氨—硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验研究
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摘要
氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫是一种硫资源回收型技术,符合我国的可持续发展经济政策,能够实现经济循环发展。目前该技术还处于发展阶段,是燃煤烟气脱硫技术的研究热点。
通过自行设计氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验系统,建立模拟烟气湿法脱硫装置,包括填料吸收塔反应器、模拟烟气、吸收液配制及循环、强制氧化空气、实验仪表控制及实验检测等几部分,对SO_2吸收工艺进行了实验研究。
以工业氨水作为吸收剂,在氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验系统上进行脱硫实验,通过对液气比(L/G)、吸收液pH值、吸收液组成、吸收液浓度、烟气流速及进口SO_2浓度等研究,结果显示,最佳工艺参数为液气比2～3L/m3,吸收液的初始pH为5.4～6,烟气流速为1.5～2.0m/s。进口SO_2浓度发生变化时,可通过调节吸收液喷淋量或是吸收液的初始pH值使SO_2脱除率保持稳定。在最佳工艺参数下对SO_2的脱除率达96%以上。
实验通过对(NH_4)_2SO_3浓度、强制氧化空气流量、(NH_4)_2SO_4浓度、反应温度以及溶液的pH值等影响(NH_4)_2SO_3氧化的因素进行研究,建立了低浓度(NH_4)_2SO_3的氧化动力学方程,并得到(NH_4)_2SO_3氧化反应活化能为31.32kJ/mol。
对反应产物(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液进行蒸发结晶实验,然后对产物晶形、纯度及晶体粒径等进行分析。通过对实验现象的观察以及表征,证实了溶液中存在铁离子的影响,并提出合理建议消除影响。同时对晶体粒径进行分析,得到产物径粒主要集中在185μm左右。
建立了填料塔中SO_2的吸收模型,运用Visual Basic6.0编制程序求解方程组,同时利用化工过程模拟软件ChemCAD进行模拟。对液气比、烟气流速、pH值以及SO_2气相摩尔分率等进行模拟计算,并将模拟结果、实验结果以及程序求解结果相比较,为氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫工艺工业化提供一定依据。
The FGD of ammonia-ammonium sulfate is a recycling technology of sulfur,accord with China's sustainable development of economic policy,and it can achieve cyclic development of the economy.But at present this technology is at the developing stage,which is a research focus of FGD.
Through self-designed ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD experimental system and the establishment of simulated wet flue gas desulfurization devices,including packed absorption column,simulated flue gas,preparation and circulation of the absorption,compulsory oxidation air,experimental instrument control and experimental testing,the absorption technology of SO_2 were studied.
With industrial ammonia as absorbent,the desulfurization experiment based on the ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD experimental system.Through the reaserch on liquid gas ratio(L/G),initial pH of absorption,composition of absorption,the concentration of absorption,flue gas velocity and the SO_2 concentration,the results demonstrated that the best technical parameters were 2 to 3 L/m~3 for the liquid-gas ratio,5.4 to 6 for the initial pH of absorption,1.5 to 2.0 m/s for the flue gas velocity.When the inlet concentration of SO_2 changed,the system could adjust spray amount or the initial pH value of the absorption. Under the best technical parameters the desul furization rate could reach more than 96 percent.
Through studying the experiment factors,such as(NH_4)_2SO_3 concentration,compulsory oxidation air flow,(NH_4)_2SO_4 concentration,temperature,solution pH value and so on,which impacted the oxidation of(NH_4)_2SO_3.,the oxidation dynamic equati on of low concentration (NH_4)_2SO_3 was established.And the oxidation activation energy of(NH_4)_2SO_3 was proved to be 31.32 kJ/mol.
In this experiment,the products(NH_4)_2SO_4 solution was evaporated and crystal llized, and crystal form,purity and particle size of the product was also analyzed.Through the observation of the phenomenon and characterization of the related equi pments,the results confirmed the impact of metal irons in the solution,and made reasonable proposals to eliminate the impact.At the same time through the study on the particle size distribution of the product,the conclusion that particle size mainly concentrated in 185μm around was found.
The experiment established a model of SO_2 absorption in the packed column.Through programming and solving the equation by Visual Basic 6.0,the relevant parameters of the model were obtained.Then the chemical process simulation software ChemCAD was used to simulate the whole process.Through calculating the liquid gas ratio,the flue gas flow rate,pH value,mole fractions of SO_2 in gas phases,and comparing the results of simulation, experiment and programming,this paper could provide a basis for the industrialization of ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD technology to some extent.
通过自行设计氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验系统,建立模拟烟气湿法脱硫装置,包括填料吸收塔反应器、模拟烟气、吸收液配制及循环、强制氧化空气、实验仪表控制及实验检测等几部分,对SO_2吸收工艺进行了实验研究。
以工业氨水作为吸收剂,在氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验系统上进行脱硫实验,通过对液气比(L/G)、吸收液pH值、吸收液组成、吸收液浓度、烟气流速及进口SO_2浓度等研究,结果显示,最佳工艺参数为液气比2～3L/m3,吸收液的初始pH为5.4～6,烟气流速为1.5～2.0m/s。进口SO_2浓度发生变化时,可通过调节吸收液喷淋量或是吸收液的初始pH值使SO_2脱除率保持稳定。在最佳工艺参数下对SO_2的脱除率达96%以上。
实验通过对(NH_4)_2SO_3浓度、强制氧化空气流量、(NH_4)_2SO_4浓度、反应温度以及溶液的pH值等影响(NH_4)_2SO_3氧化的因素进行研究,建立了低浓度(NH_4)_2SO_3的氧化动力学方程,并得到(NH_4)_2SO_3氧化反应活化能为31.32kJ/mol。
对反应产物(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液进行蒸发结晶实验,然后对产物晶形、纯度及晶体粒径等进行分析。通过对实验现象的观察以及表征,证实了溶液中存在铁离子的影响,并提出合理建议消除影响。同时对晶体粒径进行分析,得到产物径粒主要集中在185μm左右。
建立了填料塔中SO_2的吸收模型,运用Visual Basic6.0编制程序求解方程组,同时利用化工过程模拟软件ChemCAD进行模拟。对液气比、烟气流速、pH值以及SO_2气相摩尔分率等进行模拟计算,并将模拟结果、实验结果以及程序求解结果相比较,为氨-硫酸铵法烟气脱硫工艺工业化提供一定依据。
The FGD of ammonia-ammonium sulfate is a recycling technology of sulfur,accord with China's sustainable development of economic policy,and it can achieve cyclic development of the economy.But at present this technology is at the developing stage,which is a research focus of FGD.
Through self-designed ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD experimental system and the establishment of simulated wet flue gas desulfurization devices,including packed absorption column,simulated flue gas,preparation and circulation of the absorption,compulsory oxidation air,experimental instrument control and experimental testing,the absorption technology of SO_2 were studied.
With industrial ammonia as absorbent,the desulfurization experiment based on the ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD experimental system.Through the reaserch on liquid gas ratio(L/G),initial pH of absorption,composition of absorption,the concentration of absorption,flue gas velocity and the SO_2 concentration,the results demonstrated that the best technical parameters were 2 to 3 L/m~3 for the liquid-gas ratio,5.4 to 6 for the initial pH of absorption,1.5 to 2.0 m/s for the flue gas velocity.When the inlet concentration of SO_2 changed,the system could adjust spray amount or the initial pH value of the absorption. Under the best technical parameters the desul furization rate could reach more than 96 percent.
Through studying the experiment factors,such as(NH_4)_2SO_3 concentration,compulsory oxidation air flow,(NH_4)_2SO_4 concentration,temperature,solution pH value and so on,which impacted the oxidation of(NH_4)_2SO_3.,the oxidation dynamic equati on of low concentration (NH_4)_2SO_3 was established.And the oxidation activation energy of(NH_4)_2SO_3 was proved to be 31.32 kJ/mol.
In this experiment,the products(NH_4)_2SO_4 solution was evaporated and crystal llized, and crystal form,purity and particle size of the product was also analyzed.Through the observation of the phenomenon and characterization of the related equi pments,the results confirmed the impact of metal irons in the solution,and made reasonable proposals to eliminate the impact.At the same time through the study on the particle size distribution of the product,the conclusion that particle size mainly concentrated in 185μm around was found.
The experiment established a model of SO_2 absorption in the packed column.Through programming and solving the equation by Visual Basic 6.0,the relevant parameters of the model were obtained.Then the chemical process simulation software ChemCAD was used to simulate the whole process.Through calculating the liquid gas ratio,the flue gas flow rate,pH value,mole fractions of SO_2 in gas phases,and comparing the results of simulation, experiment and programming,this paper could provide a basis for the industrialization of ammonia-ammonium sulfate FGD technology to some extent.
引文
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