大范围隐患区资源开采安全控制技术研究
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摘要
本文针对铜坑矿大范围隐患区下的矿体开采安全技术,综合采用理论分析、工业试验、数值模拟等技术手段,展开了系统的研究工作。分析了大范围隐患区开采的安全问题及其影响因素,研究在大范围隐患区下资源开采的地压安全与管理,提出了隐患矿体连续开采顶板诱导崩落技术思路及其实施工艺,预测了隐患区下的大爆破危害效应。对隐患矿体下的热环境与通风问题开展了数值模拟,提出相应的控制措施,结果表明,研究结果能够有效的改善大范围隐患区下矿体开采的安全技术条件,提高矿山的资源综合利用效率。
(1)针对华锡集团铜坑矿隐患矿体的开采,研究了隐患矿体开采安全厚度的力学分析模型,并运用非线性技术理论预测了隐患矿体连续开采条件下的顶板安全厚度。构建了基于RFPA的连续采矿对顶板扰动崩落的时变力学模型,分析了采矿扰动下的顶板诱导崩落时变效应。
(2)提出了隐患区下基于连续采矿顶板诱导崩落技术,即顶板岩体中的部分强制放顶,两侧预裂控制崩落空间的诱导放顶方案,确定了合理的人工干扰放顶的时间,设计了诱导崩顶的爆破顺序和爆破参数。
(3)针对复杂的隐患区下细脉带的开采环境,预测了地下工程大爆破灾害的危险度,主要包括地下大爆破的地震灾害、爆破冲击波和有害气体,提出了地下大爆破灾害与效应的安全控制措施。
(4)分析了大范围隐患区下开采的衍生灾变特征和主要的灾变类型,提出了衍生灾变数字化监测与预报安全技术,并通过数字化钻孔监测研究了诱导放顶的岩体裂隙演化规律。
(5)针对复杂自燃的细脉带矿体及其立体开采环境下,通过数值模拟热源影响下的风流与作业点舒适度,优化隐患环境下地下采场通风参数,提出铜坑矿火区性能化设计方法和控制措施。
To mining under the large scale hidden trouble zone in the Tongkeng Mine, in the paper, the safety mining technology is systemical studied. To the large scale hidden trouble, the safety problems and the influencing factors of safety mining are analyzed. The safety and management of the ground pressure are studied. The ideas of mining are proposed to the inducation caving roof based on the succeeding mining under the large scale hidden trouble zone. The hazards of mammoth blasting are forecasted by the empirical equation. At the same time, the thermal environment and ventilation are numerical simulated by the soft, and then the control measures are put forward by the simulated results. The results show that the safe conditions are improved and the resource recovery rates are heightened under the large scale hidden trouble zone.
(1) To mine of hidden trouble resource in the Tongkeng Mine of Huaxi Co., the mechanic model are built and analyzed by the FEM to the safety thickness of the roof. The safety thichness are forecasted by the nonlinear theory, such as nonlinear multivariant regression and neural network. Based on the RFPA soft, the time-varying mechanic model of the caving roof is bulit by inducation of mining, the effecting of time-varying is analyzed to inducation caving roof in the succeeding mining.
(2) To handle the roof of the empty, the inducation caving roof is proposed under the hidden trouble zone based on the successing mining. The technology of the inducation caving roof, which is that the part of the middle roof is collapsed by forced blast and the both side roof are presplitted by the presplitting blast. The reasonable time is confirmed by the FEM simulation to inducation caving roof. At the same time, the schemes of the induced blast are designed in the paper, include the order and the parameters of inducation caving roof.
(3) The hazards degree of mammoth blasting are forecasted under the enviorment of the hidden trouble zone in the Ximaidai area, include the seismic effecting, shock wave and harmful gas of blast. The safety control measures are proposed to prevent the hazards and effects of mammoth blasting.
(4) It is the most important research for Tongkeng mine presently to control the derived dynamical disasters of large scale hidden trouble area. In order to obtain reliable evidence to control the disasters, some characters, causes and essentials were analysed. The cracks evolvement laws of induced fracture are studied by digital panoramic borehole camera technique. The result shows that a technology based on digital monitoring and predicting can control the derived dynamical disasters of large scale hidden trouble area for Tongkeng mines.
(5) Because of the solid mining and self-ignite condition, it is a problem for mining to the thermal harm and fire hazard in the Tongkeng Mine. By the numerical simulation, the effecting and PMV are computed under the thermal environment. According to the computed results, the ventilation system is optimized under the hidden trouble area. The measures of fire prevention are designed throught the performance-based design method.
(1)针对华锡集团铜坑矿隐患矿体的开采,研究了隐患矿体开采安全厚度的力学分析模型,并运用非线性技术理论预测了隐患矿体连续开采条件下的顶板安全厚度。构建了基于RFPA的连续采矿对顶板扰动崩落的时变力学模型,分析了采矿扰动下的顶板诱导崩落时变效应。
(2)提出了隐患区下基于连续采矿顶板诱导崩落技术,即顶板岩体中的部分强制放顶,两侧预裂控制崩落空间的诱导放顶方案,确定了合理的人工干扰放顶的时间,设计了诱导崩顶的爆破顺序和爆破参数。
(3)针对复杂的隐患区下细脉带的开采环境,预测了地下工程大爆破灾害的危险度,主要包括地下大爆破的地震灾害、爆破冲击波和有害气体,提出了地下大爆破灾害与效应的安全控制措施。
(4)分析了大范围隐患区下开采的衍生灾变特征和主要的灾变类型,提出了衍生灾变数字化监测与预报安全技术,并通过数字化钻孔监测研究了诱导放顶的岩体裂隙演化规律。
(5)针对复杂自燃的细脉带矿体及其立体开采环境下,通过数值模拟热源影响下的风流与作业点舒适度,优化隐患环境下地下采场通风参数,提出铜坑矿火区性能化设计方法和控制措施。
To mining under the large scale hidden trouble zone in the Tongkeng Mine, in the paper, the safety mining technology is systemical studied. To the large scale hidden trouble, the safety problems and the influencing factors of safety mining are analyzed. The safety and management of the ground pressure are studied. The ideas of mining are proposed to the inducation caving roof based on the succeeding mining under the large scale hidden trouble zone. The hazards of mammoth blasting are forecasted by the empirical equation. At the same time, the thermal environment and ventilation are numerical simulated by the soft, and then the control measures are put forward by the simulated results. The results show that the safe conditions are improved and the resource recovery rates are heightened under the large scale hidden trouble zone.
(1) To mine of hidden trouble resource in the Tongkeng Mine of Huaxi Co., the mechanic model are built and analyzed by the FEM to the safety thickness of the roof. The safety thichness are forecasted by the nonlinear theory, such as nonlinear multivariant regression and neural network. Based on the RFPA soft, the time-varying mechanic model of the caving roof is bulit by inducation of mining, the effecting of time-varying is analyzed to inducation caving roof in the succeeding mining.
(2) To handle the roof of the empty, the inducation caving roof is proposed under the hidden trouble zone based on the successing mining. The technology of the inducation caving roof, which is that the part of the middle roof is collapsed by forced blast and the both side roof are presplitted by the presplitting blast. The reasonable time is confirmed by the FEM simulation to inducation caving roof. At the same time, the schemes of the induced blast are designed in the paper, include the order and the parameters of inducation caving roof.
(3) The hazards degree of mammoth blasting are forecasted under the enviorment of the hidden trouble zone in the Ximaidai area, include the seismic effecting, shock wave and harmful gas of blast. The safety control measures are proposed to prevent the hazards and effects of mammoth blasting.
(4) It is the most important research for Tongkeng mine presently to control the derived dynamical disasters of large scale hidden trouble area. In order to obtain reliable evidence to control the disasters, some characters, causes and essentials were analysed. The cracks evolvement laws of induced fracture are studied by digital panoramic borehole camera technique. The result shows that a technology based on digital monitoring and predicting can control the derived dynamical disasters of large scale hidden trouble area for Tongkeng mines.
(5) Because of the solid mining and self-ignite condition, it is a problem for mining to the thermal harm and fire hazard in the Tongkeng Mine. By the numerical simulation, the effecting and PMV are computed under the thermal environment. According to the computed results, the ventilation system is optimized under the hidden trouble area. The measures of fire prevention are designed throught the performance-based design method.
引文
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