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储层图形(像)融合与富气非线性检测方法研究
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摘要
基于图像融合与非线性算法的理论和方法,采用新的方法技术与思路,创建了新型的储层图(像)融合技术和油气地震非线性检测方法与技术。
     (1)基于图像融合的理论与方法,创建了基于PCA变换和小波变换(包含第二代小波)的储层图形(像)融合技术。基于PCA变换储层图形(像)融合是利用能量集中的主分量重构储层图形(像),而基于小波变换储层图形(像)是利用图形(像)各自携带的特征与细节在多个分解层和多个频带上进行融合。它们是一种创新的油气储层信息综合处理技术,可获得储层目标区的更为准确、更为全面和更为可靠的图形描述,是一种确定性描述。融合后的储层图形(像)反映了多种地震属性或参数的共同地质因素,实现了直接将地震属性或参数转换为地质信息。
     (2)基于非线性算法的理论与方法,首次创建了一种集遗传算法,混沌算法、ANFIS算法及禁忌搜索算法的优势于一体的新的地震非线性反演方法,即全局优化混合智能算法,采用这种算法,以概率搜索方式进行运算,且概率自适应变化,以达到混合算法的均衡;采用具有多输入多输出的网络结构,在测井约束下,建立自适应权函数和综合非线性映射关系及自动更新非线性映射关系,对反演过程及其反演结果起到约束和控制作用,极大地提高了反演的精度和分辨率,因此,这种反演方法是一种高精度与高分辨率的地震反演方法,具有反演地震多属性的功能。
     (3)基于弹性参数是储层岩性预测与油气检测中极佳的参数,创建了弹性参数反演技术系列。这种弹性参数反演技术是由基于方程的泊松比(σ)反演方法、弹性参数换算技术、基于改进的加权叠加技术与混合智能算法纵横波联合弹性参数反演方法及弹性参数综合解释方法组成。这种方法技术系列属于叠前反演技术,是一种先进的反演技术。
     (4)储层密度反演方法是基于混合智能算法地震非线性反演方法在测井密度约束下,利用地震波阻抗数据实现储层密度的反演,获得储层密度剖面。流体密度是在获得储层密度的基础上,利用流体密度计算方法,即可得到流体密度及流体密度剖面,它是检测富气的绝好参数。
     (5)所研制的《储层预测与油气检测软件系统》具有四大功能,即储层图形(流)融合、速度与密度等参数反演、多种弹性参数反演及解释等功能。该软件系统具有图形化的操作界面,使用方便,具有较强的实用价值。在国内,首次推出了储层图形(像)融合软件。
     (6)在大庆丰乐地区,采用地震非线性反演方法,获得了高分辨率的三维速度数据体和三维密度数据体,并对最佳有利火山岩体和油气进行了识别与预测,取得了很好的地质效果,为复杂的火山岩体的识别与预测提供了新的方法技术。在四川地区,成功地在圈定的储层目标区内预测出富气层及其部位,极大地提高了勘探开发的成功率。总之,该方法技术与软件系统适应不同特点的地区和不同特点的储层类型,具有较高的科学价值与实用价值及推广应用前景。
On the basis of the theories and methods of the image fusion and nonlinearinversion algorithm, this paper developed new-style reservoir image fusion technique,seismic nonlinear oil/gas detection method and technique by using new methods,techniques and ideas.
     (1) Based on the theory and method of image fusion, this paper developedreservoir image fusion technique which is based on PCA transform and wavelettransform (including second era wavelet). The reservoir image fusion technique basedon PCA transform utilizes the dominant component focused the most energy toreconstruct the reservoir image; however, the reservoir image fusion technique based onwavelet transform utilizes the properties and details contained in each images toperform fusion in many decomposition layers and many frequency bands. So, thistechnique is a new oil/gas information integrative processing technique which canprovide more accurate, complete, and reliable image descriptions of the target zones inthe reservoirs; and also is a new technique which can truly describe the reservoir imageafter fusion, and reflect the same geologic factors in multiple seismic attributes orparameters, and directly transform the seismic attributes or parameters into thegeological information.
     (2) Based on the theory and method of the nonlinear algorithm, this paper tht firstdeveloped a new seismic nonlinear inversion method that integrates all advantages ofgenetic algorithm, chaos algorithm, ANFIS algorithm and tabu searching algorithm, thatis, a global optimization hybrid intelligent algorithm. This algorithm implementscomputation with probability searching mode, moreover, the probability changesself-adaptively to make the hybrid algorithm uniform. In this technique, the networkstructure with multi-inputs and multi-outputs are adopted, and under the constraint ofthe logging data, the self-adaptive weight function and comprehensive nonlinearmapping relationship are established and nonlinear mapping relationship areautomatically updated, which can constrain and control the inversion results, andimprove inversion precision and resolution greatly. Therefore, it is a seismic inversion method with high precision and high resolution, and can perform seismicmulti-attributes inversion.
     (3) Based on the elastic parameters is the optimal parameter for reservoir lithologyprediction and oil/gas detection, the paper developed elastic parameter inversiontechnique series, which consists of poisson'ratio inversion based on equation, elasticparameter conversion technique, improved weighting stack technique and P-wave andS-wave simultaneous elastic parameter inversion technique which based on hybridintelligent algorithm, and elastic parameter integrative interpretation method. Thistechnique series belongs to prestack inversion technique, and is an advanced inversiontechnique.
     (4) Reservoir density inversion method is based on hybrid intelligent seismicnonlinear inversion method, and applies seismic acoustic impedance data to performreservoir density inversion with the constraint of the logging density data, and gainsreservoir density section. Then, fluid density computation method is adopted to obtainthe fluid density and fluid density section, which are the optimal parameters for oil/gasdetection.
     (5) "Reservoir prediction and oil/gas detection software system" developed by theauthor has four functions, including reservoir image fusion function, velocity anddensity parameters etc. inversion function, various elastic parameters inversion functionand interpretation function. This software system has the graphical interfaces, isconvenient for operation, and has strong application values. This reservoir image fusionsoftware is the first one developed at home.
     (6) Seismic nonlinear inversion method was applied to obtain 3D velocity volumeand 3D density volume with high resolution in Fengle area of Daqing oil field, andperform the most favorable volcano rock body recognition and oil/gas prediction, andgood geologic results have been obtained. Therefore, this method provided new methodand technique for the recognition and prediction of the complex volcano rock bodies.Moreover, this technique was applied to successfully predict oil/gas accumulation zonesand their locations in the delineated reservoir target zones in Sichuan basin, andimprove the successful rate of the exploration and exploitation in this area greatly. Inconclusion, this technique and software system are suitable for various areas andreservoir types with different properties, and have high science value, application valueand popularizing application prospects.
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