中加燕麦种质遗传多样性及燕麦重要农艺性状位点的关联分析
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摘要
活水平的提高和保健意识的转变,燕麦的特殊优势日渐上升,将成为人们膳食结构和环境改善的重要作物。鉴于此,开发燕麦种质资源,研究其遗传多样性、群体遗传关系及定位重要基因对其进行遗传改良在理论和实践上具有重要意义。为加速燕麦育种进程,探明中加燕麦品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,分析燕麦重要农艺性状的遗传控制,本研究采用内含子切接点引物和长随机引物的PCR分子标记技术,对加拿大引进的29份燕麦种质和中国燕麦主产区的35份主栽品种及新品系的遗传多样性和群体结构进行了分析,并利用关联分析对与其重要农艺性状关联的分子标记进行了检测。取得如下主要结果:
1.遗传多样性和群体结构分析表明:所用15条引物共扩增出171条带,平均每条引物扩增出11.4条带,其中多态性带共134条,多态性百分比为78.36%。燕麦各种质间的Dice遗传相似系数分析表明,所有燕麦材料间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.699～0.934,平均值为0.81,表明参试燕麦种质间存在着一定的遗传差异,但遗传差异相对较小。群体结构分析结果表明所研究的燕麦种质中,81. 25%的燕麦种质血缘相对比较单一,仅18.75%的燕麦种质拥有混合来源。
2.燕麦重要农艺性状的调查及相关分析表明:64个燕麦品种25个性状表现出较为丰富的变异,各性状变异系数均较大,表明这些燕麦种质具有较大的遗传变异,其中以根鲜重的变异系数最大。对这25个性状进行相关分析,发现穗下节长度与苗期植株总长显著相关,胚芽鞘长度与1米行长总株数、穗粒数显著相关。
3.对燕麦重要农艺性状的分子标记关联分析结果表明:分子标记位点间存在连锁不平衡,64份燕麦种质的群体遗传结构包括3个亚群,累计有105个标记位点与性状关联,一些标记同时与2个或多个性状关联,可能是性状相关或是一因多效的结果,绝大部分性状与多个位点关联,可能是多因一效的结果。
Oat is not only a food, economic, feeding, medicine crop, and with resisting drought, salt, barren land etc, as people changing health conception and deterioration of ecological environment and the advantage of oat this special crops is rising. It will become an important crop in diet and environmental improvement. In view of this, the development of oat germplasm, genetic improvement and studying the population genetic relationship and the genetic control of important traits is important in theory and practice. The genetic diversity and population structure of 29 Canadian oat germplasm and 35 oat cultivars of China main producing areas and new lines were analyzed using PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers. The genetic diversity and population structure among those germplasm were analyzed, and association analysis between ISJ marker and 25 agronomic traits were conducted. The main results were as followed:
1. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis shows that 171 distinct PCR bands were amplified in total of 15 primers, and 11.4 bands per primer was amplified. Among the 171 bands amplified, 134 were polymorphic, and the polymorphic rate was 78.36%. The Dice genetic similarity coefficients among those germplasm ranged in 0.699～0.934 with average of 0.81, which suggested that there were some genetic diversity among the oat germplasm, but it was relative less. The population structure analysis revealed 52 (81. 25%) oats were with single genetic components, and the rest (18.75%) were with mixed genetic components.
2. Trait differences and correlation analysis showed that: 25 traits performance of 64 oats showed very abundant variation, these traits variation coefficients are higher, which indicate genetic background of the material complex and variation abundant. Coefficient of variation of root fresh weight is the largest, followed by the number of root forks. Correlation analysis for 25 traits, ear stem length and total length in plant seedlings was significantly related, coleoptile length and total number of plant in 1 meter row length, and kernel number significantly correlated.
3. Correlation analysis showed that linkage disequilibrium exited between sites, population genetic structure analysis revealed that 64 germplasm formed by the three sub-groups,there are 105 sites associated with the trait, some marker locus associated with two or more traits, may be the result of pleiotropic effects, most of the traits associated with multiple marker sites,may be the result of multigenic effect.
1.遗传多样性和群体结构分析表明:所用15条引物共扩增出171条带,平均每条引物扩增出11.4条带,其中多态性带共134条,多态性百分比为78.36%。燕麦各种质间的Dice遗传相似系数分析表明,所有燕麦材料间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.699～0.934,平均值为0.81,表明参试燕麦种质间存在着一定的遗传差异,但遗传差异相对较小。群体结构分析结果表明所研究的燕麦种质中,81. 25%的燕麦种质血缘相对比较单一,仅18.75%的燕麦种质拥有混合来源。
2.燕麦重要农艺性状的调查及相关分析表明:64个燕麦品种25个性状表现出较为丰富的变异,各性状变异系数均较大,表明这些燕麦种质具有较大的遗传变异,其中以根鲜重的变异系数最大。对这25个性状进行相关分析,发现穗下节长度与苗期植株总长显著相关,胚芽鞘长度与1米行长总株数、穗粒数显著相关。
3.对燕麦重要农艺性状的分子标记关联分析结果表明:分子标记位点间存在连锁不平衡,64份燕麦种质的群体遗传结构包括3个亚群,累计有105个标记位点与性状关联,一些标记同时与2个或多个性状关联,可能是性状相关或是一因多效的结果,绝大部分性状与多个位点关联,可能是多因一效的结果。
Oat is not only a food, economic, feeding, medicine crop, and with resisting drought, salt, barren land etc, as people changing health conception and deterioration of ecological environment and the advantage of oat this special crops is rising. It will become an important crop in diet and environmental improvement. In view of this, the development of oat germplasm, genetic improvement and studying the population genetic relationship and the genetic control of important traits is important in theory and practice. The genetic diversity and population structure of 29 Canadian oat germplasm and 35 oat cultivars of China main producing areas and new lines were analyzed using PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers. The genetic diversity and population structure among those germplasm were analyzed, and association analysis between ISJ marker and 25 agronomic traits were conducted. The main results were as followed:
1. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis shows that 171 distinct PCR bands were amplified in total of 15 primers, and 11.4 bands per primer was amplified. Among the 171 bands amplified, 134 were polymorphic, and the polymorphic rate was 78.36%. The Dice genetic similarity coefficients among those germplasm ranged in 0.699～0.934 with average of 0.81, which suggested that there were some genetic diversity among the oat germplasm, but it was relative less. The population structure analysis revealed 52 (81. 25%) oats were with single genetic components, and the rest (18.75%) were with mixed genetic components.
2. Trait differences and correlation analysis showed that: 25 traits performance of 64 oats showed very abundant variation, these traits variation coefficients are higher, which indicate genetic background of the material complex and variation abundant. Coefficient of variation of root fresh weight is the largest, followed by the number of root forks. Correlation analysis for 25 traits, ear stem length and total length in plant seedlings was significantly related, coleoptile length and total number of plant in 1 meter row length, and kernel number significantly correlated.
3. Correlation analysis showed that linkage disequilibrium exited between sites, population genetic structure analysis revealed that 64 germplasm formed by the three sub-groups,there are 105 sites associated with the trait, some marker locus associated with two or more traits, may be the result of pleiotropic effects, most of the traits associated with multiple marker sites,may be the result of multigenic effect.
引文
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陈特安.裸燕麦是中国的孩子,要让燕麦“回家”[N ].人民日报, 2003, 9, 29.
龚海,李成雄王雁丽,燕麦品种资源品质分析,山西农业科学1999 ,27 (2) :16～19
郭来春,魏黎明,沙莉等,燕麦新品种白燕7号选育报告[J].作物研究,2007,(3):340-342
黄艾祥,肖蓉,吴存三,燕麦及其营养食品的研究开发[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000,9:49-50
黄相国,葛菊梅.燕麦(Avena sativa L.)的营养成分与保健价值探讨[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):147-149
姜志艳,赵秀娟.用RAPD方法对燕麦育成新品种的遗传关系研究[J].包头钢铁学院学报, 2006,25(4):371-374
李连朝,雷建菊,汪沛洪.反相高效液相色谱分析种子醇溶蛋白表征燕麦种质.色谱,1991,9(4):253～256
李威,周青平.六种裸燕麦品种种子萌发期抗旱性的研究,草业与畜牧·试验研究[J],2008,9,5-10
刘欢,慕平,赵桂琴等,基于AFLP的燕麦遗传多样性研究[J].草业学报,2008,17 (6):121-127
刘欢,赵桂琴,耿小丽,等。燕麦AFLP反应体系的建立与优化,草业科学[J],2008,25(2),84-89.
刘丽华,王丽新,赵昌平,等.光温敏二系杂交小麦恢复系遗传多样性和群体结构分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2009,25 (9):867-875
刘彦明,任生兰,边芳.西部地区发展燕麦产业的思考与建议.杂粮作物, 2008, 28 (5) : 334～335
刘杨,黄海,陶建蜀等,用改良CTAB法从吴茱萸不同组织提取基因组DNA[J].贵阳医学院学报,2009,34 (1):101-103
刘影,董利,燕麦的营养成分与保健作用.中国食物与营养[J],2009,(3):55-57
马艳明,刘志勇,白玉亭,等.新疆燕麦地方品种资源多样性分析[J].新疆农业科学, 2006, 43(6):510 -513.
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