基于交通延误的路网交通状态评价分析
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摘要
交通路网作为社会经济运行的主要载体之一,其稳定性直接关系到国民经济的正常发展。伴随城市经济水平和机动化水平的提高,城市的交通拥堵问题日益严重,逐步从单一性的路段或者交叉口的拥挤演化为区域性的网络拥堵。为了解决这一问题,首先就要对城市交通网络的交通状况进行评价和分析,并在此基础上制定相应的管理措施。目前道路交通状态评价研究已经较为成熟,但面向区域路网交通状态评价领域的研究还并不是很多。现有研究成果中,主要以路网可靠性、路网交通流参数均值等方式来评价路网的交通状态。本文结合实际路网交通特征,选择路网单位里程延误这一物理意义较为明确的指标,作为路网交通状态的评价方法。
基于以上分析,本文根据微波检测器所采集的快速路交通流数据,对交通流状况进行分析,以路段速度空间分布曲线为基础,研究了一种基于交通流分模态的道路交通延误计算方法,并提出了道路单位里程平均延误这一评价指标,用以评价道路的延误水平。根据道路交通服务水平主观评价的分级标准,对于延误进行了等级划分,确定处于拥堵状态的延误等级标准,为研究路网中拥堵路段的分布提供依据。
在此算法的基础上,探讨了面向不同对象的两种路网延误。其中路网宏观单位里程平均延误是以交通管理部门为对象,旨在为交通管理部门提供路网的延误水平宏观评估结果,为交通管理部门的宏观交通措施的制定提供支持；路网OD径路单位里程平均延误旨在为出行者提供出行径路选择,出行延误时间估计道路延误水平评估等作用。最后采用北京市工作日与双休日的交通数据,进行了分析方法和延误计算算法的实例计算。并在此基础上,对所选实例区域路网从路网的总体延误程度、路网的延误影响范围、路网的延误时间分布、以及少数延误水平较低的路段的分布等方面进行了综合评估分析。
As one of the main factors for the socio-economic, the transport network's stability is directly related to the development of the national economy. The city's traffic congestion problems get worsening with the raising of the urban economy and motorization. Gradually the congestion of the road or intersection evolved into regional network congestion. To solve this problem, we should evaluate and analysis the traffic situation in urban traffic network, and on this basis, formulates appropriate management measures. Currently, the state evaluation of the road traffic has been more mature; however, the study of the evaluation of the regional road network traffic conditions also not much. Existing research results, mainly to network reliability, average network traffic flow parameters such means to evaluate the road network traffic conditions. So this paper combined with road network traffic characteristics, use the road network delay per unit distance which physical meaning was specific as the state of network traffic evaluation method.
Based on the above analysis, this paper analysis the traffic flow conditions based on the expressway traffic flow data collected by microwave detector. And establish a road transport delay calculation which based on the road speed distribution curve and the sub-modal traffic flow theory. And this paper proposed the road network delay per unit distance as the evaluate index, to evaluate the level of road delays. And according to subjective assessment of road traffic service level of grading standards, this paper developed the grading standards of the delay, and determine the congestion state of the delay in grading standards. And the study of the distribution of congested road in the road network was based on these works.
Based on this algorithm, this article discussed two different object-oriented road network delay indexes. The road network overall average delay per unit distance index is targeted traffic management, and it was designed to provide road network traffic management delays the macro level assessment, and to support the traffic management to development the macro traffic management measures. Road network average delay per unit distance OD pathway is designed to provide travel choice travel path, travel time delay estimation and the evaluation of the path delay for the travelers. The article finally uses the Beijing traffic data in working day and weekend, analysis the method and examples of calculation of the delay calculation algorithm. And on this basis, the selected instance of the regional road network traffic conditions is evaluated.
基于以上分析,本文根据微波检测器所采集的快速路交通流数据,对交通流状况进行分析,以路段速度空间分布曲线为基础,研究了一种基于交通流分模态的道路交通延误计算方法,并提出了道路单位里程平均延误这一评价指标,用以评价道路的延误水平。根据道路交通服务水平主观评价的分级标准,对于延误进行了等级划分,确定处于拥堵状态的延误等级标准,为研究路网中拥堵路段的分布提供依据。
在此算法的基础上,探讨了面向不同对象的两种路网延误。其中路网宏观单位里程平均延误是以交通管理部门为对象,旨在为交通管理部门提供路网的延误水平宏观评估结果,为交通管理部门的宏观交通措施的制定提供支持；路网OD径路单位里程平均延误旨在为出行者提供出行径路选择,出行延误时间估计道路延误水平评估等作用。最后采用北京市工作日与双休日的交通数据,进行了分析方法和延误计算算法的实例计算。并在此基础上,对所选实例区域路网从路网的总体延误程度、路网的延误影响范围、路网的延误时间分布、以及少数延误水平较低的路段的分布等方面进行了综合评估分析。
As one of the main factors for the socio-economic, the transport network's stability is directly related to the development of the national economy. The city's traffic congestion problems get worsening with the raising of the urban economy and motorization. Gradually the congestion of the road or intersection evolved into regional network congestion. To solve this problem, we should evaluate and analysis the traffic situation in urban traffic network, and on this basis, formulates appropriate management measures. Currently, the state evaluation of the road traffic has been more mature; however, the study of the evaluation of the regional road network traffic conditions also not much. Existing research results, mainly to network reliability, average network traffic flow parameters such means to evaluate the road network traffic conditions. So this paper combined with road network traffic characteristics, use the road network delay per unit distance which physical meaning was specific as the state of network traffic evaluation method.
Based on the above analysis, this paper analysis the traffic flow conditions based on the expressway traffic flow data collected by microwave detector. And establish a road transport delay calculation which based on the road speed distribution curve and the sub-modal traffic flow theory. And this paper proposed the road network delay per unit distance as the evaluate index, to evaluate the level of road delays. And according to subjective assessment of road traffic service level of grading standards, this paper developed the grading standards of the delay, and determine the congestion state of the delay in grading standards. And the study of the distribution of congested road in the road network was based on these works.
Based on this algorithm, this article discussed two different object-oriented road network delay indexes. The road network overall average delay per unit distance index is targeted traffic management, and it was designed to provide road network traffic management delays the macro level assessment, and to support the traffic management to development the macro traffic management measures. Road network average delay per unit distance OD pathway is designed to provide travel choice travel path, travel time delay estimation and the evaluation of the path delay for the travelers. The article finally uses the Beijing traffic data in working day and weekend, analysis the method and examples of calculation of the delay calculation algorithm. And on this basis, the selected instance of the regional road network traffic conditions is evaluated.
引文
[1]JAKoopmann, WG Najm. Identification of Traffic States from Onboard Vehicle Sensors[C]. SAE World Congress.2003(7):18-22.
[2]蹇峰.城市道路交通信息提取关键技术研究[D].长春：吉林大学.2006：12-18.
[3]公安部交通管理局,建设部城市建设司.城市道路交通管理评价体系.北京：公安部交通管理局,建设部城市建设司.2002.
[4]BS Kerner, C Demir, et al. Traffic state detection with floating car data in road networks[C]. Proceedings of the 8th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Vienna Austria.2005:40-45.
[5]童小华,陈建阳.基于GIS和GPS的交通状态参数估计与仿真模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005.33(12)：1604—1607.
[6]章威,徐建闺,王海峰.基于浮动车技术的城市路况计算方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.7(1)：45-49.
[7]路加.交通拥挤的度量方法与基于浮动车的交通拥挤检测[D].北京：清华大学,2003：50-54.
[8]袁月明,关伟,吴建平.基于视频检测技术的城市快速路交通状态分析研究[J].交通与计算机.2008.26(4)：56-60.
[9]赵风波,孙敏.基于模糊聚类分析的交通状态识别方法[J].微型电脑应用.2006.22(2)：102-105
[10]王力,范耀祖,张海.基于探测车技术和多级模糊模式识别的道路交通状态评价方法[J].公路交通科技.2007.24(9)：26-28.
[11]姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].人民交通出版社.2004：66-72.
[12]王子雷,邵长桥,荣建.城市主干路基本路段交通流仿真分析[J].交通与计算机.2008.26(5)：74-78.
[13]王伟民,裴玉龙.城市快速路基本路段车辆运行特性调查与分析[J].北京交通.2007.(9)：44-48.
[14]T Lomax, S Turner, G Shunk.Quantify congestion volumel[R], National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Washington D C.1997:54-58.
[15]K Wood, JP Palmer. RD Bretherton.Congestion analysis and diagnosis in UTC networks[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. London 1994:85-89.
[16]邵敏华等.城市快速路交通评价方法研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2005.13(4)：89-92..
[17]姜桂艳等.基于实时信息的城市道路交通状态评价指标体系研究[J].交通与计算机.2007.25(5)：43-47.
[18]肖永来.基于SCATS采集数据的城市道路交通状态判别技术的研究[J].中国交通信息产业.2005(6)：74-78.
[19]Y Iida, H Wakabayashi. An Approximation Method of Terminal Reliability of a Road Network Using Partial Minimal Path and Cut Set [A].The Fifth WCTR[C].Japan:Yokohama.1989:29-36.
[20]A Nicholson. Assessing Transport Reliability:Malevolence and User Knowledge[C]. The network reliability of transport:proceedings of the 1st international symposium on transportation network reliability (INSTR). Kyoto:Pergamum Press.2003:88-94.
[21]A Chen, H Yang, HK Lo, WH Tang. et al. Capacity Reliability of a Road Network:an assessment methodology and numerical results [J]. Transportation Research,2002.36:225-252.
[22]Y Asakura. Reliability Measures of an Origin and Destination Pair in a Deteriorated Road Network with Variable Flows [A].In Bell, M G H. Transportation Networks:Recent Methodological Advances[C]. Oxford:Pergamum Press.1996:99-104.
[23]Y Iida. Basic Concepts and Future Directions of Road Network Reliability Analysis [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation.1999.33(2):125-134.
[24]Y Yin, H Ieda. Assessing Performance Reliability of Road Network under Non-recurrent Congestion [J]. Transportation Research Record,2001(1771):148-155.
[25]SC Wong, H Yang. Reserve Capacity of a Signal-controlled Road Network [J]. Transportation Research.1997.31:397-402.
[26]臧华,彭国雄.道路网络可靠度问题分析[J].山东交通学院学报.2002.10(3)：55-59.
[27]郭淑霞等.路网可靠性评价指标研究综述[J].城市交通Urban Transport of China. 2008.6(9):98-105.
[28]郭继孚,刘梦涵,于雷,关积珍等.北京市交通拥堵宏观评价指标体系开发及其应用.2007第三届中国智能交通年会论文集.2007：100-106.
[29]全永燊,郭继孚,关积珍,于雷,温慧敏.交通拥堵评价研究及北京交通拥堵评价的实证分析.2007第三届中国智能交通年会论文集.2007：45-49.
[30]Areas[M].1991:427-432.APPENDIX A:Methodology for the 2009 Urban Mobility Report.TTI
[31]Turner, S.M. Examination of Indicators of Congestion level[J]. Transportation Research Record.1992:150-157
[32]Terry Bro, Matt Enso, Chris Vall, Leon Wee. Travel Time Performance Programme:a Step toward Congestion Management System. IPENZ Transportation Conference"Back To The Future" 2006:60-68.
[33]Michael A.P.Taylor*, Jeremy E.Woolley, Rocco Zito, Integration of the global positioning system and geographical information systems for traffic congestion studies. Transportation Research Part C 8(2000)257-285
[34]Sambath NETH, Yasuhiro HIROBATA. Identification of transportation Improvement Projects In Phnom Penh Considering Traffic Congestion Level. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies.2005(5):15-20.
[35]http://cfit.independent.gov.uk/mf/reports/imc/index.htm. Improving the Measurement of Congestion:Interim Report Introduction
[36]http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/roadstraffic/speedscongestion/roadst atstsc/roadstats08tsc, Road Statistics 2008:Traffic, Speeds and Congestion, UK
[37]美国交通研究委员会.道路通行能力手册.人民交通出版社.2007：79-89.
[38]Webster F.V.. Traffic Signal Setting [J]. Road Reseach Laboratory Technical paper.1958(39):258-263.
[39]Kimber.R.and E.Hollis. Traffic Queues and Dalay at Road Junctions [J]. TRRL Laboratory Report.909.
[40]Nagui Rouphhail. Rze Tarko.jing Li. Traffic Flow at signalized intersection.1996:89-92.
[41]李洪萍,裴玉龙,杨中良.快速路自由流速度及其影响因素[J].吉林大学学报(工学版)2007.37(4)：88-92.
[42]BS Kerner, H Rehborn. Experimental properties of phase transitions in traffic flow[J]. Phys. Rev. Lett.1997(79):4030-4033.
[43]Papageorgiou M.Multilayer. Control System Design Applied to Freeway Traffic.IEEE Trans.On AC.1984,29(6)
[44]Papageorgiou M.Applications of Automatic Control Concepts to Traffic Flow Modeling and Control.New York Spinger Verlag.1983:56-62.
[45]CHEN De-wang, GAO Hai-jun and CHEN long. Accuracy Analysis of RTMS on Urban Freeway. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development. 2002.19(5):122-124.
[46]Hughes Testing Center U.S.A Report on Regular Traffic Sensor Performance. FHWA.1994:58-62.
[47]冷欢平.城市路网交通状态评价研究[D].长春：吉林大学.2005
[48]J.A. Azevedo, J.J.E.R.S. Madeira, E.Q.V. Martins and F.M.A. Pires, A shortest paths ranking algorithm. Proceedings of the Annual Conference AIRO'90, Models and Methods for Decision Support. Operational Research Society of Italy.1990:1001-1011.
[49](TCRP), T.C.R.P., Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. ed. N.R.C. TRB. Washington, D.C.1999:99-105.
[50]Transportation, F.D.o.. Multimodal Transportation Quality of Service Handbook.2003:125-130.
[51]A.Fisher, R., The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems[C]. in. Annals of Eugenics.1936:179-188.
[52]O.Duda. R. and P. E.Hart. Pattern Classification Second. China Mathine Press 2003:53-59.
[53]Smith, F.W., Design of multicategory pattern classfiers with two-category classifier design procedures. Ransactions on Computers,1969.18(6):548-551.
[54]H.Highleyman, W. Linear decision functions, with application to pattern recognition. in Proceedings of the IRE.1962:100-106.
[2]蹇峰.城市道路交通信息提取关键技术研究[D].长春：吉林大学.2006：12-18.
[3]公安部交通管理局,建设部城市建设司.城市道路交通管理评价体系.北京：公安部交通管理局,建设部城市建设司.2002.
[4]BS Kerner, C Demir, et al. Traffic state detection with floating car data in road networks[C]. Proceedings of the 8th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Vienna Austria.2005:40-45.
[5]童小华,陈建阳.基于GIS和GPS的交通状态参数估计与仿真模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005.33(12)：1604—1607.
[6]章威,徐建闺,王海峰.基于浮动车技术的城市路况计算方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.7(1)：45-49.
[7]路加.交通拥挤的度量方法与基于浮动车的交通拥挤检测[D].北京：清华大学,2003：50-54.
[8]袁月明,关伟,吴建平.基于视频检测技术的城市快速路交通状态分析研究[J].交通与计算机.2008.26(4)：56-60.
[9]赵风波,孙敏.基于模糊聚类分析的交通状态识别方法[J].微型电脑应用.2006.22(2)：102-105
[10]王力,范耀祖,张海.基于探测车技术和多级模糊模式识别的道路交通状态评价方法[J].公路交通科技.2007.24(9)：26-28.
[11]姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].人民交通出版社.2004：66-72.
[12]王子雷,邵长桥,荣建.城市主干路基本路段交通流仿真分析[J].交通与计算机.2008.26(5)：74-78.
[13]王伟民,裴玉龙.城市快速路基本路段车辆运行特性调查与分析[J].北京交通.2007.(9)：44-48.
[14]T Lomax, S Turner, G Shunk.Quantify congestion volumel[R], National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Washington D C.1997:54-58.
[15]K Wood, JP Palmer. RD Bretherton.Congestion analysis and diagnosis in UTC networks[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. London 1994:85-89.
[16]邵敏华等.城市快速路交通评价方法研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2005.13(4)：89-92..
[17]姜桂艳等.基于实时信息的城市道路交通状态评价指标体系研究[J].交通与计算机.2007.25(5)：43-47.
[18]肖永来.基于SCATS采集数据的城市道路交通状态判别技术的研究[J].中国交通信息产业.2005(6)：74-78.
[19]Y Iida, H Wakabayashi. An Approximation Method of Terminal Reliability of a Road Network Using Partial Minimal Path and Cut Set [A].The Fifth WCTR[C].Japan:Yokohama.1989:29-36.
[20]A Nicholson. Assessing Transport Reliability:Malevolence and User Knowledge[C]. The network reliability of transport:proceedings of the 1st international symposium on transportation network reliability (INSTR). Kyoto:Pergamum Press.2003:88-94.
[21]A Chen, H Yang, HK Lo, WH Tang. et al. Capacity Reliability of a Road Network:an assessment methodology and numerical results [J]. Transportation Research,2002.36:225-252.
[22]Y Asakura. Reliability Measures of an Origin and Destination Pair in a Deteriorated Road Network with Variable Flows [A].In Bell, M G H. Transportation Networks:Recent Methodological Advances[C]. Oxford:Pergamum Press.1996:99-104.
[23]Y Iida. Basic Concepts and Future Directions of Road Network Reliability Analysis [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation.1999.33(2):125-134.
[24]Y Yin, H Ieda. Assessing Performance Reliability of Road Network under Non-recurrent Congestion [J]. Transportation Research Record,2001(1771):148-155.
[25]SC Wong, H Yang. Reserve Capacity of a Signal-controlled Road Network [J]. Transportation Research.1997.31:397-402.
[26]臧华,彭国雄.道路网络可靠度问题分析[J].山东交通学院学报.2002.10(3)：55-59.
[27]郭淑霞等.路网可靠性评价指标研究综述[J].城市交通Urban Transport of China. 2008.6(9):98-105.
[28]郭继孚,刘梦涵,于雷,关积珍等.北京市交通拥堵宏观评价指标体系开发及其应用.2007第三届中国智能交通年会论文集.2007：100-106.
[29]全永燊,郭继孚,关积珍,于雷,温慧敏.交通拥堵评价研究及北京交通拥堵评价的实证分析.2007第三届中国智能交通年会论文集.2007：45-49.
[30]Areas[M].1991:427-432.APPENDIX A:Methodology for the 2009 Urban Mobility Report.TTI
[31]Turner, S.M. Examination of Indicators of Congestion level[J]. Transportation Research Record.1992:150-157
[32]Terry Bro, Matt Enso, Chris Vall, Leon Wee. Travel Time Performance Programme:a Step toward Congestion Management System. IPENZ Transportation Conference"Back To The Future" 2006:60-68.
[33]Michael A.P.Taylor*, Jeremy E.Woolley, Rocco Zito, Integration of the global positioning system and geographical information systems for traffic congestion studies. Transportation Research Part C 8(2000)257-285
[34]Sambath NETH, Yasuhiro HIROBATA. Identification of transportation Improvement Projects In Phnom Penh Considering Traffic Congestion Level. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies.2005(5):15-20.
[35]http://cfit.independent.gov.uk/mf/reports/imc/index.htm. Improving the Measurement of Congestion:Interim Report Introduction
[36]http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/roadstraffic/speedscongestion/roadst atstsc/roadstats08tsc, Road Statistics 2008:Traffic, Speeds and Congestion, UK
[37]美国交通研究委员会.道路通行能力手册.人民交通出版社.2007：79-89.
[38]Webster F.V.. Traffic Signal Setting [J]. Road Reseach Laboratory Technical paper.1958(39):258-263.
[39]Kimber.R.and E.Hollis. Traffic Queues and Dalay at Road Junctions [J]. TRRL Laboratory Report.909.
[40]Nagui Rouphhail. Rze Tarko.jing Li. Traffic Flow at signalized intersection.1996:89-92.
[41]李洪萍,裴玉龙,杨中良.快速路自由流速度及其影响因素[J].吉林大学学报(工学版)2007.37(4)：88-92.
[42]BS Kerner, H Rehborn. Experimental properties of phase transitions in traffic flow[J]. Phys. Rev. Lett.1997(79):4030-4033.
[43]Papageorgiou M.Multilayer. Control System Design Applied to Freeway Traffic.IEEE Trans.On AC.1984,29(6)
[44]Papageorgiou M.Applications of Automatic Control Concepts to Traffic Flow Modeling and Control.New York Spinger Verlag.1983:56-62.
[45]CHEN De-wang, GAO Hai-jun and CHEN long. Accuracy Analysis of RTMS on Urban Freeway. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development. 2002.19(5):122-124.
[46]Hughes Testing Center U.S.A Report on Regular Traffic Sensor Performance. FHWA.1994:58-62.
[47]冷欢平.城市路网交通状态评价研究[D].长春：吉林大学.2005
[48]J.A. Azevedo, J.J.E.R.S. Madeira, E.Q.V. Martins and F.M.A. Pires, A shortest paths ranking algorithm. Proceedings of the Annual Conference AIRO'90, Models and Methods for Decision Support. Operational Research Society of Italy.1990:1001-1011.
[49](TCRP), T.C.R.P., Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. ed. N.R.C. TRB. Washington, D.C.1999:99-105.
[50]Transportation, F.D.o.. Multimodal Transportation Quality of Service Handbook.2003:125-130.
[51]A.Fisher, R., The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems[C]. in. Annals of Eugenics.1936:179-188.
[52]O.Duda. R. and P. E.Hart. Pattern Classification Second. China Mathine Press 2003:53-59.
[53]Smith, F.W., Design of multicategory pattern classfiers with two-category classifier design procedures. Ransactions on Computers,1969.18(6):548-551.
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