二维超分辨测向算法理论及应用技术研究
|
摘要
为了提高被动探测器的角度分辨力,使其具有对同时到达的多部雷达信号的处理能力,本课题围绕二维超分辨测向算法理论及其在被动探测器中的应用展开研究。主要研究工程应用中急需解决的信源数估计问题、实际系统中阵列误差校正问题和算法的快速实现问题,针对每个问题进行深入细致的探讨,并提出了相应的解决方法,进行了软硬件方案的设计和实现,最后在实际系统中验证了所提算法的有效性,进行了相关指标的测试。
在信源数估计方面,根据实际系统中的噪声为各阵元之间相关色噪声这一特点,分别提出了基于协方差矩阵对角加载的信源数估计方法和基于改进K-均值聚类算法的信源数估计方法。前一种方法通过对角加载,改善了色噪声导致的特征值发散,然后利用信息论准则估计信源数;后一种方法根据信号特征值与噪声特征值的差异,合理的构造判别准则,然后利用K-均值聚类的思想将噪声特征值和信号特征值划分成两类。两种方法都可应用于色噪声背景下的信源数估计,其估计性能优于盖尔圆盘法,通过计算机仿真实验和实测数据实验验证了算法的有效性。
在阵列误差校正方面,针对实际系统中对测向性能影响较大的通道幅度和相位不一致性误差,提出了阵列天线通道不一致性校正的辅加阵元法,该方法通过在阵列天线附近设置一个辅加阵元,获取通道幅度和相位不一致性误差的估计,然后对接收数据进行校正。针对系统中存在的阵元位置误差,提出了基于遗传算法的阵元位置误差校正方法,该方法需要在远场设置一个位置不需要精确已知的辅助信源,经过遗传算法的优化获取阵元位置误差和信源位置的联合估计,校正算法可以离线完成,从而不占用算法的运算时间。
在二维DOA(Direction of arrival—DOA)估计的快速实现方面,提出了基于多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法,利用多级维纳滤波器的前向递推获得接收数据的信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而有效的降低了特征分解的计算量。为了降低二维DOA估计中谱峰搜索的运算量,提出了利用大小步长实现角度搜索的方法,该方法首先选用较大搜索步长确定DOA的粗略估计值,然后在此估计值附近区域内采用小步长进行精搜索,获得DOA的精确估计值,采用该方法可以大大降低二维DOA估计时谱峰搜索的运算量。
在测向处理器方案设计及实现方面,根据MUSIC(Multiple SignalClassification—MUSIC)算法运算中数据动态范围大、精度要求高的特点和算法实时性的要求,采用四片ADI公司高性能浮点DSP TS101S并行实现MUSIC算法。在实际系统中进行了实验,验证了本文所提算法的有效性,并对测向处理器的相关指标进行了测试。该硬件系统的设计与实现,为研制新型体制的被动探测器和推动MUSIC算法的工程应用奠定了基础。
In order to improve the angle resolution of the passive detector and make it have the capability of measuring multiple simultaneous signals, application of super-resolution DOA estimation algorithm to passive detector is studied in this dissertation. Several problems urgently to be solved are primarily researched, including estimating the number of signals, array error calibration in actual system and fast realization of the algorithm. Each subject is studied in detail, and corresponding calibration methods are proposed. The software and hardware of the direction estimation processor is designed and realized in this dissertation, and the experiments in the practical system prove these proposed methods valid and effective, and some indexes are tested in the system.
In terms of source number estimation, based on the reality that noise in the system is correlated colour noise, two methods of source number estimation are proposed, one is determining the number of sources based on diagonal loading to the covariance matrix, the other is method of source number detection based on modified K-means clustering. The first method prove that the effect of small eigenvalues on the estimation of source numbers can be reduced by diagonally loading to the corresponding correlation matrix, then the information theoretic criteria method is available. The second method construct a distinguish criteria according to the difference between the signal and noise eigenvalues, and then the signal and noise eigenvalues are classified into two kinds using K- means clustering method. Both of the methods can be applicable in colour noise field, and their performance prefer to the Gerschgorin disks method. Computer simulation results and the available measured data confirmation prove the proposed methods valid.
In terms of array error calibration, according to the reality that direction estimation performance degrades significantly when channel uncertainty exists, a calibration method for array antenna channel uncertainty using instrumental sensor is proposed. The method obtains the estimation of the channel uncertainty errors by processing the data information of the instrumental sensor's signal, so the influence of channel uncertainty is restrained, and the performance of DOA estimation is improved through errors compensation. According to antenna array position error, a correction method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The method needs a instrumental source whose precise position is not necessary, and obtains the joint estimation for the antenna position error and direction of source. The method does not increase arithmetic time, because the correction can be done off-line.
In terms of fast realization of 2-D DOA (Direction of arrival—DOA) estimation, a fast algorithm for 2-D DOA estimation based on multi-stage wiener filter(MSWF) is proposed. Utilizing the forward recursion of the multi-stage wiener filter, we can get the signal and noise subspace, so the calculation is reduced effectively. In order to reduce the calculation of peak value searching in 2-D DOA estimation, a new searching method based on large and small step size is proposed. The roughly estimated value is obtained using large step size searching, and then the precise value is obtained by small-step-size searching in the region of rough value. The calculation of peak value searching in 2-D DOA estimation is drastically reduced by using this method.
In terms of design and implementation scheme of direction finding processor, according to the characteristic that data's dynamic range is very wide and the precision needs very high, four chips of high performance float DSP TS101 are used to realize the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification—MUSIC) algorithm, so the MUSIC algorithm can be realized in real time. The experiments in the practical system prove these proposed methods valid and effective, and some indexes are tested in the system. The design and implementation of the direction measuring system settle a basis for developing new type of passive detective system and engineering application of MUSIC algorithm.
在信源数估计方面,根据实际系统中的噪声为各阵元之间相关色噪声这一特点,分别提出了基于协方差矩阵对角加载的信源数估计方法和基于改进K-均值聚类算法的信源数估计方法。前一种方法通过对角加载,改善了色噪声导致的特征值发散,然后利用信息论准则估计信源数;后一种方法根据信号特征值与噪声特征值的差异,合理的构造判别准则,然后利用K-均值聚类的思想将噪声特征值和信号特征值划分成两类。两种方法都可应用于色噪声背景下的信源数估计,其估计性能优于盖尔圆盘法,通过计算机仿真实验和实测数据实验验证了算法的有效性。
在阵列误差校正方面,针对实际系统中对测向性能影响较大的通道幅度和相位不一致性误差,提出了阵列天线通道不一致性校正的辅加阵元法,该方法通过在阵列天线附近设置一个辅加阵元,获取通道幅度和相位不一致性误差的估计,然后对接收数据进行校正。针对系统中存在的阵元位置误差,提出了基于遗传算法的阵元位置误差校正方法,该方法需要在远场设置一个位置不需要精确已知的辅助信源,经过遗传算法的优化获取阵元位置误差和信源位置的联合估计,校正算法可以离线完成,从而不占用算法的运算时间。
在二维DOA(Direction of arrival—DOA)估计的快速实现方面,提出了基于多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法,利用多级维纳滤波器的前向递推获得接收数据的信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而有效的降低了特征分解的计算量。为了降低二维DOA估计中谱峰搜索的运算量,提出了利用大小步长实现角度搜索的方法,该方法首先选用较大搜索步长确定DOA的粗略估计值,然后在此估计值附近区域内采用小步长进行精搜索,获得DOA的精确估计值,采用该方法可以大大降低二维DOA估计时谱峰搜索的运算量。
在测向处理器方案设计及实现方面,根据MUSIC(Multiple SignalClassification—MUSIC)算法运算中数据动态范围大、精度要求高的特点和算法实时性的要求,采用四片ADI公司高性能浮点DSP TS101S并行实现MUSIC算法。在实际系统中进行了实验,验证了本文所提算法的有效性,并对测向处理器的相关指标进行了测试。该硬件系统的设计与实现,为研制新型体制的被动探测器和推动MUSIC算法的工程应用奠定了基础。
In order to improve the angle resolution of the passive detector and make it have the capability of measuring multiple simultaneous signals, application of super-resolution DOA estimation algorithm to passive detector is studied in this dissertation. Several problems urgently to be solved are primarily researched, including estimating the number of signals, array error calibration in actual system and fast realization of the algorithm. Each subject is studied in detail, and corresponding calibration methods are proposed. The software and hardware of the direction estimation processor is designed and realized in this dissertation, and the experiments in the practical system prove these proposed methods valid and effective, and some indexes are tested in the system.
In terms of source number estimation, based on the reality that noise in the system is correlated colour noise, two methods of source number estimation are proposed, one is determining the number of sources based on diagonal loading to the covariance matrix, the other is method of source number detection based on modified K-means clustering. The first method prove that the effect of small eigenvalues on the estimation of source numbers can be reduced by diagonally loading to the corresponding correlation matrix, then the information theoretic criteria method is available. The second method construct a distinguish criteria according to the difference between the signal and noise eigenvalues, and then the signal and noise eigenvalues are classified into two kinds using K- means clustering method. Both of the methods can be applicable in colour noise field, and their performance prefer to the Gerschgorin disks method. Computer simulation results and the available measured data confirmation prove the proposed methods valid.
In terms of array error calibration, according to the reality that direction estimation performance degrades significantly when channel uncertainty exists, a calibration method for array antenna channel uncertainty using instrumental sensor is proposed. The method obtains the estimation of the channel uncertainty errors by processing the data information of the instrumental sensor's signal, so the influence of channel uncertainty is restrained, and the performance of DOA estimation is improved through errors compensation. According to antenna array position error, a correction method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The method needs a instrumental source whose precise position is not necessary, and obtains the joint estimation for the antenna position error and direction of source. The method does not increase arithmetic time, because the correction can be done off-line.
In terms of fast realization of 2-D DOA (Direction of arrival—DOA) estimation, a fast algorithm for 2-D DOA estimation based on multi-stage wiener filter(MSWF) is proposed. Utilizing the forward recursion of the multi-stage wiener filter, we can get the signal and noise subspace, so the calculation is reduced effectively. In order to reduce the calculation of peak value searching in 2-D DOA estimation, a new searching method based on large and small step size is proposed. The roughly estimated value is obtained using large step size searching, and then the precise value is obtained by small-step-size searching in the region of rough value. The calculation of peak value searching in 2-D DOA estimation is drastically reduced by using this method.
In terms of design and implementation scheme of direction finding processor, according to the characteristic that data's dynamic range is very wide and the precision needs very high, four chips of high performance float DSP TS101 are used to realize the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification—MUSIC) algorithm, so the MUSIC algorithm can be realized in real time. The experiments in the practical system prove these proposed methods valid and effective, and some indexes are tested in the system. The design and implementation of the direction measuring system settle a basis for developing new type of passive detective system and engineering application of MUSIC algorithm.
引文
[1]司锡才,赵建民编著.宽频带反辐射导弹导引头技术基础[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1996:27-102.
[2]杨文华,高梅国.反辐射导弹抗两点源干扰研究[J].航天电子对抗,2005,21(3):17-19.
[3]李洪升.反辐射导弹诱骗性能分析[J].火控雷达技术,2006,35(3):42-44.
[4]郑木生.有源诱骗抗反辐射导弹技、战术及布战方式研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:4-12.
[5]Burg,J P.Maximum entropy spectral analysis[J].Proc.of the 37th Meeting of the Annual Int.Society of Exploration Geophysicists meeting,Oklahoma City,OK,1967.
[6]Capon J.High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis.Proc.of IEEE,1969,57(8):1408-1418.
[7]Schmidt R O.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1986,34(3):276-280.
[8]Rao B D,Hari K V S.Performance analysis of root-MUSIC[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1989,37(12):1939-1949.
[9]Kumaresan R,Tufts D W.Estimating the angle of arrival of multiple plane waves[A].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace Electron Systems,1983,19(1):134-139.
[10]Li F,Vaccaro J,Tufts D W.Min-norm linear prediction for arbitrary sensor array[A].In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,Glasgow,UK.May 1989,2613-2616.
[11]BOHME J F.Estimation of source parameters by maximum likelihood and nonlinear regression[A].Proc.ICASSP'84[C].Bostoa,MA,USA:IEEE,Apr.1984:731-734o
[12]B.Ottersten,Viberg M,P.Stoica and A.Nehorai.Exact and large sample ML techniques for parameter estimation and detection in array processing[J]. IN Haykin, Litva and shepherd editors, Radar arrar processing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993:99-151.
[13] Viberg M, Otterstem B. Sensor array processing based on subspace fitting[J].IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1991, 39(5):1110-1121.
[14] Cadzow J A. A high resolution direction-of-arrival algorithm for narrowband coherent and incoherent sources[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1988, 36(7):965-979.
[15] Viberg M, Otterstern B. Detection and estimation in sensor arrays using weighted subspace fitting[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1991,39(11):2436-2449.
[16] Schmidt R O. A signal subspace approach to multiple emitter location and spectrum estimation[D]. Stanford University., Stanford, CA, 1981.
[17] Wax M, Kailath T. Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria[J].IEEE Trans. on Acoust Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 33(2):387-392.
[18] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. On detection of numbers of signals in presence of white noise[J]. Multivariate Anal, 1986, 20: 1-25.
[19] Zhang Q, Wong K M. Statistical analysis of the performance of information theoretic criteria in the detection of the number of signals in array processing[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1989,37(10):1557-1567.
[20] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. On detection of numbers of signals when the noise covariance matrix is arbitrary[J]. Multivariate Anal, 1986, 20:26-49.
[21] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. Remarks on Certain Criteria for Detection of Number of Signals[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1987, 35(2): 129-132.
[22] Wax M, Ziskind I. Detection of the number of coherent signals by the MDL principle[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1989,37(8):1190-1196.
[23] Wong K M, Zhang Q, Reilly J P. On information theoretic criteria for determining the number of signals in high resolution array processing[J].IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1990, 38(1):1959-1971.
[24] E. Fishier, H. Messer. Order statistics approach for determining the number of sources using an array of sensors[J]. IEEE Single Processing Letters, 1999 7(6):179-182
[25]. E. Fishier, H. Messer. On the use of order statistics for improved detection of signals by the MDL criterion[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2000,48(8):2242-2247.
[26] Chen W G, Wong K M, Reilly J P. Detection of the number of signals: a predicted eigen-threshold approach[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1991, 39(5):1088-1098.
[27] Shan T J, Paulray A, Kailath T. On smoothed rand profile tests in eigen structure methods for directions-of-arrival estimation[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1987, 35(10):1377-1385.
[28] Cozzens J H, Sousa M J. Source enumeration in a correlated signal environment[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1994,42(2):304-317.
[29] Di A. Multiple sources location-a matrix decomposition. approach[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 35(4):1086-1091.
[30] H. T. Wu, J. F. Yang, F. K. Chen. Source number estimator using Gerschgorin Disks[J]. Proc. ICASSP, Adelaide, Australia, 1994:261-264.
[31] H. T. Wu, J. F. Yang, F. K. Chen. Source number estimation using transformed Gerschgorin Radii[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1995,43(6):1325- 1333.
[32] Petre Stoica, Mats Cedervall. Detection tests for array processing in unknown correlated noise fields[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1997,45(9):2351-2362.
[33] Zhang Q T, Wang K M. Information theoretic criteria for the determination of the number of signals in spatially correlated noise[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1993,41(4):1652-1663.
[34]Jean-Jacques Fuchs.Estimation of the number of signals in the presence of unknown correlated sensor noise[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1992,40(5):1053-1061.
[35]Pascale C,Joel G,Pascal L et al.Estimation of the number of signals from features of the covariance matrix:a supervised approach[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1999,47(11):3108-3115.
[36]张杰,廖桂生,王珏.对角加载对信号源数目估计性能的改善[J].电子学报,2004,12(33):2094-2097.
[37]刘君.色噪声背景中信源数检测方法研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004:33-35.
[38]包志强,韩冰,吴顺君.基于模糊聚类的信源个数检测新算法[J].电子与信息学报,2006,28(10):1761-1765.
[39]Schmidt R O.Multilinear array manifold interpolation.IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1992,40(4):857-866.
[40]Weiss A J,and Friedlander B.Array Manifold Interpolation for Diversely Polarized Arrays[J].Proceedings of the 26-th Asilomar Conference on Signals,Systems and Computers,Pacific-Grove,CA,October 26-28,1992:214-218.
[41]Zhang Ming,Zhu Zhaoda.DOA estimation with sensor gain,phase and position perturbations[A].Proc.IEEE NAECON,Dayton,Ohio,1993:67-69.
[42]Stavropoulos K,Manikas A.Array calibration in the presence of unknown sensor characteristics and mumal coupling[A].Proceedings of the EUSIPCO 2000[C].Finland,2000,3:1417-1420.
[43]N.Fistas,A.Manikas.A new general global array calibration method[A].Proceedings of IEEE ICASSP'94,1994,4:73-76.
[44]Hung E.Matrix-Construction Calibration Method for Antenna Arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,36(3):819-828.
[45]贾永康,保睁,吴恒.一种阵列天线阵元位置、幅度及相位误差的有源校 正方法[J].电子学报,1996,24(3):47-52.
[46]张铭,朱兆达.无需精确已知校正源方向的阵列通道不一致的单源校正[J].电子科学学刊,1995,17(1):20-25.
[47]Hong J S.Genetic approach to bearing estimation with sensor location uncertainties[J].Electronic letters,1993,29(23):2013-2014.
[48]Weiss A J,and Friedlander B.Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations-a maxilmum-likelihood approach[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustic s Speech and Signal Processing,1989,37(12):1958-1966.
[49]Friedlander B,Weiss A J.Eigenstructure methods for direction finding with sensor gain and phase uncertainties[J].ICASSP,1988,5:2681-2684.
[50]Viberg M,Swindlehurst A L.A Bayesian approach to auto-calibration for parametric array processing[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(12):3495-3507.
[51]Friedlander B,Weiss A J.Direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1991,39(3):273-284.
[52]Brian P.Flanagan,Kristine L.Bell.Improved array self calibration with large sensor position errors for closely spaced sources[A].Proceeding of IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Workshop,2000:484-488.
[53]Hung E.A critical study of a self-calibration direction-finding method for arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1994,42(2):471-474.
[54]Chongying Qi,Yongliang Wang,Yongshun Zhang.A decoupling DOA estimation and self-calibration algorithm for circular antenna array[A].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2005:366-369.
[55]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.均匀线阵互耦条件下的鲁棒DOA估计及互耦自校正[J].中国科学E辑,2004,34(2):229-135.
[56]徐青,陶海红,廖桂生.基于GA的阵列幅相误差校正新方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):654-657.
[57]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.方位依赖阵元幅相误差校正的辅助阵元法[J].中国科学E辑,2004,34(8):906-918.
[58]Wang Buhong,Wang Yongliang,Chen hui.Array calibration of angularly dependent gain and phase uncertainties with instrumental sensors[A].IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology,Boston,Massachustts,USA,22-27,Oct,2003:182-186.
[59]Bradbury W W,Fletcher R.New iterative methods for solution of the eigenproblem[J].Numerische Mathematil,1966,9:259-267.
[60]H.Chen,T.K.Sarkar,S.A.Dianat et al.Adaptive spectral estimation by the conjugate gradient method[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1986,34(2):272-284.
[61]Fu Z,Dowling E M.Conjugate gradient eigenstructure tracking for adaptive spectral estimation[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1995,43(5):1151-1160.
[62]T.S.Durrani,K.C.Sharman.Eigenfilter approaches to adaptive array processing[J].IEE Proc.-F.,1983,130(1):22-28.
[63]张永军,陈宗骘,韩平.幂迭代超分辨率快速算法[J].电子科学学刊,1998,20(3):417-420.
[64]Xu G,Zha H,Golub G et al.Fast algorithm for updating signal subspace[J].IEEE Trans.on Computer Society,1994,41(8):537-549.
[65]Xu G,Kailath T.Fast Subspace Decomposition[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(3):539-551.
[66]Xu G,Cho Y,Kailath T.Application of fast subspace decomposition to signal processing and communication problems[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(6):1453-1461.
[67]Xu G,T.Kailath.Fast estimation of principal eigenspace using Lanczos algorithm[J].SIAM J.Matrix Anal.Appl.,1994,15(3):974-994.
[68]Xu G,T.Kailath.A fast algorithm for signal subspace decomposition and its performance analysis[A].In Proceedings.of ICASSP-91 Conference,April,1991.vol,5,pp:3069-3072.
[69]Goldstein J S and Reed I S,A new method of Wiener filtering and its application to interference mitigation for communications[A].In Proc.IEEE MILCOM,Monterey,CA,USA,Nov,1997.Vol,3:1087-1091.
[70]Goldstein J S.Reed I S.and Scharf L L.A multistage representation of the Wiener filter based on orthogonal projections[J].IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,1998,44(7):2943-2959.
[71]Huang L,Wu S J,Feng D et al.Low complexity method for signal subspace fitting[J].IEE Electronics Letters,2004,40(14):847-848.
[72]Huang L,Zhang L,Wu S J.A new method for noise subspace estimation based on the spatial smoothing Lanczos algorithm[A].Proceedings of IEEE APS 2004,Monterey,CA,USA,June 2004,pp:3689-3692.
[73]Huang L,Yuan W,Zhang L,Wu S J.Direction-of-arrival estimation via the multi-stage wiener filter[J].Proceedings of International Conference on Radar Systems 2004,Toulouse,France,Oct.2004.
[74]Huang L,Wu S J,Zhang L.A novel MUSIC algorithm for direction-of -arrival estimation without the estimate of covariance matrix and its eigendecomposition[A].IEEE VTC 2005-Spring Sweden,2005,30(1):16-19.
[75]黄磊.快速子空间估计方法研究及其在阵列信号处理中的应用[D].西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,2005:51-73.
[76]黄可生,张国柱,黄知涛等.基于Lanczos算法的宽带相关信号DOA快速估计[J].信号处理,2006,22(3):295-298.
[77]黄可生,张国柱,黄知涛等.基于Krylov子空间的宽带信号DOA估计方法[J].宇航学报,2005,26(4):461-465.
[78]黄可生.宽带信号阵列高分辨处理技术研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,2005:66-86.
[79]陈昊.空间谱估计算法的高速实现[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003:1-4.
[80]肖先赐,魏平.空间谱估计测向实验系统[J].电子科技大学学报,1995,24(7):113-120.
[81]高勇,刘皓,肖先赐等.MUSIC算法在高速DSP上的并行实现[J].通信学报,2000,21(4):84-88.
[82]董照飞.基于DSP的MUSIC算法的实现[J].现代电子技术,2006,238 (23):21-23.
[83]M.Kaveh,A.Bassias.Threshold extension based on a new paradigm for MUSIC-type estimation[J].International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,vol.5,1990,pp:2535-2538.
[84]Congfeng,Liu;Guisheng,Liao.Fast algorithm for Root-MUSIC with Real-Valued egendecomposition[J].International Conference on Radar 2006.CIE'06,2000,10:1-4.
[85]Pesavento M,Gershman,A B,Haardt,M.Unitary root-MUSIC with a real-valued eigendecomposition:a theoretical and experimental performance study[J].Transaction on Signal Processing,2000,5(48):1306-1314.
[86]Salameh,A,Tayem,N,Kwon,H.M.Improved 2-D root MUSIC for non-circular signals[J].IEEE Workshop Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing,2006:151-156.
[87]Withers,L Jr.Piecewise Root-MUSIC[J].International Conference on ASSP,April,1991,5:3305-3308.
[88]Ren Q S,Willis A.J.Fast root-MUSIC algorithm[J].IEE Electronics Letters,1997,33(6):450-451.
[89]Charge P.Yide Wang.A Root-MUSIC-like direction finding method for cyclostationary signals[J].IEEE International Conference on ASSP,May,2004,2:225-228.
[90]Bienvenu G,Kopp L.Decreasing high resolution technique sensitivity by conventional beamformer preprocessing[J].Proc IEEE ICASSP,1984,33(2):1-4.
[91]Zoltowski M D,Kautz G M,Silverstein,S D.Beamspace root-MUSIC[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1993,41(1):344-364.
[92]Lee H,Wengrovitz M.Resolution threshold of beamspace MUSIC for two closely spaced emitter[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1990,38(9):1545-1559
[93]Li F,Liu H.Statistical Analysis of beam-space estimation for direction-of-arrivals [J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(3):604-610.
[94]Xu X L,Buckley K M.An snalysis of beam-space source localization[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1993,41(1):501-504.
[95]Xu X L,Buckley K M.Reduced-dimension beamspace broadband,source localization:Preprocessor design and evaluation[J].In Proc.IEEE ASSP 4~(th)Workshop Spectrum Estimation Modeling,Aug,1988,8:22-27.
[96]Xu X L,Buckley K M.Statistical performance comparison of MUSIC in.elenlent space and beam-space[C].In Proceeding of ICASSP,1989:2124-2127.
[97]Xu X L,Buckley K M.A comparison of element and beam space spatial -spectrum estimation for multiple source clusters[C].Proceeding of ICASSP,1990,5:2643-2646.
[98]Godara,L C.Beamforming in the presence of correlated arrivals using structuredcorrelation matrix[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1990,38(1):1-15.
[99]Lian X H,Zhou J J.2-D DOA estimation for uniform circular arrays with PM[J].7th International Symposium on Antennas,Propagation & EM Theory,Oct,2006:1-4.
[100]刁鸣,王艳温.基于任意平面阵列的二维测向技术研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27(4):593-596.
[101]苏力,施家添.圆口径天线的近场分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(5A):140-142.
[102]文光华,张祖荫,郭伟等.微波辐射特性测试场的设计[J].华中理工大学学报,1995,23(8):117-120.
[103]王永良,陈辉,彭应宁等.空间谱估计理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:19-26.
[104]Chen W,Reilly J P.Detection of the number of signals in noise with banded -covariance matrices[J].IEEE Trans.on SP,1992,42(5):377-380.
[105]Wong K M,Wu Q,Stoica P.Generalized correlation decomposition applied to array processing in unknown noise environments[J].In Advances in spectrum analysis and array processing.S.Haykin,Ed.Prentice Hall,1995.
[106]Akaike H.A new look at statistical model identification[J].IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1974,(AC-19):716-722.
[107]Rissanen J.Modeling by shortest data description[J].Automatica,1978,14:465-471.
[108]Schwartz G.Estimation the demension of a model[J].Ann.Stat,1978,6:461-464.
[109]P.Stoica and M.Cedervall.Detection tests for array processing in unknown correlated noise fields[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1997,45(9):2351-2362.
[110]Anderson T W.Asymptotic theory for principle component analysis[J].Ann.Math.Statist.1963,34(4):122-148.
[111]Wax M,Kailath T.Determining the number of signals by information theoretic criteria[J].ICASSP,San.Diego,1984:631-634.
[112]Wu Y,Tam K W.On determination of the number of signals in spatially correlated noise[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1998,46(11):3023-3029.
[113]Wu Y,Tam K W,Li F.Determination of number of sources with multiple arrays in correlated noise fields[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2002,50(6):1257-1260.
[114]Calson B D.Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1988,24(7):397-401.
[115]Ning Ma,Joo Thiam Goh.Efficient method to determine diagonal loading value[J].Proc.ICASSP,2003,15(4):341-344.
[116]Xu R,Wunsch D.Survey of clustering algorithms[J].IEEE Trans.on Neural Network,2005,16(3):645-678.
[117]苏为民,顾红,倪晋麟等.通道幅相误差条件下MUSIC空域谱的统计性能[J].电子学报,2000,28(6):105-107.
[118]于斌,宋铮,丁刚.通道失配对测向性能的影响与分析[J].舰船电子工程,2005,25(1):108-111.
[119]苏为民,顾红,倪晋麟等.多通道幅相误差对空域谱及分辨性能影响的分析[J].自然科学进展,2001,11(5):557-560.
[120]Zhang Ming,Zhu Zhaoda.A method for direction finding under sensor gain and phase uncertainties[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1995,43(8):880-883.
[121]Pierae J.Kaveh M.Experimental Performance of calibration and Direction -Finding Algorithms[A].Proc,IEEE ICASSP[C],Toronto,Canada,1991,1365-1368.
[122]Jaffer A G.Sparse mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain/phase estimation for array auto-calibration[J].Proceedings of IEEE Rader Conference,2002:294-297.
[123]俄广西,蒋谷峰.阵列天线通道误差的盲校正[J].系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(3):410-412.
[124]于斌,宋铮.阵元位置误差对测向性能的影响与分析[J].航天电子对抗,2005,21(1):19-22.
[125]李相平,唐志凯,刘隆和等.阵元位置误差有源估计方法研究[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2005,20(2):251-253.
[126]于斌,黄赪东.一种新的阵元位置误差校正方法[J].探测与控制学报,2006,28(5):46-50.
[127]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法-理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002:1-50.
[128]张文修,梁怡.遗传算法的数学基础[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001:1-15.
[129]金鸿章,王科俊,何琳.遗传算法理论及其在船舶横摇运动控制中的应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2006:1-30.
[130]高勇,刘皓,肖先赐,魏平.MUSIC算法在高速DSP上的并行实现[J].通信学报,2000,21(4):84-88.
[131]吴仁彪.一种通用的高分辨率波达方向估计预处理新方法[J].电子科学学刊,1993,15(3):305-309.
[132]Ricks D C,Goldstein J S.Efficient Architectures for Implementing Adaptive Algorithms[A].Proceedings of the 2000 Antenna Applications Symposium[C].Allerton Park,Monticello,IL,2000:29-41.
[133]刘书明,苏涛,罗军辉编著.TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:287-307.
[2]杨文华,高梅国.反辐射导弹抗两点源干扰研究[J].航天电子对抗,2005,21(3):17-19.
[3]李洪升.反辐射导弹诱骗性能分析[J].火控雷达技术,2006,35(3):42-44.
[4]郑木生.有源诱骗抗反辐射导弹技、战术及布战方式研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:4-12.
[5]Burg,J P.Maximum entropy spectral analysis[J].Proc.of the 37th Meeting of the Annual Int.Society of Exploration Geophysicists meeting,Oklahoma City,OK,1967.
[6]Capon J.High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis.Proc.of IEEE,1969,57(8):1408-1418.
[7]Schmidt R O.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1986,34(3):276-280.
[8]Rao B D,Hari K V S.Performance analysis of root-MUSIC[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1989,37(12):1939-1949.
[9]Kumaresan R,Tufts D W.Estimating the angle of arrival of multiple plane waves[A].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace Electron Systems,1983,19(1):134-139.
[10]Li F,Vaccaro J,Tufts D W.Min-norm linear prediction for arbitrary sensor array[A].In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,Glasgow,UK.May 1989,2613-2616.
[11]BOHME J F.Estimation of source parameters by maximum likelihood and nonlinear regression[A].Proc.ICASSP'84[C].Bostoa,MA,USA:IEEE,Apr.1984:731-734o
[12]B.Ottersten,Viberg M,P.Stoica and A.Nehorai.Exact and large sample ML techniques for parameter estimation and detection in array processing[J]. IN Haykin, Litva and shepherd editors, Radar arrar processing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993:99-151.
[13] Viberg M, Otterstem B. Sensor array processing based on subspace fitting[J].IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1991, 39(5):1110-1121.
[14] Cadzow J A. A high resolution direction-of-arrival algorithm for narrowband coherent and incoherent sources[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1988, 36(7):965-979.
[15] Viberg M, Otterstern B. Detection and estimation in sensor arrays using weighted subspace fitting[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1991,39(11):2436-2449.
[16] Schmidt R O. A signal subspace approach to multiple emitter location and spectrum estimation[D]. Stanford University., Stanford, CA, 1981.
[17] Wax M, Kailath T. Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria[J].IEEE Trans. on Acoust Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 33(2):387-392.
[18] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. On detection of numbers of signals in presence of white noise[J]. Multivariate Anal, 1986, 20: 1-25.
[19] Zhang Q, Wong K M. Statistical analysis of the performance of information theoretic criteria in the detection of the number of signals in array processing[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1989,37(10):1557-1567.
[20] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. On detection of numbers of signals when the noise covariance matrix is arbitrary[J]. Multivariate Anal, 1986, 20:26-49.
[21] Zhao L C, Krishnaiah P R, Bai Z D. Remarks on Certain Criteria for Detection of Number of Signals[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1987, 35(2): 129-132.
[22] Wax M, Ziskind I. Detection of the number of coherent signals by the MDL principle[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1989,37(8):1190-1196.
[23] Wong K M, Zhang Q, Reilly J P. On information theoretic criteria for determining the number of signals in high resolution array processing[J].IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1990, 38(1):1959-1971.
[24] E. Fishier, H. Messer. Order statistics approach for determining the number of sources using an array of sensors[J]. IEEE Single Processing Letters, 1999 7(6):179-182
[25]. E. Fishier, H. Messer. On the use of order statistics for improved detection of signals by the MDL criterion[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2000,48(8):2242-2247.
[26] Chen W G, Wong K M, Reilly J P. Detection of the number of signals: a predicted eigen-threshold approach[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1991, 39(5):1088-1098.
[27] Shan T J, Paulray A, Kailath T. On smoothed rand profile tests in eigen structure methods for directions-of-arrival estimation[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1987, 35(10):1377-1385.
[28] Cozzens J H, Sousa M J. Source enumeration in a correlated signal environment[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1994,42(2):304-317.
[29] Di A. Multiple sources location-a matrix decomposition. approach[J]. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 35(4):1086-1091.
[30] H. T. Wu, J. F. Yang, F. K. Chen. Source number estimator using Gerschgorin Disks[J]. Proc. ICASSP, Adelaide, Australia, 1994:261-264.
[31] H. T. Wu, J. F. Yang, F. K. Chen. Source number estimation using transformed Gerschgorin Radii[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1995,43(6):1325- 1333.
[32] Petre Stoica, Mats Cedervall. Detection tests for array processing in unknown correlated noise fields[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1997,45(9):2351-2362.
[33] Zhang Q T, Wang K M. Information theoretic criteria for the determination of the number of signals in spatially correlated noise[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1993,41(4):1652-1663.
[34]Jean-Jacques Fuchs.Estimation of the number of signals in the presence of unknown correlated sensor noise[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1992,40(5):1053-1061.
[35]Pascale C,Joel G,Pascal L et al.Estimation of the number of signals from features of the covariance matrix:a supervised approach[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1999,47(11):3108-3115.
[36]张杰,廖桂生,王珏.对角加载对信号源数目估计性能的改善[J].电子学报,2004,12(33):2094-2097.
[37]刘君.色噪声背景中信源数检测方法研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004:33-35.
[38]包志强,韩冰,吴顺君.基于模糊聚类的信源个数检测新算法[J].电子与信息学报,2006,28(10):1761-1765.
[39]Schmidt R O.Multilinear array manifold interpolation.IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1992,40(4):857-866.
[40]Weiss A J,and Friedlander B.Array Manifold Interpolation for Diversely Polarized Arrays[J].Proceedings of the 26-th Asilomar Conference on Signals,Systems and Computers,Pacific-Grove,CA,October 26-28,1992:214-218.
[41]Zhang Ming,Zhu Zhaoda.DOA estimation with sensor gain,phase and position perturbations[A].Proc.IEEE NAECON,Dayton,Ohio,1993:67-69.
[42]Stavropoulos K,Manikas A.Array calibration in the presence of unknown sensor characteristics and mumal coupling[A].Proceedings of the EUSIPCO 2000[C].Finland,2000,3:1417-1420.
[43]N.Fistas,A.Manikas.A new general global array calibration method[A].Proceedings of IEEE ICASSP'94,1994,4:73-76.
[44]Hung E.Matrix-Construction Calibration Method for Antenna Arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,36(3):819-828.
[45]贾永康,保睁,吴恒.一种阵列天线阵元位置、幅度及相位误差的有源校 正方法[J].电子学报,1996,24(3):47-52.
[46]张铭,朱兆达.无需精确已知校正源方向的阵列通道不一致的单源校正[J].电子科学学刊,1995,17(1):20-25.
[47]Hong J S.Genetic approach to bearing estimation with sensor location uncertainties[J].Electronic letters,1993,29(23):2013-2014.
[48]Weiss A J,and Friedlander B.Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations-a maxilmum-likelihood approach[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustic s Speech and Signal Processing,1989,37(12):1958-1966.
[49]Friedlander B,Weiss A J.Eigenstructure methods for direction finding with sensor gain and phase uncertainties[J].ICASSP,1988,5:2681-2684.
[50]Viberg M,Swindlehurst A L.A Bayesian approach to auto-calibration for parametric array processing[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(12):3495-3507.
[51]Friedlander B,Weiss A J.Direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1991,39(3):273-284.
[52]Brian P.Flanagan,Kristine L.Bell.Improved array self calibration with large sensor position errors for closely spaced sources[A].Proceeding of IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Workshop,2000:484-488.
[53]Hung E.A critical study of a self-calibration direction-finding method for arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1994,42(2):471-474.
[54]Chongying Qi,Yongliang Wang,Yongshun Zhang.A decoupling DOA estimation and self-calibration algorithm for circular antenna array[A].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2005:366-369.
[55]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.均匀线阵互耦条件下的鲁棒DOA估计及互耦自校正[J].中国科学E辑,2004,34(2):229-135.
[56]徐青,陶海红,廖桂生.基于GA的阵列幅相误差校正新方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):654-657.
[57]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.方位依赖阵元幅相误差校正的辅助阵元法[J].中国科学E辑,2004,34(8):906-918.
[58]Wang Buhong,Wang Yongliang,Chen hui.Array calibration of angularly dependent gain and phase uncertainties with instrumental sensors[A].IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology,Boston,Massachustts,USA,22-27,Oct,2003:182-186.
[59]Bradbury W W,Fletcher R.New iterative methods for solution of the eigenproblem[J].Numerische Mathematil,1966,9:259-267.
[60]H.Chen,T.K.Sarkar,S.A.Dianat et al.Adaptive spectral estimation by the conjugate gradient method[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1986,34(2):272-284.
[61]Fu Z,Dowling E M.Conjugate gradient eigenstructure tracking for adaptive spectral estimation[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1995,43(5):1151-1160.
[62]T.S.Durrani,K.C.Sharman.Eigenfilter approaches to adaptive array processing[J].IEE Proc.-F.,1983,130(1):22-28.
[63]张永军,陈宗骘,韩平.幂迭代超分辨率快速算法[J].电子科学学刊,1998,20(3):417-420.
[64]Xu G,Zha H,Golub G et al.Fast algorithm for updating signal subspace[J].IEEE Trans.on Computer Society,1994,41(8):537-549.
[65]Xu G,Kailath T.Fast Subspace Decomposition[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(3):539-551.
[66]Xu G,Cho Y,Kailath T.Application of fast subspace decomposition to signal processing and communication problems[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(6):1453-1461.
[67]Xu G,T.Kailath.Fast estimation of principal eigenspace using Lanczos algorithm[J].SIAM J.Matrix Anal.Appl.,1994,15(3):974-994.
[68]Xu G,T.Kailath.A fast algorithm for signal subspace decomposition and its performance analysis[A].In Proceedings.of ICASSP-91 Conference,April,1991.vol,5,pp:3069-3072.
[69]Goldstein J S and Reed I S,A new method of Wiener filtering and its application to interference mitigation for communications[A].In Proc.IEEE MILCOM,Monterey,CA,USA,Nov,1997.Vol,3:1087-1091.
[70]Goldstein J S.Reed I S.and Scharf L L.A multistage representation of the Wiener filter based on orthogonal projections[J].IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,1998,44(7):2943-2959.
[71]Huang L,Wu S J,Feng D et al.Low complexity method for signal subspace fitting[J].IEE Electronics Letters,2004,40(14):847-848.
[72]Huang L,Zhang L,Wu S J.A new method for noise subspace estimation based on the spatial smoothing Lanczos algorithm[A].Proceedings of IEEE APS 2004,Monterey,CA,USA,June 2004,pp:3689-3692.
[73]Huang L,Yuan W,Zhang L,Wu S J.Direction-of-arrival estimation via the multi-stage wiener filter[J].Proceedings of International Conference on Radar Systems 2004,Toulouse,France,Oct.2004.
[74]Huang L,Wu S J,Zhang L.A novel MUSIC algorithm for direction-of -arrival estimation without the estimate of covariance matrix and its eigendecomposition[A].IEEE VTC 2005-Spring Sweden,2005,30(1):16-19.
[75]黄磊.快速子空间估计方法研究及其在阵列信号处理中的应用[D].西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,2005:51-73.
[76]黄可生,张国柱,黄知涛等.基于Lanczos算法的宽带相关信号DOA快速估计[J].信号处理,2006,22(3):295-298.
[77]黄可生,张国柱,黄知涛等.基于Krylov子空间的宽带信号DOA估计方法[J].宇航学报,2005,26(4):461-465.
[78]黄可生.宽带信号阵列高分辨处理技术研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,2005:66-86.
[79]陈昊.空间谱估计算法的高速实现[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003:1-4.
[80]肖先赐,魏平.空间谱估计测向实验系统[J].电子科技大学学报,1995,24(7):113-120.
[81]高勇,刘皓,肖先赐等.MUSIC算法在高速DSP上的并行实现[J].通信学报,2000,21(4):84-88.
[82]董照飞.基于DSP的MUSIC算法的实现[J].现代电子技术,2006,238 (23):21-23.
[83]M.Kaveh,A.Bassias.Threshold extension based on a new paradigm for MUSIC-type estimation[J].International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,vol.5,1990,pp:2535-2538.
[84]Congfeng,Liu;Guisheng,Liao.Fast algorithm for Root-MUSIC with Real-Valued egendecomposition[J].International Conference on Radar 2006.CIE'06,2000,10:1-4.
[85]Pesavento M,Gershman,A B,Haardt,M.Unitary root-MUSIC with a real-valued eigendecomposition:a theoretical and experimental performance study[J].Transaction on Signal Processing,2000,5(48):1306-1314.
[86]Salameh,A,Tayem,N,Kwon,H.M.Improved 2-D root MUSIC for non-circular signals[J].IEEE Workshop Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing,2006:151-156.
[87]Withers,L Jr.Piecewise Root-MUSIC[J].International Conference on ASSP,April,1991,5:3305-3308.
[88]Ren Q S,Willis A.J.Fast root-MUSIC algorithm[J].IEE Electronics Letters,1997,33(6):450-451.
[89]Charge P.Yide Wang.A Root-MUSIC-like direction finding method for cyclostationary signals[J].IEEE International Conference on ASSP,May,2004,2:225-228.
[90]Bienvenu G,Kopp L.Decreasing high resolution technique sensitivity by conventional beamformer preprocessing[J].Proc IEEE ICASSP,1984,33(2):1-4.
[91]Zoltowski M D,Kautz G M,Silverstein,S D.Beamspace root-MUSIC[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1993,41(1):344-364.
[92]Lee H,Wengrovitz M.Resolution threshold of beamspace MUSIC for two closely spaced emitter[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1990,38(9):1545-1559
[93]Li F,Liu H.Statistical Analysis of beam-space estimation for direction-of-arrivals [J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1994,42(3):604-610.
[94]Xu X L,Buckley K M.An snalysis of beam-space source localization[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1993,41(1):501-504.
[95]Xu X L,Buckley K M.Reduced-dimension beamspace broadband,source localization:Preprocessor design and evaluation[J].In Proc.IEEE ASSP 4~(th)Workshop Spectrum Estimation Modeling,Aug,1988,8:22-27.
[96]Xu X L,Buckley K M.Statistical performance comparison of MUSIC in.elenlent space and beam-space[C].In Proceeding of ICASSP,1989:2124-2127.
[97]Xu X L,Buckley K M.A comparison of element and beam space spatial -spectrum estimation for multiple source clusters[C].Proceeding of ICASSP,1990,5:2643-2646.
[98]Godara,L C.Beamforming in the presence of correlated arrivals using structuredcorrelation matrix[J].IEEE Trans.on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing,1990,38(1):1-15.
[99]Lian X H,Zhou J J.2-D DOA estimation for uniform circular arrays with PM[J].7th International Symposium on Antennas,Propagation & EM Theory,Oct,2006:1-4.
[100]刁鸣,王艳温.基于任意平面阵列的二维测向技术研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27(4):593-596.
[101]苏力,施家添.圆口径天线的近场分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(5A):140-142.
[102]文光华,张祖荫,郭伟等.微波辐射特性测试场的设计[J].华中理工大学学报,1995,23(8):117-120.
[103]王永良,陈辉,彭应宁等.空间谱估计理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:19-26.
[104]Chen W,Reilly J P.Detection of the number of signals in noise with banded -covariance matrices[J].IEEE Trans.on SP,1992,42(5):377-380.
[105]Wong K M,Wu Q,Stoica P.Generalized correlation decomposition applied to array processing in unknown noise environments[J].In Advances in spectrum analysis and array processing.S.Haykin,Ed.Prentice Hall,1995.
[106]Akaike H.A new look at statistical model identification[J].IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1974,(AC-19):716-722.
[107]Rissanen J.Modeling by shortest data description[J].Automatica,1978,14:465-471.
[108]Schwartz G.Estimation the demension of a model[J].Ann.Stat,1978,6:461-464.
[109]P.Stoica and M.Cedervall.Detection tests for array processing in unknown correlated noise fields[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1997,45(9):2351-2362.
[110]Anderson T W.Asymptotic theory for principle component analysis[J].Ann.Math.Statist.1963,34(4):122-148.
[111]Wax M,Kailath T.Determining the number of signals by information theoretic criteria[J].ICASSP,San.Diego,1984:631-634.
[112]Wu Y,Tam K W.On determination of the number of signals in spatially correlated noise[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1998,46(11):3023-3029.
[113]Wu Y,Tam K W,Li F.Determination of number of sources with multiple arrays in correlated noise fields[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2002,50(6):1257-1260.
[114]Calson B D.Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1988,24(7):397-401.
[115]Ning Ma,Joo Thiam Goh.Efficient method to determine diagonal loading value[J].Proc.ICASSP,2003,15(4):341-344.
[116]Xu R,Wunsch D.Survey of clustering algorithms[J].IEEE Trans.on Neural Network,2005,16(3):645-678.
[117]苏为民,顾红,倪晋麟等.通道幅相误差条件下MUSIC空域谱的统计性能[J].电子学报,2000,28(6):105-107.
[118]于斌,宋铮,丁刚.通道失配对测向性能的影响与分析[J].舰船电子工程,2005,25(1):108-111.
[119]苏为民,顾红,倪晋麟等.多通道幅相误差对空域谱及分辨性能影响的分析[J].自然科学进展,2001,11(5):557-560.
[120]Zhang Ming,Zhu Zhaoda.A method for direction finding under sensor gain and phase uncertainties[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,1995,43(8):880-883.
[121]Pierae J.Kaveh M.Experimental Performance of calibration and Direction -Finding Algorithms[A].Proc,IEEE ICASSP[C],Toronto,Canada,1991,1365-1368.
[122]Jaffer A G.Sparse mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain/phase estimation for array auto-calibration[J].Proceedings of IEEE Rader Conference,2002:294-297.
[123]俄广西,蒋谷峰.阵列天线通道误差的盲校正[J].系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(3):410-412.
[124]于斌,宋铮.阵元位置误差对测向性能的影响与分析[J].航天电子对抗,2005,21(1):19-22.
[125]李相平,唐志凯,刘隆和等.阵元位置误差有源估计方法研究[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2005,20(2):251-253.
[126]于斌,黄赪东.一种新的阵元位置误差校正方法[J].探测与控制学报,2006,28(5):46-50.
[127]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法-理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002:1-50.
[128]张文修,梁怡.遗传算法的数学基础[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001:1-15.
[129]金鸿章,王科俊,何琳.遗传算法理论及其在船舶横摇运动控制中的应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2006:1-30.
[130]高勇,刘皓,肖先赐,魏平.MUSIC算法在高速DSP上的并行实现[J].通信学报,2000,21(4):84-88.
[131]吴仁彪.一种通用的高分辨率波达方向估计预处理新方法[J].电子科学学刊,1993,15(3):305-309.
[132]Ricks D C,Goldstein J S.Efficient Architectures for Implementing Adaptive Algorithms[A].Proceedings of the 2000 Antenna Applications Symposium[C].Allerton Park,Monticello,IL,2000:29-41.
[133]刘书明,苏涛,罗军辉编著.TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:287-307.