黄土高原退耕地土壤水分养分与碳密度的研究
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摘要
本文以黄土丘陵沟壑区实施的退耕还林还草工程为背景,通过野外调查、样品采集和室内分析结合的方式,采用时间与空间相结合的方法,较深入地对神木六道沟流域和安塞县五里湾流域内不同人工林草植被恢复模式下土壤理化性质及生态效应进行了研究。揭示了退耕还林还草中植被恢复与土壤性质变化之间相互关系,明确在继续实施退耕还林还草政策中如何进行土壤管理以及植被选择,为科学评价黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林的生态效应和植被恢复效果提供了重要依据。主要结论如下:
(1)在神木县六道沟研究区域,不同植被土壤含水量均随土层深度的增加而递增。与对照农田相比,土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量在0～20cm的土层深度上增加更明显;全钾含量的变化幅度不大。柠条和苜蓿地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含较高,而农田和撂荒较低。退耕植被表层土壤有机碳和全氮含量较底层高。不同植被类型下,植被生物量大小有一定差异,即撂荒<苜蓿<柠条。同一种植被地上和地下生物量也存在差异,植被生物量都是地上大于地下。
(2)在安塞县五里湾研究区域,与对照农田相比,不同植被类型下土壤含水量从小到大顺序为,刺槐<农田<苜蓿<撂荒<柠条<沙棘,刺槐人工林0～100cm土层的土壤含水量随退耕年限增加有递减变化。可见,退耕年限较久的刺槐林耗水性强,而灌木和草本植被的恢复更有利于提高土壤保水能力。土壤容重受退耕年限和植被类型的影响都较小,但是,随土层深度增加而递增。土壤有机碳、碳密度和全氮含量在0～40cm的土层深度上增加更明显;全磷、全钾含量的变化幅度不大,如不同退耕年限的刺槐人工林土壤养分和碳密度都有大幅度提高,柠条和沙棘在植被恢复中的全磷和全钾含量要低于对照农田。随着植被恢复年限的增加,不同植被恢复模式下各养分含量增加。所以,不同植被类型也对土壤养分指标有不同影响,刺槐人工林对土壤的改良效果最好,灌木与草本效果都较小而且差距不大。不同植被类型下,植被生物量大小有一定差异,即撂荒<苜蓿<沙棘<柠条。刺槐人工林生物量(地上和地下)整体随退耕年限的增加呈现增加趋势,相同年限刺槐林茎生物量和碳含量占各总量的比例最大。相同年限退耕植被均是地上部分生物量大于地下部分,刺槐人工林各器官生物量从大到小顺序是茎>根>叶。随着退耕年限增加的植被碳密度碳库主要分配在茎器官,并且随着退耕时间的增加茎生物量碳密度所占的比例逐渐增加。但是,刺槐各器官植被碳含量受退耕年限的影响较小。
Based on Grain for Green at hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, soil physical and chemical properties and ecological effects of the different artificial vegetation restoration patterns which located at Shenmu-Liudaogou Watershed and Ansai-Wuliwan Watershed were studied. This study investigates the influence of vegetation restoration on soil properties and carbon density. The results are helpful for improvement of soil management and for selection of suitable tree species to grow in the Grain for Green Project. The main results are summarized as follows:
(1)In the fields with of Shenmu-Liudaogou, the soil moisture under these shrubs increased with the increases in soil depth. Soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in 0～20cm soil layers increased in comparison with that in the farmLand. But concentrations of potassium in the soil remained constant. Topsoil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents are higher than the deeper soil layers. Under shrub vegetations, plant biomass increased with the order abandoned (2)In the fields of Ansai-Wuliwan, soil moisture under different shrubs increased following the order Robinia pseudoacaciaroot>leaf. Stem biomass and carbon density amount in Robinia pseudoacacia accounted for the largest proportion of the total biomass and carbon of the plant, respectively. However, the carbon density of vegetation in locust organs less affected by rehabilitation time.
(1)在神木县六道沟研究区域,不同植被土壤含水量均随土层深度的增加而递增。与对照农田相比,土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量在0～20cm的土层深度上增加更明显;全钾含量的变化幅度不大。柠条和苜蓿地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含较高,而农田和撂荒较低。退耕植被表层土壤有机碳和全氮含量较底层高。不同植被类型下,植被生物量大小有一定差异,即撂荒<苜蓿<柠条。同一种植被地上和地下生物量也存在差异,植被生物量都是地上大于地下。
(2)在安塞县五里湾研究区域,与对照农田相比,不同植被类型下土壤含水量从小到大顺序为,刺槐<农田<苜蓿<撂荒<柠条<沙棘,刺槐人工林0～100cm土层的土壤含水量随退耕年限增加有递减变化。可见,退耕年限较久的刺槐林耗水性强,而灌木和草本植被的恢复更有利于提高土壤保水能力。土壤容重受退耕年限和植被类型的影响都较小,但是,随土层深度增加而递增。土壤有机碳、碳密度和全氮含量在0～40cm的土层深度上增加更明显;全磷、全钾含量的变化幅度不大,如不同退耕年限的刺槐人工林土壤养分和碳密度都有大幅度提高,柠条和沙棘在植被恢复中的全磷和全钾含量要低于对照农田。随着植被恢复年限的增加,不同植被恢复模式下各养分含量增加。所以,不同植被类型也对土壤养分指标有不同影响,刺槐人工林对土壤的改良效果最好,灌木与草本效果都较小而且差距不大。不同植被类型下,植被生物量大小有一定差异,即撂荒<苜蓿<沙棘<柠条。刺槐人工林生物量(地上和地下)整体随退耕年限的增加呈现增加趋势,相同年限刺槐林茎生物量和碳含量占各总量的比例最大。相同年限退耕植被均是地上部分生物量大于地下部分,刺槐人工林各器官生物量从大到小顺序是茎>根>叶。随着退耕年限增加的植被碳密度碳库主要分配在茎器官,并且随着退耕时间的增加茎生物量碳密度所占的比例逐渐增加。但是,刺槐各器官植被碳含量受退耕年限的影响较小。
Based on Grain for Green at hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, soil physical and chemical properties and ecological effects of the different artificial vegetation restoration patterns which located at Shenmu-Liudaogou Watershed and Ansai-Wuliwan Watershed were studied. This study investigates the influence of vegetation restoration on soil properties and carbon density. The results are helpful for improvement of soil management and for selection of suitable tree species to grow in the Grain for Green Project. The main results are summarized as follows:
(1)In the fields with of Shenmu-Liudaogou, the soil moisture under these shrubs increased with the increases in soil depth. Soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in 0～20cm soil layers increased in comparison with that in the farmLand. But concentrations of potassium in the soil remained constant. Topsoil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents are higher than the deeper soil layers. Under shrub vegetations, plant biomass increased with the order abandoned
引文
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