我国发电侧CO_2减排途径分析及其优化模型研究
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摘要
电力是一种优质的清洁能源,但电力的产生伴随着大量的能源消耗和各种污染物的排放,尤其是CO2的排放,因而也成为我国CO2减排的重点关注对象。在电力产业链中,发电侧是CO2排放的直接环节,因此发电侧CO2的减排成为了电力行业节能减排的重中之重。目前,推进我国电力行业节能减排主要依靠的是行政手段,包括能源规划政策的制定、关停小火电机组、CO2减排监管等方面。但这些措施的实施在力度及干预的范围方面都存在明显的不足,主要体现在CO2减排途径不通畅、电源优化配置不合理等方面。为更好的兑现我国CO2减排承诺,发电侧CO2减排研究需要引入更新的机制途径,提高各利益主体的收益,提高发电侧各主体参与减排的积极性,实现电源结构和电力资源的优化配置。以此为背景,本文主要研究火电机组CO2排放联合调度、区域间CO2联合减排机制、风火电之间联合CO2减排机制、分布式清洁能源群组合调度、风火打捆消纳的经济和效益机制,提出了相应的模型和方法。
火电机组发电是CO2排放的重要贡献源。论文以成本、能耗、排放为目标分别构建了火电机组调度优化模型以及兼顾三个目标的多目标优化模型,并与传统的计划电量分配模型进行了对比分析,发现多目标优化模型可以更好的兼顾火电机组的发电成本、燃料能耗和CO2排放量,为发电侧火电机组CO2减排政策的制定提供更准确的定量分析依据。
C02排放的控制需要区域间的协调配合,区域间联合CO2减排是一条有效的途径。论文综合考虑跨区域能源优化配置过程中涉及的发电成本、备用成本、输电费用以及排放成本等要素,构建了区域发电成本优化模型、环境效益优化模型、综合优化模型,研究了清洁能源参与区域能源优化所带来的效益。同时研究了碳排放价格对区域能源优化的引导效果。
风火互补机制是发电侧不同电源类型联合CO2减排的重要手段。论文根据风电场弃风原因和管理措施分析,基于风火互补机制构建了计及发电权交易的发电主体利益分析模型,并在不同风功率预测情形下,研究了风电场和各火电机组的收益情况。以减少风电场弃风量为目标,构建了风火打捆外送组合调度优化模型,优化了风火电机组的出力。
分布式清洁能源群发电组合是发电侧CO2减排的新型机制。论文基于不同类型电源的成本分析,构建了不同目标下的发电组合调度模型,通过实例分析,弃风量和弃光量最小目标下的各发电机组的发电成本最低,CO2排放量最小。引入峰谷分时电价,基于变化后的电力负荷需求,构建了发电成本与用户补偿成本最小化调度模型,实例验证表明峰谷分时电价的引入后,发电机组的环境效益和经济效益均有明显增加。
风火电打捆外送时,各参与主体风电消纳的经济和减排效益是发电侧CO2减排的重要推动力。考虑电力外送收入和大用户直购电收入,论文构建了电网企业购售电利润最大化优化模型和合理弃风下发电成本最小化优化模型,通过实例计算了各参与主体合作博弈的超额利润；建立了风火电打捆外送增加贡献率评价模型,从理论上计算了发电侧各利益分配主体对各类贡献率指标的分值；最后基于DEA Game理论,构建了风火电打捆消纳收益分配模型,实例计算得到了风火电机组、电网企业、大用户等的综合贡献率和利润分配额,二者呈正向关系,很好的鼓励了风电的消纳,有效的降低了CO2的排放量。
Electricity is a high-quality clean energy, but the resources are consumpted and the various polluants are emitted in the process of power generation, especially the CO2emission, so the emission of power industy is focused in China. In the powe industry chain, the generation side is the direct link of CO2emission, and the generation side CO2emission reduction has become a priority in the power industry. At present, the administrative means are used to promote the energy-saving and emission reduction in China's power industry, including the energy planning policy, shutting down small power units, CO2emission regulation. But there are obvious deficiencies in range of implementation of these measures in force and intervention, it mainly contains that the CO2emission reduction approach is not smooth and the allocation of power optimization is irrational. In order to better delier our country's CO2emission reduction, the new CO2emission reduction mechanism need to be introduced in the power generation side, finally the enthusiasm and interests of the subjects are improved, the power structure and resources are configurated. Taking the mentioned as the background, this thesis mainly studies the joint scheduling of thermal power units, regional CO2emission reduction mechanism, wind-fire power generation combination CO2emission reduction mechanism, distributed clean energy group scheduling, the economy and benefit mechanism of bundling of wind-fire,the corresponding models and methods are put forward.
Thermal power unit is an important contribution source of CO2emission. According to the cost, energy consumption and emission quantity, the thermal power unit scheduling optimization models and multi-objective model are established respectively, and these models are compared with the traditional electricity distribution model, the conclusion is that the muliti-objective model can better take into account the cost of power generation, the unit fuel and CO2emission, it will provide more accurate analysis basis for the formulation of CO2emission reduction policies.
The control of CO2emission need the coordination of regional power units, the regional combined CO2emission reduction is an effective way. Considering the cost of power generation, reserve cost, transmission cost and emission cost, this thesis develops the regional power generation cost optimization model, environmental benefit optimization model, comprehensive optimization model, studies the change of benefit of regional energy optimizaiton where clean energy participates, also the effect of carbon price to guide the energy optimization is studied.
The complementary mechanism is an important means of CO2emission reduction of different types of power in the generation side. According to the analysis of causes of disposable wind and measures, the generating interest analysis model considering the generation right trading is constructed. In different conditions of wind power forecasting, the earning of the wind farm and the thermal power unit are studied. The reducing of disposable wind is put as an objective, the optimization model of wind-fire bundling scheduling is constructed, and the output of every unit is optimized.
The generation combination of distributed clean energy group is a new CO2emission reduction mechanism. Based on the cost analysis of different types of power units, the power generation scheduling models under different goals are constructed, through the analysis of examples, the power generation cost and CO2emission quantity is minimum under the goals of mimimum disposable wind and light. The price of Time of Use (TOU) is introduced, based on the load change, the minimization scheduling model of power generation cost and compensation cost is constructed, the examples illustrate that the environmental and economic benefits increased obviously after the TOU price is introduced.
In the wind-fire bundling delivery, the economy and emission reduction benifets of all participants is the important impetus of generation side CO2emission reduction. Considerting the income of transmission power and large users to buy electricity, the maximize profit of grid enterprise model and the minimize generation cost under reasonable disposable wind are constructed. Through the example, the excess profit of cooperative game subjects is calculated. The contribution rate evaluation model of wind-fire bundling delivery increasing, the scores of all kinds of contribution rate of benefit subjects are all calculated from theory. Finally, the income allocation model of wind-fire bundling delivery is constructed, through the example the comprehensive contribution rate and profit quota of wind-fire units, grid enterprise and large electricity users are given, these two indicators show the positive relationship, this conclusion can encourage the wind power consumption, effectively reduce the emission of CO2.
火电机组发电是CO2排放的重要贡献源。论文以成本、能耗、排放为目标分别构建了火电机组调度优化模型以及兼顾三个目标的多目标优化模型,并与传统的计划电量分配模型进行了对比分析,发现多目标优化模型可以更好的兼顾火电机组的发电成本、燃料能耗和CO2排放量,为发电侧火电机组CO2减排政策的制定提供更准确的定量分析依据。
C02排放的控制需要区域间的协调配合,区域间联合CO2减排是一条有效的途径。论文综合考虑跨区域能源优化配置过程中涉及的发电成本、备用成本、输电费用以及排放成本等要素,构建了区域发电成本优化模型、环境效益优化模型、综合优化模型,研究了清洁能源参与区域能源优化所带来的效益。同时研究了碳排放价格对区域能源优化的引导效果。
风火互补机制是发电侧不同电源类型联合CO2减排的重要手段。论文根据风电场弃风原因和管理措施分析,基于风火互补机制构建了计及发电权交易的发电主体利益分析模型,并在不同风功率预测情形下,研究了风电场和各火电机组的收益情况。以减少风电场弃风量为目标,构建了风火打捆外送组合调度优化模型,优化了风火电机组的出力。
分布式清洁能源群发电组合是发电侧CO2减排的新型机制。论文基于不同类型电源的成本分析,构建了不同目标下的发电组合调度模型,通过实例分析,弃风量和弃光量最小目标下的各发电机组的发电成本最低,CO2排放量最小。引入峰谷分时电价,基于变化后的电力负荷需求,构建了发电成本与用户补偿成本最小化调度模型,实例验证表明峰谷分时电价的引入后,发电机组的环境效益和经济效益均有明显增加。
风火电打捆外送时,各参与主体风电消纳的经济和减排效益是发电侧CO2减排的重要推动力。考虑电力外送收入和大用户直购电收入,论文构建了电网企业购售电利润最大化优化模型和合理弃风下发电成本最小化优化模型,通过实例计算了各参与主体合作博弈的超额利润；建立了风火电打捆外送增加贡献率评价模型,从理论上计算了发电侧各利益分配主体对各类贡献率指标的分值；最后基于DEA Game理论,构建了风火电打捆消纳收益分配模型,实例计算得到了风火电机组、电网企业、大用户等的综合贡献率和利润分配额,二者呈正向关系,很好的鼓励了风电的消纳,有效的降低了CO2的排放量。
Electricity is a high-quality clean energy, but the resources are consumpted and the various polluants are emitted in the process of power generation, especially the CO2emission, so the emission of power industy is focused in China. In the powe industry chain, the generation side is the direct link of CO2emission, and the generation side CO2emission reduction has become a priority in the power industry. At present, the administrative means are used to promote the energy-saving and emission reduction in China's power industry, including the energy planning policy, shutting down small power units, CO2emission regulation. But there are obvious deficiencies in range of implementation of these measures in force and intervention, it mainly contains that the CO2emission reduction approach is not smooth and the allocation of power optimization is irrational. In order to better delier our country's CO2emission reduction, the new CO2emission reduction mechanism need to be introduced in the power generation side, finally the enthusiasm and interests of the subjects are improved, the power structure and resources are configurated. Taking the mentioned as the background, this thesis mainly studies the joint scheduling of thermal power units, regional CO2emission reduction mechanism, wind-fire power generation combination CO2emission reduction mechanism, distributed clean energy group scheduling, the economy and benefit mechanism of bundling of wind-fire,the corresponding models and methods are put forward.
Thermal power unit is an important contribution source of CO2emission. According to the cost, energy consumption and emission quantity, the thermal power unit scheduling optimization models and multi-objective model are established respectively, and these models are compared with the traditional electricity distribution model, the conclusion is that the muliti-objective model can better take into account the cost of power generation, the unit fuel and CO2emission, it will provide more accurate analysis basis for the formulation of CO2emission reduction policies.
The control of CO2emission need the coordination of regional power units, the regional combined CO2emission reduction is an effective way. Considering the cost of power generation, reserve cost, transmission cost and emission cost, this thesis develops the regional power generation cost optimization model, environmental benefit optimization model, comprehensive optimization model, studies the change of benefit of regional energy optimizaiton where clean energy participates, also the effect of carbon price to guide the energy optimization is studied.
The complementary mechanism is an important means of CO2emission reduction of different types of power in the generation side. According to the analysis of causes of disposable wind and measures, the generating interest analysis model considering the generation right trading is constructed. In different conditions of wind power forecasting, the earning of the wind farm and the thermal power unit are studied. The reducing of disposable wind is put as an objective, the optimization model of wind-fire bundling scheduling is constructed, and the output of every unit is optimized.
The generation combination of distributed clean energy group is a new CO2emission reduction mechanism. Based on the cost analysis of different types of power units, the power generation scheduling models under different goals are constructed, through the analysis of examples, the power generation cost and CO2emission quantity is minimum under the goals of mimimum disposable wind and light. The price of Time of Use (TOU) is introduced, based on the load change, the minimization scheduling model of power generation cost and compensation cost is constructed, the examples illustrate that the environmental and economic benefits increased obviously after the TOU price is introduced.
In the wind-fire bundling delivery, the economy and emission reduction benifets of all participants is the important impetus of generation side CO2emission reduction. Considerting the income of transmission power and large users to buy electricity, the maximize profit of grid enterprise model and the minimize generation cost under reasonable disposable wind are constructed. Through the example, the excess profit of cooperative game subjects is calculated. The contribution rate evaluation model of wind-fire bundling delivery increasing, the scores of all kinds of contribution rate of benefit subjects are all calculated from theory. Finally, the income allocation model of wind-fire bundling delivery is constructed, through the example the comprehensive contribution rate and profit quota of wind-fire units, grid enterprise and large electricity users are given, these two indicators show the positive relationship, this conclusion can encourage the wind power consumption, effectively reduce the emission of CO2.
引文
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