天然气冷凝热水器燃烧研究
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摘要
本文对天然气冷凝式热水器的燃烧进行了理论分析，特别是对完全预混式冷凝热水器的燃烧进行了理论分析，并且进行了实验研究。在理论上阐述了完全预混式燃烧器火焰稳定原理、燃烧的稳定性和影响火焰传播速度的几种因素。通过实验研究得到了火孔热强度与过剩空气系数、燃烧稳定性的实验数据；火孔深度与燃烧稳定性试验数据；火孔热强度与火焰温度的实验数据等，通过上述试验数据为获得比较理想的天然气冷凝式热水器燃烧器模型提供依据。
天然气冷凝式热水器在传统的热水器基础上增加了烟气的显热和潜热换热，其热效率大大提高。但是由于完全预混式燃烧器火焰短且温度高，增加了火焰向燃烧器的传热，造成燃烧器头部过热，使材料老化加快。这就需要优化燃烧器的结构尺寸，再者，当空气量过多或超负荷下，发生离焰，导致燃烧恶化、火焰熄灭，需要有辅助火焰和钝体稳焰。通过实验研究，优化燃烧器尺寸，改善火焰的燃烧稳定性。
通过以上的实验研究提出了燃气冷凝式热水器的燃烧器的设计与计算方法，以及维持火焰燃烧稳定性的措施及方法。为燃气冷凝式热水器燃烧器设计提供参考。
The present paper expounds the combustion of condensing gas water heaters theorically, especially the burning of the fully aerated water heater, and we have made experimental researches.
The article elaborates on the theory of flame stability, combustion equilibrium, and some factors affecting flame propagation speed. We got the experimental data between fine hole heat intensity and excess air coefficient and combustion equilibrium, the data between the depth of fine hole and combustion equilibrium, the data between firehole heat intensity and flame temperature by experiment. By comparing the above data, we've got practical model of condensing gas water heaters.
The exothermic, latent and exchangeable heat of condensing gas water heater's smoke and steam which is added to the traditional heater, raises heat efficiency greatly. But the short flame and high temperature of fully aerated burners conduct more heat through burners and that causes the head of burners overheat and material the size and structure of burners. Besides, the excess air or excess load will cause flame lift , combustion exacerbation and flame off , and that needs auxiliary flame and flame retention by inactive substance .
We can improve combustion stability by designing the size of burners through experimental study. We've brought up the design and calculating methods of condensing gas water heater, and approaches of flame retention. As a reference for designing condensing gas water heaters.
天然气冷凝式热水器在传统的热水器基础上增加了烟气的显热和潜热换热，其热效率大大提高。但是由于完全预混式燃烧器火焰短且温度高，增加了火焰向燃烧器的传热，造成燃烧器头部过热，使材料老化加快。这就需要优化燃烧器的结构尺寸，再者，当空气量过多或超负荷下，发生离焰，导致燃烧恶化、火焰熄灭，需要有辅助火焰和钝体稳焰。通过实验研究，优化燃烧器尺寸，改善火焰的燃烧稳定性。
通过以上的实验研究提出了燃气冷凝式热水器的燃烧器的设计与计算方法，以及维持火焰燃烧稳定性的措施及方法。为燃气冷凝式热水器燃烧器设计提供参考。
The present paper expounds the combustion of condensing gas water heaters theorically, especially the burning of the fully aerated water heater, and we have made experimental researches.
The article elaborates on the theory of flame stability, combustion equilibrium, and some factors affecting flame propagation speed. We got the experimental data between fine hole heat intensity and excess air coefficient and combustion equilibrium, the data between the depth of fine hole and combustion equilibrium, the data between firehole heat intensity and flame temperature by experiment. By comparing the above data, we've got practical model of condensing gas water heaters.
The exothermic, latent and exchangeable heat of condensing gas water heater's smoke and steam which is added to the traditional heater, raises heat efficiency greatly. But the short flame and high temperature of fully aerated burners conduct more heat through burners and that causes the head of burners overheat and material the size and structure of burners. Besides, the excess air or excess load will cause flame lift , combustion exacerbation and flame off , and that needs auxiliary flame and flame retention by inactive substance .
We can improve combustion stability by designing the size of burners through experimental study. We've brought up the design and calculating methods of condensing gas water heater, and approaches of flame retention. As a reference for designing condensing gas water heaters.
引文
1 金志刚，燃气测试技术手册，天津大学出版社
2 徐吉浣，燃气测试技术，同济大学出版社
3 燃气燃烧与应用(第三版)，中国建筑工业出版社
4 姜正侯，燃气工程技术手册，同济大学出版社
5 钱申贤，燃气燃烧原理，中国建筑工业出版社
6 车得福，冷凝式锅炉及其系统，机械工业出版社
7 冯耀宏，强制鼓风式燃气热水器的风量调节，《家用燃气具》，2002．5
8 张柄卫，金属纤维燃烧器，《家用燃气具》，2002．3
9 楼应，脉冲燃烧器的发展和应用，《家用燃气具》，2001．4
10 彭惠平，强鼓式燃气热水器风气联动控制系统的设计应用，《家用燃气具》，2001．6
11 马文普，燃气与空气的混合对燃烧的影响，《家用燃气具》，2001．4
12 藏子旋，冷凝式燃气快速热水器排烟温度的探讨，《煤气与热力》，1999．1
13 金志刚，快速热水器历史沿革与发展趋势，《家用燃气具》，2002．2
14 金志刚，燃气集中供热、单户采暖与新热源，《家用燃气具》，2002．4
15 曹健，壁挂式燃气锅炉发展走势的探讨，《家用燃气具》，2002．
16 姜正侯，燃气燃烧与应用，中国建筑工业出版社
17 冯耀宏，高热负荷、高热效率燃气灶的研制，《家用燃气具》，2004．3
18 翁德宏，燃气灶阀总成喷咀前压力的确定方法，《家用燃气具》，2004．3
19 k. Furumai,"The high-load high-efficiency instantaneous gas water heater", 84 international gas research conference
20 J. X. Wen, L. Y. Huang, "Numerical study of condensing boiler heat exchanger".
21 "Burner developments for condersing boiler ", Waston House Bulletin No. 1, 1994
2 徐吉浣，燃气测试技术，同济大学出版社
3 燃气燃烧与应用(第三版)，中国建筑工业出版社
4 姜正侯，燃气工程技术手册，同济大学出版社
5 钱申贤，燃气燃烧原理，中国建筑工业出版社
6 车得福，冷凝式锅炉及其系统，机械工业出版社
7 冯耀宏，强制鼓风式燃气热水器的风量调节，《家用燃气具》，2002．5
8 张柄卫，金属纤维燃烧器，《家用燃气具》，2002．3
9 楼应，脉冲燃烧器的发展和应用，《家用燃气具》，2001．4
10 彭惠平，强鼓式燃气热水器风气联动控制系统的设计应用，《家用燃气具》，2001．6
11 马文普，燃气与空气的混合对燃烧的影响，《家用燃气具》，2001．4
12 藏子旋，冷凝式燃气快速热水器排烟温度的探讨，《煤气与热力》，1999．1
13 金志刚，快速热水器历史沿革与发展趋势，《家用燃气具》，2002．2
14 金志刚，燃气集中供热、单户采暖与新热源，《家用燃气具》，2002．4
15 曹健，壁挂式燃气锅炉发展走势的探讨，《家用燃气具》，2002．
16 姜正侯，燃气燃烧与应用，中国建筑工业出版社
17 冯耀宏，高热负荷、高热效率燃气灶的研制，《家用燃气具》，2004．3
18 翁德宏，燃气灶阀总成喷咀前压力的确定方法，《家用燃气具》，2004．3
19 k. Furumai,"The high-load high-efficiency instantaneous gas water heater", 84 international gas research conference
20 J. X. Wen, L. Y. Huang, "Numerical study of condensing boiler heat exchanger".
21 "Burner developments for condersing boiler ", Waston House Bulletin No. 1, 1994