聚能杆式侵彻体成型机理研究
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摘要
本文的研究属于基础应用型研究。采用理论分析、数值计算和实验研究方法，在药型罩形状、爆轰波波形以及两者的匹配关系上，对聚能杆式侵彻体的成型机理进行系统分析和研究，为今后设计聚能杆式侵彻体提供理论依据和实验数据。本文所涉及的主要研究内容包括：
1)从如何减小射流的速度梯度，增大药型罩的利用率出发。在Behrmann射流形成理论的基础上，首次系统地分析了适用于聚能杆式聚能侵彻体成型理论，得到在一定装药参数下，射流微元头尾速度比η与压垮角β的公式。试验结果明确地支持了理论分析的正确性。
2)采用VESF起爆系统，通过改变VESF起爆系统中飞片和主装药的距离和飞片的质量分布等参数，采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，对飞片和主装药间不同的距离和不同的飞片材料对爆轰波形的影响进行了研究。通过调节飞片与主装药距离来控制爆轰波波形，为进行药型罩结构和爆轰波形的匹配设计打下基础。
3)在分析了装药端面上任意对称两点同时起爆，爆轰波正碰撞和斜碰撞相互作用情况的基础上，对飞片起爆条件下，爆轰波相互作用及发展规律进行初步探讨，建立相应的计算模型。同时在不同的起爆半径下，利用DYNA软件计算了爆轰波相互碰撞后在装药轴线的压力分布。为飞片波形调整器的设计提供理论支持。
4)采用数值模拟方法，对不同类型药型罩在中心点起爆条件下进行计算，得到合适的药型罩结构，使侵彻体头尾速度差比较小。同时，对头部速度和尾部速度差比较小的药型罩利用飞片起爆进行数值模拟，找到药型罩形状和爆轰波波形的匹配关系。
5)采用脉冲X光机对聚能杆式侵彻体成型过程进行试验。同时根据X光照片处理侵彻体的长度、直径、头部速度和尾部速度，从而得到聚能侵彻体的长径比，并与未加VESF起爆系统形成的聚能侵彻体进行比较。实验结果与数值计算基本一致。
最后，本文对研究所得到的结论进行了归纳，并对研究中存在的问题进行分析，提出今后研究的方向和重点。
The study of this paper belongs to the basically applied types. Adopting theoretical analysis, mathematical calculation and experimental study, it systematically analyses the mechanism for Jetting Projectile Charge formation at the aspect of liner's structure design, explosion wave shape control and both matching relations. Moreover it supplies theoretical foundation and experiment data for the future design. The major study context in this text includes those:
1)Beginning with how to decrease the velocity gradient of jet and increase the shaped charge's applying rate, and according to Behrmann's formed theory of shaped charge jet, It analyses systematically the affective factor of the Jetting Projectile Charge and gets the equation that displays the scale of the micromass of jet top to tail of jet velocity and collapse angle .The test result proved the accordance between theoretical analysis and experimental conclusion.
2)Applying with the VESF initiation system and the way of combination between theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, this research alters the clearance between the flyer in VESF initiation system and main charge and the flyer's mass zone etc parameters. With the help of DYNA software, numerical simulation and experimental study are used to find the effect of spatial distance between flyer, main charge and different flyer's material. By adjusting to the clearance, the explosion shock wave shape will be controlled and it bases the match design for liner's structure and explosion wave shape.
3) Analyzing the explosion of any two symmetric points on the charge side at the same time and considering the interaction of positive collision and oblique collision, it observes preliminarily the interaction and developing system ,and builds corresponding calculation model. With the DYNA software, it calculates the pressure on the axis after explosion wave interaction under different initiation diameters, and supplies theoretical help for the design of flyer wave shape amending apparatus.
4)Adoptting numerical calculation to different type liners under centre point initiation condition, we will find fittest liner's structure and it will reduce the velocity gap between penetreator top and tail, and then applying numerical simulation to those liners to find the match relations between liner and explosion wave shape.
5)With X-ray machine, experiments are done to observe the cause of cumulative rod-shaped penetreator. According to the X-ray photos, the length, diameter, velocity of jet
top and tail can be conducted .Finally, the fineness of cumulative penetreator will be found. Comparing with the penetreator which hasn't VESF initiation system, the experiment conclusion is approximate accordance with numerical calculation.
At last, this text generalizes the conclusion from study, analyses the shortcomings and presents the direction and emphasis.
1)从如何减小射流的速度梯度，增大药型罩的利用率出发。在Behrmann射流形成理论的基础上，首次系统地分析了适用于聚能杆式聚能侵彻体成型理论，得到在一定装药参数下，射流微元头尾速度比η与压垮角β的公式。试验结果明确地支持了理论分析的正确性。
2)采用VESF起爆系统，通过改变VESF起爆系统中飞片和主装药的距离和飞片的质量分布等参数，采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，对飞片和主装药间不同的距离和不同的飞片材料对爆轰波形的影响进行了研究。通过调节飞片与主装药距离来控制爆轰波波形，为进行药型罩结构和爆轰波形的匹配设计打下基础。
3)在分析了装药端面上任意对称两点同时起爆，爆轰波正碰撞和斜碰撞相互作用情况的基础上，对飞片起爆条件下，爆轰波相互作用及发展规律进行初步探讨，建立相应的计算模型。同时在不同的起爆半径下，利用DYNA软件计算了爆轰波相互碰撞后在装药轴线的压力分布。为飞片波形调整器的设计提供理论支持。
4)采用数值模拟方法，对不同类型药型罩在中心点起爆条件下进行计算，得到合适的药型罩结构，使侵彻体头尾速度差比较小。同时，对头部速度和尾部速度差比较小的药型罩利用飞片起爆进行数值模拟，找到药型罩形状和爆轰波波形的匹配关系。
5)采用脉冲X光机对聚能杆式侵彻体成型过程进行试验。同时根据X光照片处理侵彻体的长度、直径、头部速度和尾部速度，从而得到聚能侵彻体的长径比，并与未加VESF起爆系统形成的聚能侵彻体进行比较。实验结果与数值计算基本一致。
最后，本文对研究所得到的结论进行了归纳，并对研究中存在的问题进行分析，提出今后研究的方向和重点。
The study of this paper belongs to the basically applied types. Adopting theoretical analysis, mathematical calculation and experimental study, it systematically analyses the mechanism for Jetting Projectile Charge formation at the aspect of liner's structure design, explosion wave shape control and both matching relations. Moreover it supplies theoretical foundation and experiment data for the future design. The major study context in this text includes those:
1)Beginning with how to decrease the velocity gradient of jet and increase the shaped charge's applying rate, and according to Behrmann's formed theory of shaped charge jet, It analyses systematically the affective factor of the Jetting Projectile Charge and gets the equation that displays the scale of the micromass of jet top to tail of jet velocity and collapse angle .The test result proved the accordance between theoretical analysis and experimental conclusion.
2)Applying with the VESF initiation system and the way of combination between theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, this research alters the clearance between the flyer in VESF initiation system and main charge and the flyer's mass zone etc parameters. With the help of DYNA software, numerical simulation and experimental study are used to find the effect of spatial distance between flyer, main charge and different flyer's material. By adjusting to the clearance, the explosion shock wave shape will be controlled and it bases the match design for liner's structure and explosion wave shape.
3) Analyzing the explosion of any two symmetric points on the charge side at the same time and considering the interaction of positive collision and oblique collision, it observes preliminarily the interaction and developing system ,and builds corresponding calculation model. With the DYNA software, it calculates the pressure on the axis after explosion wave interaction under different initiation diameters, and supplies theoretical help for the design of flyer wave shape amending apparatus.
4)Adoptting numerical calculation to different type liners under centre point initiation condition, we will find fittest liner's structure and it will reduce the velocity gap between penetreator top and tail, and then applying numerical simulation to those liners to find the match relations between liner and explosion wave shape.
5)With X-ray machine, experiments are done to observe the cause of cumulative rod-shaped penetreator. According to the X-ray photos, the length, diameter, velocity of jet
top and tail can be conducted .Finally, the fineness of cumulative penetreator will be found. Comparing with the penetreator which hasn't VESF initiation system, the experiment conclusion is approximate accordance with numerical calculation.
At last, this text generalizes the conclusion from study, analyses the shortcomings and presents the direction and emphasis.
引文
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