimed land, a0.8hm2permanent plot (Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabuliformis) was established in Antaibao opencast coal mine dump in2010, following the standard census procedure of the Centre for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). The main results were as follows:
Through17a vegetation restoration, there were10073survival individuals in the plot, among which Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis were the species planted in the initial reclamation, while Ulmus pumila was the invasion plant. There were68dead standing trees in the plot, which accounted for0.7%of the total number of species. The statistics of breast-height basal area and the important value showed that Robinia pseudoacacia was obviously dominant species. The size-class distribution of all individuals showed an invert J-shape, which indicated that the community regenerated well. Based on their size-class frequencies, the size-class distribution of the species showed the unimodal shape or L-shape. The analysis of spacial pattern showed that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis planted in the initial reclamation showed uniform distribution, while showed random distribution through17a vegetation restoration. The regeneration individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia and Ulmus pumila showed aggregated distribution. The spacial pattern was closely associated with seed nature and the habitat.
One point pattern analysis method, O-ring statistics, was used to analysis the spatial patterns of the species in overstory layer and understory layer, and the inter-specific association of species. The results showed that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis populations, and the understory layer mainly showed aggregated distributions at relatively smaller scales and random distributions at larger scales. The overstory layer showed even distributions at relatively smaller scales and random distributions at larger scales. All the results above were consistent with the analysis of spatial pattern. The spatial pattern of Ulmus pumila showed significantly difference with Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis. From the analysis of the inter-specific association of species showed that two layers of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis populations showed positive correlation at small scales, while no correlation at large scales. Ulmus pumila showed negative correlation at small scales and positive correlation at large scales. The association of species in two layers showed that there was no correlation between Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis, the overstory layer of Ulmus pumila had no obvious relevance, while the spcae relevance between the updated layer of Ulmus pumila and the each layer of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis showed negative correlation in small scale and positive correlation in large scale.
Based on the herb census of320quadrats (lmxlm) in a0.8hm2plot of Locust+pinus mixed forest of opencast coal mine ecological reclamation area in Antaibao, the species composition, the species composition, basic quantitative properties and spatial pattern of herbs in the area after reclaiming for17years were studied. The results showed that: the plot was rich in herb species. And44species, which subordinate to30genera under16families, were investigated. The dominant families were Poaceae and Asteraceae, and the dominant species were Artemisia annua, Elymus dahuricus and Artemisia sieversiana. The initially planted Bromus inermis has deteriorated badly. The important value, species abundance and frequency were different among families or species. The dominant families and species were distributed widely. However, the spatial patterns of herb layer presented obvious spatial heterogeneity.
引文
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