用户名: 密码: 验证码:
小分子神经肽安全性评价(Ⅰ)
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
背景和目的 生物活性肽(biopcptides)是指对生物机体的生命活动有裨益或具有生理作用的肽类。近年来,生物活性肽的研究进展十分迅速,许多研究已阐明其免疫调节、激素调节、酶抑制、抗菌抗病毒以及抗癌作用、感观调节作用。因此生物活性肽在医药、食品等工业得到日益广泛应用。
     人类生产和生活环境中,许多化学物质都可造成机体不同程度的遗传损伤,导致基因突变或染色体畸变。长期接触致突变物可引起肿瘤、致畸和遗传缺陷等疾病。有学者建议寻找一些抗致突变物物质,如多肽类,多酚类化合物来抵御致突变物的侵袭。同时研究抗致突变物的作用机理也是当前研究较为活跃的领域。
     神经肽是生物活性肽的一种。神经肽是神经信息传递和调控的重要物质,在中枢神经系统内分布广泛,参与机体多种功能的调节。安玉会等对牛脑中小分子肽进行了分离研究,在国际上首次分离出一种新的酸性牛神经肽(bovine acidic newopeptide-1,BANP-1),并分离出了牛神经肽FF和猪神经肽等神经肽。这些肽均为小分子肽,无抗原性。已有研究表明:①BANP-1通过升高氨基酸水平,并对脑内环鸟苷酸(cGMP)浓度有一定影响,从而对神经网络有良好的调控作用。②通过增加脑内蛋白质的合成,提高脑内抗氧化能力,减少脑内一氧化氮(NO)的生成,改善脑内能量代谢障碍,对血管性痴呆小鼠模型和阿尔茨默病大鼠模型有良好的治疗效果。
     本研究工作依据《新药审批办法》和《食品安全性毒理学评价程序》,采用在测定BANP-1对小鼠的急性毒基础上,通过小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、
    
    郑州大学20()4年硕士毕业论文
    小分子神经肚安全性评价(1)
    鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复实验,中国仓鼠卵巢细胞染色体畸变试验,对BANP一1的致
    突变性和抗突变性进行评价,并同时测定小鼠肝脏有关抗氧化和n相反应的酶学
    指标,不同加药方式对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验的影响,进一步探讨BAN甲一1
    的抗突变作用机理。
    方法:在测定BANP一1的经口半数致死量(LD动和最大耐受量(MTD)来了解急性
    毒性的同时,利用避暗实验来反映记忆、学习能力以检测其对神经系统影响。
     在整体动物水平采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验来检测BANP一1的致突
    变性和抗突变性,同时检测抗突变实验中测定小鼠肝组织中有关抗氧化的超氧化
    物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(以T)、谷耽甘肤过氧化物酶(GSH一Px)活性、总
    抗氧化力(T一Aoc)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,有关n相反应的谷肤甘肤琉基转移酶
     (GST)活力和谷肤甘肤(GSH)含量,以了解BANP一1抗突变机理。
     在原核细胞水平,采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型回复试验(Ames试验)
    来检测BANP一1的致突变性和抗突变性。利用四种不同的加药方式:A受试物与
    致突变物预培养30分钟后,加菌液;B受试物与菌液预培养30分钟后,再加致
    变物;C致突变物与菌液预培养30分钟后,加受试物;D受试物菌液菌液一起预
    培养30分钟后,记录抗突变结果,以了解BANP一l的抗突变机理。
     在真核细胞水平,利用中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO细胞)染色体畸变实验来检
    测BANP一1的致突变性和抗突变性。
    结果1、BANP一l对小鼠的经口LDso无法测出,最大耐受量大于24mg/kg。BANP一1
    各剂量组与正常对照组相比,避暗实验差异无统计学意义(乃0.05)。
     2.微核实验:致突变性评价中BANP一1各组与阳性对照差异有统计学意义
     (只0.05),与阴性对照差异无统计学意义(乃0.05)。抗突变作用观察中,BANP一1
    各剂量组均与阳性对照组存在差异有统计学意义(代0.05)。BANP一1各剂量组肝
    组织中抗氧化和n相及反应的酶均与阳性对照组存在差异有统计学意义
     (只0.05)。
     3.腼es试验:致突变性评价中BANP一1各剂量组各菌株菌落数均未超过自
    发对照2倍以上,与阳性对照组存在差异有统计学意义(代0.05);抗突变性观察
    中,与阴性对照相比BANP一l各剂量组均可降低TA98、TA100株菌落数(只0.05)。
    不同加药方式实验中,加药方式A、B、D的抗突变效果好于加药方式C(只0.05)。
    
    郑州大学2004年硕士毕业论文
    小分子神经肤安全性评价(I)
     4 .CHO染色体畸变实验:致突变性评价中,BANP一1各组畸变数均小于5%,
    且与阳性中对照组差异有统计学意义(只0.05);抗突变作用观察中BANP一1各组
    与阳性对照均差异有统计学意义(只0.05)。
    结论1、经小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复实验,中国仓
    鼠卵巢细胞染色体畸变试验,结果均为阴性,证明小分子神经肤无致突变性。
     2、利用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验、中国
    仓鼠卵巢细胞染色体畸变试验对抗突变作用进行观察,显示各剂量组均有一定抗
    突变作用,证明为小分子神经肤有抗突变性。
     3、小分子神经肤的抗突变机理为:①抗氧化作用;②增强n相反应;③
    去突变作用;④防止正常细胞向突变细胞转化。
Biopeptides refer to the peptides that have beneficial or physiological effect on organism. In recent years, the research on biopeptides made rapid progress. It has been shown that biopeptides have the function such as immunomodulation, endocrine modulation, enzyme inhibition, antibiotic, antiviral, anticancer and flavour adjusting. Collectively, Biopeptides can be widely used in medicine and food industry
    A large number of chemicals can cause genetic lesion to some degree in human body, which lead to gene mutation and chromosome aberration. Long time touching mutagen can cause diseases such as cancer, teratogenicity and genetic deficiency. Some scientists suggest some antimutagens shoud be discovered to avoid the attack of mutagen on human body. Meanwhile, the research on mechanism of antimutation is one of the hottest fields.
    Neuropeptides, one group of biopeptides, are some important substances that have functions of neuronal signal transmission and regulation. They distribute widely in the central neural system, participating in a variety kinds of functional regulation. An Yuhui isolated some small neuropeptides from bovine brains and found a new peptide: bovine acidic neuropeptide 1 (BANP-1), a small molecular peptide without antigenicity. Experiments in animal model have proved that ﹊t can regulate neural system by increase amino acid and affecting the contents in cGMP in brain, (2) By increasing the synthesis of protein and the antioxidants defences of brain and
    
    
    improving the energy metabolise of brain and decreasing the synthesis of No in brain, BANP-1 have good treatment on model of AD (Alzheimer's disease) rats and VD (Vascular dementia) mice.
    In this study, we measured the acute toxicity of BANP-1 and evaluate mutation and antimutation with micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocytes on mouse bone marrow, Ames test and chromosome aberration test of Chinese hamster ovary cell. Meanwhile, we examined the activity of enzyme which have antoxidation and phase II biotransformation and observed the change with different drug adding way in Ames test to explain the mechanism of antimutation of BANP-1.
    Method: The acute toxicity of BANP-1 was investigated through measurement of LDso and MTD, and then black avoidance test was done to measure the change of remember, study ability that can reflect the role of BANP-1 to neural system.
    To understand antimutatiotf and mutation of BANP-1 in organism level, micronucleus polychromatic erythrocyte test was done to observe in mouse bone marrow. And, we examined the activity of antoxidation enzymes which includeing SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, FAOC, CAT and enzymes involved in phase II biotransformation including GST and GSH. The aim is to understand the mechanism of antimutation of BANP-1.
    To understand antimutation and mutation of BANP-1 in prokaryotic cell level, we detected the mutation and antimutation of BANP-1 with Salmonella typhimurium strain mutagenicity test (Ames test). In order to know the mechanism of antimutation of BANP-1, four different adding drug ways were used: A incubate mutagen and BANP-1 together for 30min, then add bacteria, B incubate BANP-1 and bacteria together for 30min, then add mutagen; C incubate mutagen and bacteria together for 30min, then add BANP-1, D incubate BANP-1, mutagen and bacterial together for 30min.
    In eukaryotic cell level, chromosome aberration test of Chinese hamster ovary cell was done to detect the mutation and antimutation of BANP-1.
    Result: 1 LD50 of BANP-1 cannot be detected and the MTD of BANP-1 is larger than 24g/kg. Comparing with normal group, BANP-1 groups had no significant
    
    differences (P>0.05) in black avoidance test.
    2. Micronucleus test: In mutation test, BANP-1 groups have significant differences (PO.05) comparing with positive group, and have no significant differences comparing with negative group. In antimutation test, BANP-1 groups have significant differences (PO.05) comparing with positive group. BANP-1 groups have significant differences (PO.05) in the activity of enzyme about antoxidation and phase
引文
1.石岗.生物活性肽在动物生产中的应用.畜牧与兽医,2002,34(7):38-40
    2.葛轶群,俞建瑛,宋聿文等.生物活性肽的研究进展.中国生化药物杂志,1998,19(6):404-406
    3.余江,李伯灵.复合枸杞多糖抗突变作用和抗脂质过氧化作用研究.广东药学院学报,2002,18(2):128-130
    4. Wall ME, Ward MC, Manikumar G, et al. Plant antimutagenic agents, 2-flavonoids. J Nat Prod, 1988,51:1084-1091
    5. Wall M E, Antimutagenic agents from natural products. J Nat Prod, 1992,55:1561-1568
    6. Sato T, Ose Y, Nagase H. Desmutugenic effect of humic acid. Muta Res, 1986,162:173
    7. Wattenberg LW. Chem prevention of cancer. Cancer Res, 1985,45:1
    8.路长林主编.神经肽基础与临床,上海.第二军医大学出版社,2000,270
    9.安玉会,刘庄励,赵建军等.二种牛神经肽的分离.河南医科大学学报,1998,33(4):1-3
    10.安玉会,刘庄励,赵建军等.二种牛神经肽的氨基酸分析.河南医科大学学报,1998,33(4):3-5
    11.安玉会,刘庄励,王占国等.一种新的牛神经肽.酸性牛神经肽的测序.河南医科大学学报,1998,33(4):5-7
    12.贺付成,安玉会.酸性神经肽1对小鼠脑谷氨酸和GABA含量的影响.河南医科大学学报,2001,36(2):148-150
    13.贺付成,安玉会,刘志立等.酸性牛神经肽1对小鼠大脑环核苷酸含量的影响.河南医科大学学报,2001,36(3):257-258
    14.安玉会,崔福爱,章萍等.脑肽精对痴呆小鼠的治疗作用研究.河南医学研究,2002,11(4):289-290
    
    
    15.崔福爱,安玉会,王秀利等.酸性神经肽1对VD小鼠脑内SOD、MDA和NO的影响.山东大学学报(医学版),2003,41(1):14-15
    16.安玉会,孟庆瑞,张维娟等.脑肽精对阿尔茨海默病大鼠脑中能量代谢的影响.河南医学研究,2003,12(3):205-208
    17.中华人民共和国卫生部药政司.《新药审批办法》,北京,1992
    18.中华人民共和国卫生部法监司.《食品安全性毒理学评价程序》GB15193.1-94,北京,1994
    19.王治乔,泰伯益主编.《新药临床前研究》,北京:军事医学出版社,1997
    20.张均田,斋藤洋.十二种化学药品破坏小鼠被动回避性行为.避暗实验和避暗实验的作用比较观察.药学学报,1986,2(1):12-19
    21.赵慧娟,王淑惠,邓雪等.盐藻素抗突变作用初探.卫生毒理学杂志,2003,17(1):65-66
    22.夏勇,徐彩菊,傅剑云等.仙华胶囊抗突变作用的研究.癌变·畸变·突变,2001,13(2):112-115
    23.杨胜利,韩绍印,张巧等.冬凌草甲素抗突变作用研究,癌变·畸变·突变 2001,13(1):8-10
    24. Raj AS, Heddle JA, Newmark HL, et al. Coffeic acid as an inhibitor of DMBA-induced chromosomal breakage in mice assessed by bore-marrow micronucleus test. Muta Res. 1983,124(34):247
    25.庄颖,江城梅,赵红等.淮河蚌埠段水中有机物对小鼠遗传毒性和脂质过氧化作用的影响.癌变·畸变·突变,2001,13(3):163-166
    26.莫君琴,黄幸纾.甘蓝汁的抗诱变作用及其机理研究.癌变·畸变·突变,1995,7(1):46-49
    27. Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, et al. Protection effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidant against TPA-Induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and perdition tea macrophage activation in mice. Gen Pharmacol, 1998,30(5):711-776
    28.叶应抚,王毓三主编.全国临床检验操作规程,第二版,南京.东南大学出版社,1997:155-278
    29. Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test.
    
    Mutation Research, 1983,113:173
    30.白小佳,王艳秋,黄敏等.不同蛋白质及其水解物抗突变性的初步研究.天津轻工业不院学报,2000,3:13-16
    31.周永贵.Chung KT.Ames试验研究鞣酸和相关化合物的毒性和抗突变性.环境与职业医学,2002,19(4):187-189
    32.赵泽贞,温登瑰,魏丽珍等.一种快速显示抗突变作用机理的试验设计.癌变·畸变·突变,1998,10(3):187-189
    33.阚建全,王雅茜,陈宗道等.甘薯活性多糖抗突变作用的体外实验研究.中国粮油学报,2001,10(1):23-27
    34.牛铁芹,穆效群,仝国辉等.螺旋藻抗突变作用的探讨.中国食品卫生杂志,2001,13(4):9-12
    35. Ramel C. Inhibitors of mutagenesis and their Relevance to Carlinogenesis. Mutation Research. 1986,168:47
    36.朱心强,祝慧娟,沈玲玲.氟康唑的致突变研究.癌变·畸变·突变,1994,6(6):60-63
    37.王蕊芳,贺维顺,吴芳.昆明水源水和自来水水质致突变性及化学背景值Ⅱ:蝌蚪红细胞微核和CHO细胞染色体畸变及SCE试验.动物学研究,1996,14(3):469-475
    38.丰慧根,李延兰,杨保胜等.胎盘免疫调节肽遗传毒性和抗突变作用的研究.新乡医学院学报,1997,14(3):266-268
    39.汤德生,张玉国,叶新等.“衡之宝”对小鼠避暗试验,、避暗实验、游泳迷宫、酒精及东莨菪碱遗忘模型的影响.陕西中西医,1995,16(7):327-328
    40.陈自强,汪根盛,梁友信.我国神经行为毒理学研究概况与进展.卫生毒理学杂志,1999,13,(4):234-238
    41.张桥主编.卫生毒理学(第三版).北京.人民卫生出版社,2001
    42. Hussain S P, Hofseth L J, Harris C. Radical cause of cancer. Nat. Rev Cancer, 2003,3(4):276
    43.陆敦,印木泉.韭黄的抗突变作用及其机理.癌变·畸变·突变,1997,9(4):225-229
    
    
    44.孙志广,赵万洲,陆茵等.葡萄糖原花青素对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染细胞微核形成的抑制作用及其机理探讨.时珍国医国药,2000,11(5):386-387
    45. Yukiaki Kuroda.Bio-antimutagenic activity of green tea catechins in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutation research,1996,361:179-186
    46. Hui-yin Chen,Gow-Chin Yen.Possible mechanism of antimutagens by various teas as judged by their effect on mutagenesis by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-t]quinoline and benzo[a]pyrene.Mutation Research,1997,393:115-122
    47. Bu-Abbas, Sasaki Y F, Copeland E, et al. Fractionation of green, black and decaffeinated teas: contribution of flavanols to the antimutagenic effect with flavanols content. J. Food Argic, 1997,78(4): 453-462
    48. Filia E S. Sodum R,S.(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitritemediate formation of 8-oxodeoxguansine and 3-nitrotytosine. Experientia. 1996, 52(9):922-926
    49. Tanaka K, Hayatsu T, Negishi. Inhibition of N-nitrosation of secondary amine in vitro by tea extracts and catcchins. Mutation Research, 1998,(4121):91-98
    50. Gow-Chin Yen, Hui-yin Chen. Antioxidant activity of various tea extracts in telation to their antimtagenicity. J.Agric Chem.1995, 43:27-32
    51.山村雄一主编,癌的分子生物学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1993
    52.李八方编,功能食品与保健食品.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1997
    53.高永贵,杨贤强,周树红.试论茶多酚清除自由基的高效性.天然产物研究与开发.食品工业,1993,25(12):14-21
    54.陈惠英,颜国钦.茶叶抗突变及抗癌之研究概况.食品工业,1998,25(12):14-21
    55.陈留记,杨贤强.茶提取物和茶多酚抗突变机理研究进展.天然产物研究与开发,2001,13(2):84-89
    56.李双莲,尚兰琴,徐厚恩等.猕猴桃汁抗环磷酰胺致突变作用的机理.中华预防医学杂志,1998,32(5):275-277
    57.杨胜利,韩绍印,吴保平等,胎盘多肽的抗突变作用.河南医科大学学报,1998,33(3):72-74
    
    
    58.李双莲,徐厚恩,尚兰琴等.猕猴桃汁抗环磷酰胺致突变作用及其机制.北京医科大学学报,1998,30(3):270-272
    59.邓一夫,苏忆兰,蒋致诚等.软木尘浸提液微核试验及染毒小鼠体内过氧化脂质测定.卫生毒理学杂志,1994,8(3):13-14
    60.罗鹏,张爱华,李军等.碳酸锂对抗放化疗患者遗传及氧化损伤作用的研究.癌变·畸变·突变,2003,14(2):98-101

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700